Pengaruh penambahan Silikon pada remelting piston motor bekas menggunakan tungku induksi terhadap kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan

Aluminum is one of the most widely used non-ferrous metals in industry and engineering because of its light weight and resistance to corrosion. The purpose of this study is to change the waste of used motor pistons using an induction furnace by recycling or remelting the material and adding a mixture of silicon with variations of 8%, 10% and 12% to improve its mechanical properties. In this research, I used the main furnace for the smelting. The results of this study in the tensile test showed that the strength and wear strength increased with the addition of silicon elements but became brittle and stiff this happened because the value of the elastic modulus decreased with the addition of silkon elements, namely at 12% at 1.06 N/mm² and at a variation of 8 % of 1.13 N/mm². In the hardness test, it was found that the addition of silicon to aluminum with variations of 8%, 10% and 12% increased the hardness of the material.

Investigation on Pollution Control Device (PCD) In Foundry Industry to Reduce Environmental Chemicals

Right from the olden days, many products have been made according to foundry practices in order to generate prosperity in the societies in which they operate, while reaping these types of benefits through the operation of foundries. It is alarming that the emissions released by foundries affect human health. Therefore, foundries installed Pollution Control devices (PCDs), in accordance with this development; researchers examined the effectiveness of these PCDs in controlling emissions from foundries in different parts of the world. The emission control obtained by installing these PCDs is explained in this article based on the data gathered from the survey. The result of the study indicated that the cartridge filter built into the induction furnace achieves the best efficiency in controlling contamination from foundries. Interestingly, the operation of the cartridge filter has yet to be documented. Therefore, the construction, operation, the performance of the cartridge filter, and its efficiency in achieving contamination control in foundries are described. The article ends by emphasizing the need to conduct surveys in foundries in which a cartridge filter is installed. The results of this study will provide useful information on the use of cartridge filters in induction furnaces to reduce foundry emissions.

Development of Technology Ferrous Metal Melting Furnace Ancient Times in Indonesia

Technological knowledge of the use of metals is inseparable from human knowledge in the processing pyrotechnics of fire as a power in high temperature processes for producing objects. The fire is used for smelting and casting in melting furnaces. Metal smelting furnace is a heat production device, which is used to purify the metal, in this case iron. This paper aims to determine the development of ferrous metal smelting furnace technology in Indonesia with the library research method from the results of previous studies. Based on the results of the analysis, there are four technologies for smelting iron, namely pit kiln, bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace. Of the four technologies, three are in use in Indonesia, namely bloomery furnace, blast furnace, and induction furnace.

Tm4IrIn and Lu4PtIn – In4 tetrahedra embedded in RE 22 polyhedra

The rare earth-rich indides Tm4IrIn and Lu4PtIn were synthesized by reaction of the elements in sealed tantalum ampules in an induction furnace. Tm4IrIn (a = 1340.77(4) pm) and Lu4PtIn (a = 1338.0(1) pm) crystallize with the Gd4RhIn-type structure, space group F 4 ‾ 3 m $F‾{4}3m$ . The Lu4PtIn structure was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: wR = 0.0524, 517 F 2 values and 20 variables. The striking crystal chemical motif is the fcc packing of In4 tetrahedra with 318 pm In–In. The Lu4PtIn structure is closely related to the structures of Lu13Ni6In, Lu14Pd3In3 and Lu20Ir5In3 which all show icosahedral indium coordination and different condensation patterns that build up the indium substructure that consists of a dumbbell in Lu14Pd3In3 and a triangle in Lu20Ir5In3. The results of magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate Curie-Weiss paramagnetism for Tm4IrIn (7.76(1) µB per thulium atom) without magnetic ordering down to 2.5 K. Lu4PtIn is Pauli-paramagnetic.

Effects of Induction-Furnace Slag on Strength Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete

Indiscriminate waste disposal poses a severe environmental challenge globally. Recycling of industrial wastes for concrete production is currently the utmost effective way of managing wastes for a cleaner environment and sustainable products. This study investigates the strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing induction furnace slag (IFS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). The materials utilized include 42.5R Portland cement, induction furnace slag as an SCM ranging from 0 to 50 % by cement weight at 10 % interval, river sand, granite, water and superplasticizer. The fresh properties were tested for filling ability, passing ability and segregation resistance, the strength characteristics measured include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and Schmidt/rebound number. The oxide compositions and microstructural analysis of SCC were investigated using x-ray fluorescence analyser (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively. Empirical correlations were statistically analyzed using MS-Excel tool. The filling ability characteristic was determined via both the slump flow test and the T50cm slump flow time test. Moreover, the passing ability characteristic was determined using L-Box test. The segregation resistance characteristic was determined using V-funnel at T5minutes test. The results of the fresh properties showed a reduction in the slump flow with increasing IFS content. On the other hand, the T50cm slump flow increased with increasing IFS content. Furthermore, the L-Box decreased with higher IFS content. On the contrary, the V-funnel at T5minutes increased considerably with greater IFS content. The strength test results revealed that the strength properties increased to 20 % IFS, with a value of 66.79 N/mm2 compressive strength at 56 days, giving a rise of 12.61 % over the control. The SCC microstructural examinations revealed the amorphous and better interface structures with increasing IFS content in the mix. The empirical correlations revealed that linear relationships exist among the measured responses (fresh and strength properties). Ultimately, IFS could be utilized as a sustainable material in producing self-compacting concrete.

A Study on the smelting process of low carbon steel scrap and sponge iron in medium frequency induction furnace for production of front bumper beams

MS1200 steel grade is now widely utilized in the automotive sector because it is a good solution for the current trend of vehicle chassis frame construction. This research presents a technology procedure for producing MS1200 steel grade from low carbon steel scrap and sponge iron – a product of MIREX Vietnam. The smelting using up to 30 % sponge iron briquettes combined with low carbon scrap, FeSi, FeMn, FeCr, FeTi,… was realized in a medium frequency induction furnace. The heat treatment for forged steel was performed to obtain required properties. The steel product has the following properties: tensile strength σb = 1280 MPa, yield strength σ0.2 = 990 MPa and impact toughness ak = 769 J/mm2, that meets the need of industrial use.

Impact of Induction Furnace Steel Slag as Replacement for Fired Clay Brick Aggregate on Flexural and Durability Performances of RC Beams

This research investigates the flexural and durability performances of reinforced concrete (RC) beams made with induction furnace steel slag aggregate (IFSSA) as a replacement for fired clay brick aggregate (FCBA). To achieve this, 27 RC beams (length: 750 mm, width: 125 mm, height: 200 mm) were made with FCBA replaced by IFSSA at nine replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (by volume). Flexural tests of RC beams were conducted by a four-point loading test, where the deflection behavior of the beams was monitored through three linear variable displacement transducers (LVDT). The compressive strength and durability properties (i.e., porosity, resistance to chloride ion penetration, and capillary water absorption) were assessed using the same batch of concrete mix used to cast RC beams. The experimental results have shown that the flexural load of RC beams made with IFSSA was significantly higher than the control beam (100% FCBA). The increment of the flexural load was proportional to the content of IFSSA, with an increase of 27% for the beam made with 80% IFSSA than the control beam. The compressive strength of concrete increased by 56% and 61% for the concrete made with 80% and 100% IFSSA, respectively, than the control concrete, which is in good agreement with the flexural load of RC beams. Furthermore, the porosity, resistance to chloride ion penetration, and capillary water absorption were inversely proportional to the increase in the content of IFSSA. For instance, porosity, chloride penetration, and water absorption decreased by 43%, 54%, and 68%, respectively, when IFSSA entirely replaced FCBA. This decreasing percentage of durability properties is in agreement with the flexural load of RC beams. A good linear relationship of porosity with chloride penetration resistance and capillary water absorption was observed.

The ternary platinides CaGa5Pt3 and EuGa5Pt3

The ternary platinides CaGa5Pt3 (a = 2082.5(4), b = 406.05(8), c = 739.2(1) pm) and EuGa5Pt3 (a = 2085.5(5), b = 412.75(9), c = 738.7(1) pm) were synthesized from the elements in sealed high-melting metal tubes in an induction furnace. CaGa5Pt3 and EuGa5Pt3 are isotypic with CeAl5Pt3 and isopointal with the YNi5Si3 type intermetallic phases (space group Pnma, oP36 and Wyckoff sequence c 9). The structure of EuGa5Pt3 was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: wR2 = 0.0443, 1063 F 2 values and 56 variables. The gallium and platinum atoms build up a three-dimensional [Ga5Pt3]2− polyanionic network in which the europium atoms fill slightly distorted hexagonal prismatic voids. The Ga–Pt distances within the network range from 249 to 271 pm, emphasizing the covalent bonding character. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate diamagnetism for CaGa5Pt3 and isotypic BaGa5Pt3. EuGa5Pt3 behaves like a Curie–Weiss paramagnet above 50 K with an experimental magnetic moment of 8.17(1) µB/Eu atom, indicating divalent europium. Antiferromagnetic ordering sets in at T N = 8.5(1) K. The divalent ground state of europium is confirmed by 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy. EuGa5Pt3 shows a single signal at 78 K with an isomer shift of −9.89(4) mm s−1. Full magnetic hyperfine splitting with a hyperfine field of 25.0(2) T is observed at 6 K in the magnetically ordered regime.

Microstructural Evolution as a Function of Increasing Aluminum Content in Novel Lightweight Cast Irons

In the context of the development of new lightweight materials, Al-alloyed cast irons have a great potential for reducing the weight of the different part of the vehicles in the transport industry. The correlation of the amount of Al and its effect in the microstructure of cast irons is not completely well established as it is affected by many factors such as chemical composition, cooling rate, etc. In this work, four novel lightweight cast irons were developed with different amounts of Al (from 0 wt. % to 15 wt. %). The alloys were manufactured by an easily scalable and affordable gravity casting process in an induction furnace, and casted in a resin-bonded sand mold. The microstructural evolution as a function of increasing Al content by different microstructural characterization techniques was studied. The hardness of the cast irons was measured by the Vickers indentation test and correlated with the previously characterized microstructures. In general, the microstructural evolution shows that the perlite content decrease with the increment of wt. % of Al. The opposite occurs with the ferrite content. In the case of graphite, a slight increment occurs with 2 wt. % of Al, but a great decrease occurs until 15 wt. % of Al. The addition of Al promotes the stabilization of ferrite in the studied alloys. The hardness obtained varied from 235 HV and 363 HV in function of the Al content. The addition of Al increases the hardness of the studied cast irons, but not gradually. The alloy with the highest hardness is the alloy containing 7 wt. % Al, which is correlated with the formation of kappa-carbides and finer perlite.

Kappa Carbide Precipitation in Duplex Fe-Al-Mn-Ni-C Low-Density Steel

The microstructural evolution of a Fe-Mn-Al-Ni-C low-density steel was studied. The lightweight low-density steels are a promising material for the transportation industry, due to their good mechanical properties and low density. The base microstructure of the investigated steel consists of ferrite and austenite. Thermo-Calc calculations showed the formation of an ordered BCC (body-centred cubic) B2 phase below 1181 °C and kappa carbides below 864 °C. The steel was produced in a vacuum induction furnace, cast into ingots and hot forged into bars. The forged bars were solution annealed and then isothermally annealed at 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850 °C. The microstructure of the as-cast state, the hot forged state, solution annealed, and isothermally annealed were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the formation of kappa carbides and the ordered B2 phase. The kappa carbides appeared in the as-cast sample and at the grain boundaries of the isothermally annealed samples. At 550 °C, the kappa carbides began to form in the austenite phase and coarsened with increasing temperature.