Between the commodity and the gift: the Coastal GasLink pipeline and the contested temporalities of Canadian and Witsuwit'en law

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-145
Author(s):  
Tyler McCreary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Space Compression ◽  
Time Extension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Infrastructure

This article examines the conflicting subjectivities and space-times of Indigenous and colonial law that underpin the recent shutdown of the Canadian economy as people barricaded railways and ports in solidarity with the Witsuwit'en hereditary chiefs’ blockade against the Coastal GasLink pipeline across their territory. The article argues that this conflict between Canadian and Witsuwit'en law reflects fundamental tensions between their respective foundations in relations of the commodity and the gift. Within settler capitalist society, the value of a commodity is constructed relationally through a political economy of exchange that aims to speed transactions to maximize profits. With an ongoing drive for time-space compression, there is continual pressure in settler capitalism to develop new infrastructure that can speed the circulation of commodities. In Witsuwit'en society, the gift presents a contrasting logic of place-time extension. Rather than focusing on closing transactions to increase profits, gift giving stretches reciprocal obligations into the past and future. Contrasting these distinct conceptions of the relationship between value and time, the article argues that the Witsuwit'en struggle with Coastal GasLink should be understood as conflict between colonial temporal enclosures and a radical promise to open futures different to those engendered by the colonial present.

scholarly journals On the ratio of “gift” to “gift-giving” categories

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
V. O. Riadinska ◽  
Yu. O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the relationship between the concepts of “gift” and “gift-giving” as categories of modern legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that although the etymological meaning of the words “gift” and “giftgiving” is equal, the legislator uses these concepts as different categories; in various normative acts either gives them different definitions or operates with these two categories as synonyms. Comparing the signs of a gift and a gift-giving, it is determined that a gift can be provided both free of charge and for a fee, but at a price lower than the minimum market price. In the context of gift and gift-giving features, the ratios of “minimum market price” and “symbolic amount” are investigated. It is justified that the minimum market price is less than the market price, but it takes into account the economic costs of production and sale of goods and the minimum profit, while the symbolic price is formed by the prevailing in the society and concerns the free transfer of things. The ratio of “gift” and “gift-giving” categories in the civil and anticorruption legislation is formulated and its features are defined: 1) the concept of “gift-giving” (Civil Code of Ukraine) is narrower than the concept of “gift” (Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”); 2) the main feature of giving is that the gift is free of charge, and the “gift” may be given at a price lower than the minimum market price, while the “symbolic fee” is a category that differs from the category of “price lower than the minimum market price”; 3) the decision to accept “gift-giving” depends on the person who is being presented, but the special subject can accept “gift” only if he or she is permitted by the anti-corruption legislation and is obliged to refuse it and implement a set of appropriate measures in case he or she is prohibited or restricted; 4) the categories “gift-giving” and “gift” are not identical, but when a special subject receives “gifts” from close people, they are “gift-giving”. Keywords: gift, gift-giving, anti-corruption legislation, special subject, minimum market price.

Re-Engaging Critical Communication Studies With Social Classes

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-97
Author(s):  
Gökhan Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Homogeneous Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
The Media ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
The Relationship

This article is an attempt to reestablish the linkage of the political economy of communication with the field of social classes and class relations. Studies in the field of political economy of communication are mostly shaped within the scope of instrumentalist explanation: Social communication institutions such as communication and media are perceived as a very homogeneous structure and these institutions are directly considered as the apparatus of capital and capitalists. However, in this study, it is argued that in capitalist societies, communication, and media should be understood as a field and medium of class struggle loaded with contradictions. Another point is that the political economy of communication is mostly limited to media studies. However, in today's capitalist societies, the media is not the only structure and actor in which communication forms. In this study, communication practices in capitalist society are discussed in the context of class discussions and the relationship between class struggle, culture and communication is discussed.

Linguists on the move in the global Landscape?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unknown / not yet matched
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Job Market ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Space Compression

Abstract This paper focuses on the sociolinguistic effects of tightening job markets in applied linguistics, and situates the discussion within the time-space compression of late modernist capitalist enterprises using frameworks in the sociolinguistics of mobility, political economy and raciolinguistics. The paper focuses on single-utterance speech acts of reservation conspicuously invoked to frame the discourse of dissent on the part of committee members in high-stakes interview encounters. Focusing on locally-sourced data collected in a publicly-funded, U.S. university, the paper examines how macro-contexts of skill oversaturation in the job market serve to frame enactments of stance in these high-stakes interactional microcosms while pointing to novel epistemological trending in complexity, conviviality and cosmopolitan encounter.

Long-run relationship between investment and maintenance in local governments

Facilities ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnt O. Hopland
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Infrastructure

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to analyze the relationship between maintenance of existent and investment in new infrastructure in Norwegian local governments. Design/methodology/approach A reduced form vector autoregressive system is estimated using a 29-year-long panel data set for the Norwegian local governments. Findings The data reveal that increased investment in new infrastructure sparks little, if any, increase in maintenance. The results also indicate that increased maintenance expenditures spark new investments. Because more investments mean more infrastructure and adequate maintenance should give that investments are not caused by maintenance, the results suggest that the local governments have not optimized their maintenance scheduling in this period. Originality/value Even though maintenance and investment are large expenditures that both serve as inputs to the stock of infrastructure, little is known about the relationship between the two. The findings in this paper suggests that Norwegian local governments have not planned their maintenance and investments well in the past, and this can be part of the explanation as to why local public infrastructure in Norway is presently in poor condition.

LEISURE AND TOURISM – THE RELATIONSHIP AND CHANGES

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Niezgoda
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Space Compression ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Tourism Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. The article considers the role of leisure in the changing phenomenon of tourism. The relationship between leisure and tourism is analysed from the perspective of changes in the perception of time, including its division into free- and work-time, compression of time, moving away from so-called synchronization, and the changes resulting from growing affluence of developed societies and the accompanying growth of the services market (simultaneous development of “time-consuming” and “time-saving” services). In particular, the analysis explores the phenomenon of “time-space compression” with reference to two levels: general social processes and tourism as a leisure time filling activity. Method. A review of literature discussing leisure (free time) from the perspective of the tourism market, with the author’s interpretation. This is explorative research. Findings. The article demonstrates a reciprocal relationship between changes in the perception of leisure and development of tourist services and shows the impact of the changing character of leisure on consumer behaviour in general social terms and in tourism. Research limitations and conclusions. The study is exploratory in nature, and was used to identify changes of leisure issues from the perspective of the tourist market. Originality. The broad view on the relationship between leisure and tourism is presented, departing from a simple perspective showing that free time is merely a necessary and basiccondition for engaging in tourism. The author proposes a thesis that the relationship between leisure and tourism is multifaceted and reciprocal, and that the phenomenon of time-space compression is apparent not only at a general social level, but also during tourist travel. Practical implications. Interactions presented in the article, particularly concerning changing consumer needs and behaviour, can be utilized by tourism service providers to adjust their services to contemporary demand. Type of paper. This is a theoretical/review article.

Between Polite Economy and the Gift: Nineteenth-Century British Travelers and Persian Excess

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-160
Author(s):  
Niloofar Sarlati
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Modern Conception ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Ancien Régime

Abstract Nineteenth-century travelogues by British travelers to Persia commonly include warnings against “excessive” Persian politeness, casting it as flattery or deceit. While this pejorative representation of Persian cordiality is a token of British Orientalism, it also highlights the incompatible measures for pleasantries in Persia and Britain. This essay traces the competing economies of social courtesy in these two contexts: a desire for utmost calculability in the British market entailed a new conception of politeness, one more moderate and commercial; by contrast, Persian politeness operated through gift-giving and “extravagant” greetings and complimenting. While the former hinges on a “modern” conception of commerce, the latter pivots around the bargain entailed in gift-giving. (Mis)recognition and (mis)translation of Persian “excess” as the hypocrisy of the ancien régime in the travelogues, however, signpost a teleological fabrication of the past which urges a global circulation of the British notion of polite character.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Justine Buck Quijada
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Relationship

Applying J. L. Austin’s distinction between constative and performative speech to history-making offers terminology for studying how knowledge about the past is produced and wielded in the present. In drawing a distinction between a historical event as a constative fact and the performative effect of talking about that historical event in the present, scholars can identify historical genres. Just as literary genres are defined by chronotopes (the relationship between time, space, and the hero), so too historical genres can be defined by chronotopes. By indexing these chronotopes, ritual can work to situate people within time and space. In post-Soviet Buryatia, rituals become spaces where people can explore alternative chronotopes and re-evaluate the past. The chapter offers key background information and argues that the stakes of history are higher both in post-authoritarian contexts and among indigenous peoples.

Reciprocity and gift-giving logic in NPOs

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamberto Zollo ◽  
Guglielmo Faldetta ◽  
Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini ◽  
Cristiano Ciappei
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Organizational Responsiveness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate, through the lens of the gift-giving theory, volunteers’ motivations for intending to stay with organizations. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 379 volunteers from 30 charitable organizations operating in Italy’s socio-healthcare service sector. Bootstrapped mediation analysis was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings Volunteers’ reciprocal attitudes and gift-giving intentions partially mediated the relationship between motives and intentions to stay. Practical implications Policy makers of charitable organizations are advised to be more responsive to behavioral signals revealing volunteers’ motivations, attitudes, and intentions. Managers should appropriately align organizational responsiveness with volunteers’ commitment through gift-giving exchange systems. Originality/value The findings reveal that reciprocity and gift giving are significant organizational variables greatly influencing volunteers’ intentions to stay with organizations. Signaling theory is used to explain how volunteers’ attitudes are linked with organizational responsiveness. Furthermore, this study is the first to use an Italian setting to consider motives, reciprocity, and gift giving as they relate to intentions to stay.

scholarly journals Food and social identity: Rural lives that appear through food

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliziane Nicolodi Francescato RUIZ ◽  
Tatiana Engel GERHARDT
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Food And Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to analyze the interactions between food and identity by exploring the daily food eaten by a rural community. Under the gift theory view, the aim is to present readings concerning a rural identity that the research participants constituted through eating; this aim is premised on the assumption that analyzing the relationship between the identity of a group and eating becomes important because of the marked influence that belonging to a collective has in food. Methods An ethnographic approach was used including participant observation, field diary annotations, and interviews with 21 interlocutors. Results The activity of eating produced at least two categories that characterized rural identity: one marked by the stigma of the past, and the other by values that, above all, denote a reaction to stigma; a reaction to stigma is linked to the work that also sustains the honor of a family, the consumption of food/goods common in the city, inclusion in a larger society, and commitment to the collective. Conclusion Eating, in addition to the biological and individual, can also be apprehended as a complex and revealing sociocultural phenomenon, including ways of belonging to a group. With food a marked rural identity appears, mainly through reactions to stigmata.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document