scholarly journals The “Storms and Turns of History”: Emigration Narratives in the 20th Century in Polish and Hungarian History Textbooks

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832
Author(s):  
Nóra Szisz
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
National History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Current History

History textbooks are special sources, reflecting on the era in which they were published. They play a role in formation of national identity and shape students’ perception of the past and their relation to the present. Central Europe’s recent media have given considerable attention to emigration. How do history textbooks narrate migration? This paper explores how the current history textbooks in Hungary and Poland narrate mass emigration. Findings reveal several reasons for the mass migration named by the textbooks, which include a desire for improved economic and living conditions. The treatment of emigrant groups as transnational populations in both Hungarian and Polish narratives suggests that they are separated from their home country’s national history and in a way ‘step out’ of its flow – however, the narratives appearing in the Polish textbooks deal with the overall neglected groups in greater depth. In addition, this research explores how these textbooks treat these transnational populations.

Japan's History Textbooks Debate: National Identity in Narratives of Victimhood and Victimization

Asian Survey ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bukh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
National History ◽  
School History

This article examines the narratives of wartime victimhood and victimization in Japan's junior high school history textbooks in the early 1980s and in contemporary times from the perspective of national identity. Unlike most existing scholarship, this article argues that the narrative regarding the wartime suffering of the Japanese people can be seen as inducing a critical perspective on imperial wars and their disastrous impact on ordinary people. It also argues that contemporary narratives contest the notion of a monolithic Japanese identity and challenge Japan's monopoly over writing its own national history.

‘Een homo is minder verdacht dan een held’ : Literaire verbeeldingen van Michiel de Ruyter en het nationale-identiteitsdebat na 2001

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-194
Author(s):  
Marc van Zoggel
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
National History ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Historically, the glorification of the past and the eulogizing of national heroes in art and literature have been constructive elements in the process of nation building. In the postmodern era, however, a cultivation of national history and its great men and women is often regarded outdated or even suspect and regressive. The ‘nine eleven’ terrorist attacks in the United States and the rise and assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn intensified an ongoing debate in the Netherlands about the meaning and value of a shared ‘Dutch national identity’ in a multicultural, diversified society. In this article, I argue that several novels and poems about Dutch naval hero Michiel de Ruyter (1607-1676), published in or in the wake of the ‘De Ruyter year 2007’, both reproduce and challenge a wide range of voices, viewpoints and sentiments within the hot topic of national identity in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals The Great Patriotic War in Russian history textbooks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Moskwa
Keyword(s):  
History Textbooks ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian History ◽  
National History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Russian Education

The Great Patriotic War in Russian history textbooksThe topic of this article is presenting how the Great Patriotic War (GPW) is depicted in Russian national history textbooks. Here, I consider textbooks not only as a source of knowledge about the past times, but first and foremost as a tool to create the state’s historical policy. I examine the GPW, in turn, as a fundamental myth of the Russian society which—without any doubt—constitutes one of the main pillars of identity of modern Russians. Another subject of this study is the changes in Russian education that took place in 2013-2015, that is during the presidency of Vladimir Putin. In so doing, I focus primarily on the creation of the concept of a new educational and methodological complex for teaching national history and the introduction of new national history textbooks (the idea of the so-called “single textbook”). I strive to show in the article that the picture of the GPW in the new textbooks is mainly based on success—of the Red Army, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Soviet nation. Wielka Wojna Ojczyźniana w rosyjskich podręcznikach do historii ojczystejTematem niniejszego artykułu jest sposób przedstawiania Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej (WOW) w rosyjskich podręcznikach do historii ojczystej. Podręczniki traktuję przy tym nie tylko jako źródło wiedzy o czasach dawnych, lecz przede wszystkim jako narzędzie kreowania polityki historycznej państwa. WOW rozpatruję z kolei w kategoriach podstawowego mitu społeczeństwa rosyjskiego, który – ku czemu nie ma wątpliwości – stanowi jeden z podstawowych filarów tożsamości współczesnych Rosjan. Przedmiotem badań są także zmiany w rosyjskiej oświacie, które miały miejsce w latach 2013-2015, a zatem w trakcie prezydentury Władimira Putina. Skupiam się przy tym przede wszystkim na powstaniu koncepcji nowego kompleksu edukacyjno-metodycznego w zakresie nauczania historii ojczystej oraz wprowadzeniu nowych podręczników do historii ojczystej (idea tzw. „jednego podręcznika”). W artykule staram się pokazać, że obraz WOW w nowych podręcznikach oparty jest głównie na sukcesie – Armii Czerwonej, Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich i narodu sowieckiego.

scholarly journals ′Czech-Slovene′ musicians?: On the question of national identity in Slovene music at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century

Muzikologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Jernej Vajs
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Style

In this article, the author observes and discusses the questions of national identity in the context of Czech and Slovenian music at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. The Italian and German influences dominating Slovenian music in the past began from the mid 19th century onward to be replaced by predominantly Czech elements as the consequence of the numerous Czech musical immigration in Slovenia. Many of Czech musicians were naturalized in Slovenia and can therefore be included among Slovenian musicians. Although they actively supported the building of a Slovenian national style, they did not feel the need for the repeated ?esthetic evaluation of traditional frames.

scholarly journals Concepts of Belarusian History. I. From West-Russianism to National Myths and Post-Soviet Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-65
Author(s):  
Anton KRUTIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National History ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet School ◽  
National School ◽  
National Myths ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Republic

Among the alternative versions of the past there are several main models represented in the academic space and directly influencing public consciousness, public policy and internal political processes in the Republic of Belarus. Apart from the Soviet school of Belarusian history, these include West-Russianism, which views Belarus as an organic, yet distinctive, part of the Russian cultural and historical space, "Litvinism", and the Belarusian national school. The complex and dramatic nature of the formation of Belarusian statehood in the 20th century still determines the dominance of ambiguous, polar and sometimes mutually exclusive approaches to the study of national history.

History, Commemoration and National Preoccupation

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public History ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
History Writing ◽  
National History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
National Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Britain

This volume explores the commemoration of the Battle of Trafalgar and Admiral Lord Nelson's death over the past two centuries. It includes the celebrations of 2005, which saw hundreds of official, commercial, and popular events celebrating and commemorating the bicentenary of Trafalgar and the death of Nelson. Leading historians of Britain and France reflect critically on complex notions of remembrance, celebration, honouring, and commemoration. Taking historical snapshots of the commemoration of Nelson at his death, a century later in 1905, and in contemporary Britain, the contributors ask: who drives the commemoration of historical anniversaries and to what ends? Which Nelson, or Nelsons, have had a role in national memory over the past two centuries? And who identifies with Nelson today? Focusing on Britain, but looking also at imperial and French contexts, the papers consider how memoirs, history writing, visual and modern media and museums, and official and unofficial interests, contribute to keeping and shaping memory. As the changing manner of memorializing key moments in national history allows historians to study cultural meanings and interpretations of national identity, the contributors to this volume exhort the wider profession to engage critically with ‘public history’. This work is about the history of memory and commemoration and will be of interest those with general interests in naval, maritime, cultural and public history.

scholarly journals “Una imagen real de la Argentina”: Image-based Counter-narratives through the Walking Archive and the Project Hegemony

2013 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Elena Rosauro
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Image ◽  
Time Magazine ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
National History ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
The Military

<p>After the 1978 World Cup in Argentina, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz —then Minister of Economy under<br />the Military Dictatorship— promoted an initiative to publish an article in Time Magazine in which “a real image of Argentina would be given” —in the words of businessman Carlos Pedro Blaquier, strongly close to the military regime—. But who defines the extent of reality of an image? Who makes these “real images” and how do they articulate within the construction of national history and identity? Along this article, and departing from the construction of the past in Argentina through the “real images” produced within the economic and artistic institutions, we will examine the image-based counternarratives propounded by Eduardo Molinari through his Walking Archive and the collaborative project Hegemony. These two contemporary artistic projects focus mainly on the last decades of the 20th century in order to give visibility to the existent relations among economic groups, the military, politicians and the cultural system in Argentina. These relations have provided legitimacy to certain processes of construction of “real” narratives and also to certain artistic practices, while rejecting others.</p>

scholarly journals Why national narratives are perpetuated: A literature review on new insights from history textbook research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grever ◽  
Tina van der Vlies
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
National History ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Textbook Research ◽  
The Masses

National narratives have often served to mobilize the masses for war by providing myths and distorted interpretations of the past, while conversely wars were major sources for producing national narratives. Because national history is very likely to remain a central topic in history education, albeit in ways that differ from how the topic was used fifty years ago, it is important to gain a greater understanding of the underlying structures and mechanisms of these narratives in history textbooks. After outlining the historical interconnectedness of the emerging nation states and history teaching, this review article explains the complexity of the history textbook as an educational resource. Next, we identify some current problems and challenges in history textbook research. We continue by discussing promising research trends related mainly to national narratives, such as the analysis of images, the use of digital tools, and studies of the autonomy of textbook narratives and of history textbooks in relation to other media. Another recent reorientation is textbook research that uses a holistic approach . By this we mean studies that examine the history textbook as a whole: composition, periodization, visual intertextuality and chapters that do not at first glance appear to focus on national history. These studies offer new insights and explanations for the perpetuation of national narratives in history textbooks.

scholarly journals OÙ SITUER LE GRATTE-CIEL DE LJUBLJANA? L’HISTOIRE DES RÉGIONS E L’EDX-YOUGOSLAVIE DANS LES MANUELS SLOVÈNES D’HISTOIRE AU XXe SIÈCLE

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marko Štuhec
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Schools ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
South Slavs ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Ideology

WHERE TO LOCATE THE LJUBLJANA SKY-SCRAPER? HISTORY OF THE REGIONS OF FORMER YUGOSLAVIA IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS USED IN SLOVENIA IN THE 20TH CENTURY The paper deals with the presentation and interpretation of history of the regions of ex-Yugoslavia in history textbooks for comprehensive schools used on the territory of present-day Slovenia between 1911 and 2012. The textbooks are an important brick in the construction of collective memory. Their authors are obliged to consider the results of historical science and the age of the pupils as well as the dominating ideologies and cultural values. The latter was all the more important because of the succession of several states and political regimes on the territory of present-day Slovenia during the 20th century and because of profound transformations of Slovenian society. The analysis shows that pupils who went to school between 1920 and 2000 could have gained good knowledge of the past and culture of South Slavs, whereas knowledge provided by textbooks written thereafter is scarce and reduced to the political vicissitudes of the 20th century. The paper identifies major ideologies and suppositions that underlay the presentation and interpretation of certain topics in the textbooks: the national ideology, the feeling of historical injustice, the ideology of the Yugoslav integralism, the ideology of brotherhood and unity, the socialist ideology and the ideology of the reintegration in Europe. Keywords: history textbooks, Slovene comprehensive schools, Yugoslavs, dominant ideologies, cultural values

Cosmetic Allergen in the Past and Present

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
World War ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Cosmetic Dermatitis ◽  
Facial Dermatitis ◽  
International Research Project

For almost 20 years after the end of World War II, many Japanese women were challenged by a dark secondary hyper pigmentation on their faces. The causation of this condition was unknown and incurable at the time. However this symptom became curable after a number of new cosmetic allergens were discovered through patch tests and as an aftermath, various cosmetics and soaps that eliminated all these allergens were put into production to be used exclusively for these patients. An international research project conducted by seven countries was set out to find out the new allergens and discover non-allergic cosmetic materials. Due to these efforts, two disastrous cosmetic primary sensitizers were banned and this helped to decrease allergic cosmetic dermatitis. Towards the end of the 20th century, the rate of positives among cosmetic sensitizers decreased to levels of 5% - 8% and have since maintained its rates into the 21th century. Currently, metal ions such as the likes of nickel have been identified as being the most common allergens found in cosmetics and cosmetic instruments. They often produce rosacea-like facial dermatitis and therefore allergen controlled soaps and cosmetics have been proved to be useful in recovering normal skin conditions.

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