scholarly journals Activities of the Theosophical Society and the Order of the Star in the East in the Czech Lands until 1939

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Józef Szymeczek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Star Order ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study shows the penetration of the Theosophical movement into Austro-Hungarian territory, highlighting this process in the Czech lands from the end of the 19th century. It also examines the development of the Theosophical movement in the territory of Czechoslovakia during the interwar period, and analyses the conflict that occurred in the Theosophical circles as the result of accepting or rejecting the teachings of Jiddu Krishnamurti, recognised as the manifestation of Majtreja, but also as the expected Messiah. The analysis also considers the activities of the Star Order in the East, which was founded for the purpose of spreading the teachings of Krishnamurti.

Historia leksemu "badylarz" (na marginesie prac nad "Wielkim słownikiem języka polskiego PAN")

Język Polski ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jakub Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article explores the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the lexical unit "badylarz" (‘vegetable gardener’). The author challenges the generally accepted opinions about its history, making use of data from dictionaries, digital libraries and corpora of the Polish language. It is commonly believed that the word came into existence during the PRL era and belonged to the typical elements of the discourse of communist propaganda. An analysis of the collected data showed that the word "badylarz" existed as far back as the second half of the 19th century. Originally, it was a neutral lexeme, but in the interwar period it became one of the offensive names of class enemies, often used in left-wing newspapers. After the war, negative connotations of the word were disseminated through literature and popular culture. Nowadays, "badylarz" functions as the lexical exponent of cultural memory of communist times.

Ke stereotypu zobrazování Turka ve starší české literatuře

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Michaela Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
The 19Th Century

The text is a reflection of a well-researched professional publication by Tomáš Rataj České země ve stínu půlměsíce (Czech Lands in the Shadow of the Crescent, 2002). After a multilateral acknowledgement of the book, the author fills in relevant items written by some of the staff of the Faculty of Arts MU, some of which were published only after the publication of Rataj’s work. Additionally, she refines, with reference to the study of Jan Kumpera (1994), the existence of a translation of the Bible into Turkish initiated by Comenius, namely its printing in the 19th century. At the end, the author mentions her personal teaching activities on the topic in the context of the honoured person of Jan Zouhar’s personality as a pedagogical ideal.

Lessons from the past: capital markets during the 19th century and the interwar period

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Fishlow
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Sudden Collapse

On Friday, 13 August 1982, Finance Minster Jesus Silva Herzog of Mexico made a series of visits to the International Monetary Fund, the Federal Reserve, and the U.S. Treasury. His message to each was the same: Mexico could no longer continue to service its debt. Thus began a dramatic weekend of negotiations that marked the end of the preceding decade's buoyant expansion of developing country debt and the start of a still continuing response to the sudden collapse.

scholarly journals The Conflicts of Identity: Nationalism in Post-Yugoslavian Macedonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article looks at the challenges faced by Macedonia in creating a national identity since independence. After briefly reviewing the region’s history since the 7th century, the revolt for independence at the end of the 19th century, the interwar period when it was part of Serbia, and the Yugoslav era when Macedonia first attained a separate political existence, the article addresses the challenges the Slav Macedonians faced in creating an identity for the new state. Some of those challenges came from Serbia and Bulgaria, which claimed that the Macedonian Slavs were actually part of their respective nations, and from Greece, which objected to the symbols and the name they had adopted. The greatest resistance inside Macedonia to an exclusively Slavic national identity, however, came from the Albanian community, located mainly in the eastern reaches of the country and in Skopje. An unwillingness to share power or to make concessions by the Slav nationalists eventually resulted in armed insurrection by the Albanians in 2001. Though the Ohrid Accords signed the same year ended the fighting, tension between the two communities has continued on and off until the present, despite some examples of peaceful coexistence.

scholarly journals Jewish public libraries in interwar Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Monika Biesaga
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Interwar Poland ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article presents the genesis and the organizational structure of the Jewish public libraries (also referred to as secular or modern in the literature) in interwar Poland (1918-1939). The origins of these institutions date back to the 19th century and are associated with the Haskalah movement. Due to the strong opposition of the Orthodox Jews and local authorities, the majority of the first libraries were established secretly and run illegally on private premises. Against what were then the odds, progress prevailed and the libraries flourished in the interwar period. In 1937 it was estimated that there were approximately 1,000 Jewish public libraries in Poland.  

scholarly journals Fra bondedans til karakterstykke for klaver. Musik i et proprietærlignende miljø i mellemkrigstiden

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Henrik Koudal
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Character Pieces ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Musical Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Struggle ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although squires, proprietors and larger farmers played an important cultural andpolitical role in Denmark between 1870 and 1940, only very little is know about musicin their private homes in the countryside. The article is a perspective of musical lifeon the farm Torpelund in Northwest Zealand during the interwar period. It examinesa previously unresearched aspect of Danish music culture in the 20th century on thebasis of comprehensive source studies and a contemplation of forms of music and cultureswithin that spectrum, of which the researched subject matter forms a part. Thecore of this is an in-depth analysis of the publication Gamle Danse fra Nordvestsjælland(Old Dances from Northwest Zealand), 1–3 (1923–28). It was created and used at Torpelundin a cooperation between two siblings from the farm, namely folklore collectorand columnist Christian Olsen, who collected and published the melodies, and thepianist Christiane Rützou, who put them to piano. The publication is a key to understandingthe importance of music in the environment at Torpelund.The article characterises the cultural transformation, which these dance melodiesunderwent from string and brass accompanied peasant dances that were played by thefather of the two siblings in Northwest Zeland in the 19th century to becoming pianopieces in the living rooms of the larger farms during the interwar period. With themusical analysis, the author would like to develop analytical grips on this type of repertoireused, which respect the musical characteristics of these repertoires. The studydiscusses the special nature of Christiane Rützou’s piano arrangements and comparesthem with a couple of Louis Glass’ rural pieces, which the composer and his wife performedthemselves at Torpelund. Is this dance music, educational teaching material,popular music or romantic character pieces? The answer is that Christiane Rützou’s piano arrangements merge elements from popular dance music with romantic pianomusic of the 19th century in a special way.For Christian Olsen, the dance version was part of a conservative cultural struggle,which at one and the same time desired to oppose the introduction of modern Americandancing while creating progressive, cheerful music to be used by farmers andlarger landowners. He wanted to transform the old dance music of the peasants in orderto preserve the values of the farmer and proprietary culture.

The Jewish Gymnastics in the Czech Lands until 1918

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Roman Šinkovský
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Jewish Gymnastics in the Czech Lands until 1918 In the second half of the 19th century there was a significant change in the club's life and physical activities in the Habsburger Monarchy. The German gymnastics system (Turnbewegung) was the strongest one with regions, subregions and clubs in every smaller city. But towards the end of the 19th century the uprising of anti-Semitic attitude Jews started to flee or they were made to leave this organization. They built their own organization with similar ideology and structure. Nevertheless, its influence and importance was rather marginal. Although we could find areas where Jewish gymnastics had its steady position within the community. The Czech lands belonged among the leading territories within the Jewish Gymnastics Organization (Jüdische Turnbewegung).

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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