scholarly journals Development of Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Chemical Accident in Terrestrial Ecosystem: (2) Focusing on the Herbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 610-622
Author(s):  
Yooeun Chae ◽  
Lia Kim ◽  
Rongxue Cui ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Youn-Joo An
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Assessment Techniques

Objective:As the industry rapidly develops in modern society, the use of chemicals increases and people and various organism living in terrestrial environments are exposed to these chemicals in large quantities. Chemical accidents frequently occur around the world, and these accidents could cause fatal damage to the terrestrial ecosystem. When the terrestrial ecosystem is exposed to highly toxic chemicals, soil functions as well as living organisms in the terrestrial ecosystem could be severely damaged. Countermeasures against chemical accidents and chemicals are required to prevent such damage and for this purpose, systematic vulnerability assessment techniques should be developed to prepare terrestrial ecosystem management for chemical accidents. For this purpose, this study is conducted to develop chemical vulnerability assessment techniques based on biological characteristics of plants.Method:First, we selected 215 species among herb plants according to the domestic distribution and establish various vulnerability indicators that can be evaluated according to the exposure and recovery categories.Results and Discussion:As a result of vulnerability scoring for 215 herbs species, the most vulnerable species were Humulus japonicus, Linum usitatissimum, Psilotum nudum, Trigonotis peduncularis, and Lamium amplexicaule. The least vulnerable species were Miscanthus sinensis, Dactylis glomerata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, and Polygonum filiforme.Conclusions:Terrestrial ecosystem is a main stage of human activity, so there is a high risk of chemical accidents as a large amount of chemicals are used. By utilizing this terrestrial ecosystem vulnerability assessment proposed in this study, we can prioritize the vulnerability of chemicals on the terrestrial ecosystem and use this technique to manage chemical accidents and chemicals and prepare countermeasures.

scholarly journals Development of Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Chemical Accident in Terrestrial Ecosystem:(1) Focusing on the Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Yooeun Chae ◽  
Rongxue Cui ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Lia Kim ◽  
Youn-Joo An
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Accident

Objective:With rapid industrial development, human and the environment are frequently exposed to various chemicals. In particular, there is a possibility that terrestrial ecosystems as well as humans are exposed to a large amount of highly toxic chemicals due to accidents occurring frequently in Korea and abroad. If a large amount of chemicals enter the terrestrial ecosystem due to an accident such as a chemical leakage, the terrestrial ecosystem around the accident site may be affected and these chemicals may impair not only a living organisms, but also the function of terrestrial environment, the habitat of the organisms. The aim of this study is to develop methodology for vulnerability assessment of chemical accident in terrestrial ecosystem.Method:First, we selected 41 forest tree species and 41 shrubs among woody plants according to the domestic distribution and establish various vulnerability indicators that can be evaluated according to the exposure and recovery categories.Results and Discussion:As a result of vulnerability scoring for 41 forest tree species and 41 shrubs, most vulnerable species were <i>Daphniphyllum macropodum, Lindera obtusiloba, Juniperus rigida, Diospyros lotus,</i> and <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> in forest trees and <i>Zanthoxylum piperitum, Cephalotaxus koreana, Forsythia koreana, Cycas revoluta,</i> and <i>Lespedeza maximowiczii</i> in shrubs.Conclusions:This study quantified the vulnerability of trees to chemical accidents by adding them and assigning them according to their characteristics. We expect that the risk of chemicals caused by chemical accidents occurring in these days and the exposure of chemicals to the environment can be assessed in terms of ecological perspective using the assessment of vulnerability of terrestrial ecosystems proposed in this study.

Research on Decontamination of Chemical Accident Disposal to Reduce the Harm to the Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Wang ◽  
Bing Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Object Surface ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Toxic Gas ◽  
Secondary Disasters

Toxic and harmful substances can pollute the air and object surface after chemical accidents. Toxic gas is omnipresent in the contaminated zone and poisonous liquid can penetrate into the depth of surface caused by pollution. This will last for a few hours, more than a few days, months or even longer, the ecological environment will be seriously polluted. So the efficient and fast decontamination is needed after chemical accident, decontamination work is an important part of chemical accident disposal work, which can prevent chemical accidents secondary disasters effectively.

A Survey on the State of the Art of Vulnerability Assessment Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Eva Sotos Martínez ◽  
Nora M. Villanueva ◽  
Lilian Adkinson Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Assessment Techniques

scholarly journals Influence of Evacuation Policy on Clearance Time under Large-Scale Chemical Accident: An Agent-Based Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9442
Author(s):  
Minjun Kim ◽  
Gi-Hyoug Cho
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Chemical Accident

Large-scale chemical accidents that occur near areas with large populations can cause significant damage not only to employees in a workplace but also to residents near the accident site. Despite the increasing frequency and severity of chemical accidents, few researchers have argued for the necessity of developing scenarios and simulation models for these accidents. Combining the TRANSIMS (Transportation Analysis and Simulation System) agent-based model with the ALOHA (Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres) dispersion model, this study aims to develop a modeling framework for simulating emergency evacuations in response to large-scale chemical accidents. The baseline accident scenario assumed the simultaneous leakage of toxic chemicals from industrial complexes near residential areas. The ALOHA model results showed that approximately 60% of residents in the scenario’s city were required to evacuate their homes. The majority of evacuees completed their evacuations within 5 h in the baseline scenario (evacuating maximum number of private vehicles without any intervention), while the distribution of the population and street network density caused geographical variability in clearance time. Clearance time can be significantly reduced by changing both the evacuees’ behaviors and the evacuation policy, which suggests the necessity for proper public intervention when the mass evacuation of residents is required due to chemical accidents.

scholarly journals Development and Verification of a Risk Index for Evaluating the Chemical Accident Risk of Korean Chemical Enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4409
Author(s):  
Saemi Shin ◽  
Sang-Hoon Byeon ◽  
Jong-Ryeul Sohn ◽  
Kyong Whan Moon
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Current System ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Incident Rate

The scale of the damage due to chemical accidents in Korea is significant, and appropriate preparation and response are required. Currently, Korean enterprises are managed on the basis of the presence of certain substances. However, chemicals other than these also cause chemical accidents. It is necessary to develop a relative ranking risk index that can be calculated through use of the chemical enterprise information on chemical enterprises that is available. The Korean chemical accident risk index (KCARI), which consists of the flammability, reactivity, explosiveness, corrosiveness, toxicity, and inventory sub-indices, was developed and verified by determining the for difference in KCARI was performed by accident, and accident severity category, calculating the correlation between the KCARI values, the factors, and some sub-indices, determining how an increase in the KCARI would impact how the incident rate changed as KCARI increased and how well the KCARI can predict the chemical accident risk of chemical handling enterprises, and confirming the consistency of the proposed index and the current system. These results indicated that the frequency and severity of chemical accidents, and the presence of accidental substances, showed significant differences in the KCARI values. However, there were limitations in the ability of the fitted model to precisely predict the accident. Thus, this model can be used as a tool for the early screening and management of enterprises with a high risk of chemical accident.

scholarly journals Feasibility Evaluation of Designated Quantities for Chemicals Requiring Preparation for Accidents in the Korean Chemical Accident Prevention System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Mun Seob Ahn ◽  
Hyo Eun Lee ◽  
Kwang Soo Cheon ◽  
Huoung Gi Joo ◽  
Bu-Soon Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Methyl Ethyl ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Chemical Accident ◽  
Prevention System

To prevent chemical accidents, the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Korea operate legal systems, such as risk management plans (RMP) and process safety management (PSM), to prevent chemical accidents inside and outside the workplace. The duty to implement chemical accident prevention systems and the criteria for being a target workplace are dependent on the designated quantities of chemicals handled. A chemical accident prevention system is obligatory for storage and handling of legally declared chemicals in the workplace. Benzene, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate are all flammable materials that are commonly used as solvents in the chemical industry. These substances are grouped into flammable substances groups in the US and the EU, and are managed with the same designated quantities. However, in Korea, the designated quantities are: benzene, 10,000 kg; toluene, xylene, and methyl ethyl ketone, 200,000 kg; and ethyl acetate, 20,000 kg. In order to evaluate the validity of the chemical quantities, fire explosion scenarios during chemical accidents were modeled using two modeling programs, Areal Location of Hazardous Atmosphere (ALOHA) and Korea Off-Site Risk Assessment Supporting Tool (KORA) software, under the same conditions. Similar damage radii were found for the five flammable materials with both pool fires and vapor cloud explosions (VCE). Based on these damage radii, the designated quantities of five substances were calculated and included in the range (10,000 to 13,500 kg). The results show that current designated quantities underestimate chemical substances, and for the prevention of accidents and post-management after chemical accidents, it is necessary to manage flammable substances under one grouping.

scholarly journals Chemical and radiological vulnerability assessment in urban areas

Spatium ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozidar Stojanovic ◽  
Milena Jovasevic-Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Chemical Accidents ◽  
Major Chemical

Cities and towns are faced with various types of threat from the extraordinary events involving chemical and radiological materials as exemplified by major chemical accidents, radiological incidents, fires, explosions, traffic accidents, terrorist attacks, etc. On the other hand, many sensitive or vulnerable assets exist within cities, such as: settlements, infrastructures, hospitals, schools, churches, businesses, government, and others. Besides emergency planning, the land use planning also represents an important tool for prevention or reduction of damages on people and other assets due to unwanted events. This paper considers development of method for inclusion vulnerability assessment in land use planning with objective to assess and limit the consequences in cities of likely accidents involving hazardous materials. We made preliminary assessment of criticality and vulnerability of the assets within Belgrade city area in respect to chemical sites and transportation roads that can be exposed to chemical accidents, or terrorist attacks.

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