The Current State of Management and Disposal of Wastes Related to COVID-19 : A review

Objectives : This paper summarizes effective waste management and disposal methods for plastic and medical wastes during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic.Methods : We reviewed the literatures reporting and identifying the current status and characteristics of wastes related to COVID-19, and the management and treatment guidelines for those wastes. We also investigated various technologies for waste treatment and disposal, and assessed the current status and future direction of the technologies in Korea.Results and Discussion : In the first half of 2020 in Korea, the amount of plastic waste produced had increased by 15.6% year-on-year, and medical waste production also increased significantly from 0.6 ton in January 2020 to 2,928 ton in August 2021. All of the infectious wastes are currently being incinerated in Korea, but there are concerns on air pollutant emissions and insufficient treatment facilities. Municipal solid waste also suffers from a lack of landfill capacity and low price competitiveness in the recycling industry.Conclusions : Policy and system need to be improved to reduce the infectious waste generation from the sources, and treatment and disposal technologies for produced wastes also need to be developed. Furthermore, hospitals and health care facilities should establish their own waste reducing systems which may include chemical treatment and sterilization units.

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Chimney Filter Model Wet Scrubber to Reduce Air Pollutant Emissions on the Incinerator

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn50201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

Hurip Jayadi ◽

Frida Hendrarinata ◽

Beny Suyanto ◽

Sunaryo Sunaryo

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Filter Design ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Particulate Emission ◽

Filter Model ◽

Infectious Waste

In general, inpatient health care facilities produce infectious and non-infectious waste 0.3 mᶟ / day. Non-infectious waste that is burned in an incinerator without a chimney filter, can cause particles, CO, SO2, NOx (air pollutants) and cause environmental pollution. This study aims to make a chimney filter design with a Scrubber model on an incinerator at the Public Health Center, Maospati District, Magetan Regency to reduce the amount of air pollutants emitted. This type of research is experimental research. This research designed a particle trapping device, gas by spraying water into the scrubber. The independent variable of this research was the variation of the water flow sprayed in the scrubber (3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute). The dependent variables of this study were particles, SO2, NOx, CO. Data collection using a digital gas detector method in the form of a UV spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed descriptively, in the form of frequency distribution, and percentage, presentation of data in a table based on air emission quality standards from thermal waste processing. The results illustrate that the use of a chimney scrubber filter with water spraying 3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute can reduce air pollutants, emission of SO2, CO to below the air quality standard. In addition, this tool can also reduce NOx gas and particles, but not yet below the quality standard. The conclusion from the results of this study is particulate emission air pollutants, gas SO2, CO, NOx. the incinerator can be lowered by modifying variations by spraying water 3.2 liters / minute, 4 liters / minute, 5.6 liters / minute on the chimney scrubber filter on the incinerator. Keywords: incinerator; scrubber; water discharge variations; particle; gas

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Infectious Waste Treatment and Disposal Alternatives

Infection Control ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-5724-7_11 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 159-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence G. Doucet

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Infectious Waste ◽

Treatment And Disposal

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Air Pollution Control and its Impacts on Coal Use

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/014459878800600605 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 447-464

Author(s):

Jan Vernon

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

National Policy ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Current Status ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Federal Republic Of Germany ◽

Capital Costs

Over the last decade, environmental concerns have played an increasing role in energy decision making, from siting of new energy facilities to national policy changes, such as Sweden's decision to phase out nuclear power. Concern about atmospheric pollution from fossil fuel combustion, reflected in increasingly strict emission limits, has imposed additional costs and technical demands on coal-fired plants. Estimates from the Federal Republic of Germany, the USA and the OECD indicate that air pollution control can account for a third of the capital costs for a new coal-fired power plant. This article outlines the current status of regulations on air pollutant emissions from coal-fired plants, describes action being taken to meet regulations and its potential impacts on coal utilisation. The article focuses on sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which have seen major recent developments in regulations and control methods.

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E-Waste: Current Research and Future Perspective on Developing Countries

International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management ◽

10.24002/ijieem.v1i2.3214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

L. Halim ◽

Y. Suharyanti

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Electrical Equipment ◽

Literature Survey ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Future Research ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Waste Production ◽

Open Access Journals ◽

Specific Country

Increase of population, purchasing power, and development of technology give consequence to Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) or e-waste generation. Increasing rate of e-waste production and its hazardous content raise the concern regarding e-waste. This paper aims to describe the research development on e-waste in various countries and propose the perspective of future research. The study based on literature survey in open access journals using ‘e-waste’ as the keyword. Article selection was done by considering the reputability of the source and cited frequency. From the articles reviewed, China contributed to most of the researches. Some of most studied topic namely e-waste management, e-waste impact to human health and environment and current status of e-waste treatment in specific country. Brief explanation on each topic and insight on future research are also provided.

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Primary air pollutant emissions of coal-fired power plants in China: Current status and future prediction

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.021 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (36) ◽

pp. 8442-8452 ◽

Cited By ~ 318

Author(s):

Y ZHAO ◽

S WANG ◽

L DUAN ◽

Y LEI ◽

P CAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Prediction

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Air pollutant emissions from fossil fuel consumption in China: Current status and future predictions

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 ◽

pp. 117536

Author(s):

Yan Lu ◽

Min Shao ◽

Chenghang Zheng ◽

Haibo Ji ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Current Status ◽

Fossil Fuel Consumption

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Multimedia waste auditing in Hungary: a waste minimization feasibility study for a metal plating facility

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0242 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 233-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. R. Halloran ◽

T. E. Higgins ◽

G. Mikéta

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Economic Life ◽

Waste Minimization ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Chemical Production ◽

Foreign Investors ◽

Metal Plating ◽

Waste Production ◽

Treatment And Disposal

Multimedia waste audits of three industries that generate significant quantities of waste and are vital to the future economic life of Hungary were performed by CH2M HILL; VRF (The Institute for Environment and Safety in the Chemical and Explosives Industry); and Post, Buckley, Schuh, and Jernigan (PBS&J). The industries were tanning, chemical production, and metal plating (galvanic). The seven plants selected for the audits were given detailed questionnaires concerning their manufacturing processes, waste production, energy consumption, and waste treatment and disposal practices. The plants were then visited, and the staff were interviewed. The results of the audits were general waste minimization strategies for the seven plants and detailed waste minimization feasibility plans for two of the plants. The plans included cost estimates for the waste minimization recommendations. The results of the audits were used by the Hungarian Ministry of Industry and Trade to provide potential foreign investors with information on how best to invest in these companies to modernize them and reduce their environmental risks and costs.

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