E-Waste: Current Research and Future Perspective on Developing Countries

Increase of population, purchasing power, and development of technology give consequence to Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) or e-waste generation. Increasing rate of e-waste production and its hazardous content raise the concern regarding e-waste. This paper aims to describe the research development on e-waste in various countries and propose the perspective of future research. The study based on literature survey in open access journals using ‘e-waste’ as the keyword. Article selection was done by considering the reputability of the source and cited frequency. From the articles reviewed, China contributed to most of the researches. Some of most studied topic namely e-waste management, e-waste impact to human health and environment and current status of e-waste treatment in specific country. Brief explanation on each topic and insight on future research are also provided.

THE EFFECT OF FIDGETING ON STUDENT CONCENTRATION LEVELS

Concentration is the ability needed to solve a problem. Students in learning also need concentration (DePorter et al., 2010). Unfortunately students have difficulty concentrating on doing a job. To help concentrate, students play pen, spin coins, play cellphones and other fun activities. To meet this goal, an agitated repellent device such as fidget spinner and fidget cube was made (Plafke, 2016). The benefits of spinner fidget for increasing concentration are still questionable (Schecter et al., 2017). Therefore, quantitative research is needed to prove the claim that fidget spinner can increase concentration. Unfortunately there is currently no quantitative research that tests the effectiveness of these tools to increase short-term memory. The concentration level of a person can be measured using the Stroop test. Stroop tests utilize primitive cognitive operations, offering clues to the basic process of attention. The variable studied is Reaction Time for Correct Answer (RTCA), which is the amount of reaction time in answering correctly divided by the number of correct answers. The results of this study are: the use of fidget spinner does not have a significant effect on differences in the results of measurement of RTCA. The use of fidget spinner does not provide a significant difference in average error between not using fidget spinner and using fidget spinner.

Different Impact of Critic’s and Fellow Customer’s Score at Online Review Aggregator on Customer Purchase Intention in Motion Picture Industry

The Motion picture industry is somehow a unique industry when compared to other industries. Ticket prices for all films are the same, because of that price is not the main variable in decision making for watching a film. A review can become one of the most powerful variable when choosing which film to watch by the customer. Other than that, different from other industries and products, reviews that come in the form of narrative and detailed expositions tend to be avoided by customers because it will ruin the satisfaction of watching films activity due to leakage of information from the film plot and storyline. One that can be an aid for film customer is online review aggregator’s score that accumulated from a bunch of scores that are given from either critics or fellow customer and it made online review aggregator viewed as a more objective reviewer. This study aims to find whose review at the online review aggregator website will be more influential on customer purchase intention of Indonesia’s moviegoers. Data of 220 Indonesia’s millennial generation were retrieved and analyzed during the research. This research finds out that customers in Indonesia can be influenced by score or rating that comes from online review aggregator, an equally good review from critics and customer can increase customer purchase intention and vice versa. Furthermore, customer’s score or rating is the one more influential by a small margin compared to the score from critics.

THE ERGONOMIC ELDERLY GYM IMPROVING PHYSICAL FITNESS AND INCREASING THE BONE MASS OF THE ELDERLY

The public is increasingly aware of the importance of exercise for the elderly because exercise is an option to reduce complaints due to setbacks and improve the health of the elderly. In fact the implementation in the field is often wrong as in Banjar Benaya which implements routine exercises only once a week with a duration less than 30 minutes, does not pay attention to nutritional needs, does not use sports clothing, and displays that are not clear. The measurement of elderly physical fitness is still relatively low. Based on these problems, improvements were made to the application of ergonomic elderly gymnastics due to improve elderly’s physical fitness and increase the bone mass. This study used a treatment by subject design conducted in April 2017-August 2018. The target population was all elderly in Denpasar and the affordable population was determined by multistage random sampling then selected Banjaya Benaya Peguyangan Village with a sample of 20 people who met the inclusion criteria. The data collection were physical fitness and bone mass. The difference in treatment effects were analyzed using a Paired Sample t-Test with α = 0.05 for data with normal distribution and Wilcoxon test, α = 0.05 for data with abnormal distribution. Data showed that there were differences in physical fitness improvement in Period I and Period II after 8 weeks of gymnastics at 43.43% with very bad categories being bad, the difference in increase in whole body bone mass was 16.76% and leg bone mass 68.67%. Analysis of Paired Sample-t-Test physical fitness data and Wilcoxon test for bone mass data in Period I and Period II after gymnastics for 8 weeks, found that there was a significant difference (p <0.05). It can be concluded that ergonomic elderly gym can significantly improve physical fitness and increase bone mass of the elderly. It is recommended that the elderly continue to exercise with a duration of 30-45 minutes, the frequency of 3 times a week to maintain elderly’s physical fitness.

Proposed Modified Clarke-Wright Saving Algorithm for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem

A multi-objective distribution routing algorithm by using modified Clarke and Wright Saving algorithm is presented. The problem to solve is to deliver loads to a number of outlets based load requirement. The objective function to minimize is the distance saving and traveling time of the resulted route started from depot to the outlets and return to the original depot. Problem to solve is generating a distribution route in a week considering traffic condition for each day. The original Clarke and Wright saving algorithm is modified such that the resulted routes (from a depot to some outlets) accommodates some constraints such as the maximum allowable traveling time, maximum number of delivery shifts, and maximum number of vehicles. The algorithm is applied to a distributor company with nine outlets, two vehicles, and two delivery shifts. In addition, the traffic condition on the outlet-to-outlet and the depot-to-outlet routes is considered. The simulation of the proposed algorithm shows that the algorithm can generate routes that comply with shift’s maximum delivery time and the vehicles’ capacities.

Low Carbon Economic Production Quantity Model for Imperfect Quality Deteriorating Items

This paper presents an economic production quantity (EPQ) model for deteriorating items with a certain percentage of defective products due to an imperfect process. The defective products are sold to a secondary market at a discount price. Due to environmental concern and carbon tax regulation, the manufacturer incorporates the control of carbon emission cost into its decision model. Carbon emission cost is a function of electricity consumption during production and inventory storage; it is also dependent on the carbon tax rate. Since the production process results in work-in-process inventory and carbon emission, the study tries to optimize the throughput time. We also examine the effect of carbon tax regulation on the potential emission reduction from the developed deteriorating item model. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis have been provided, and the result confirms the influence of carbon tax regulation in reducing carbon emission.

Interpretative Structural Modelling for Determining Dominant Success Criteria of Information System (IS) Success at Handycraft SMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The purpose of this research paper is to determine the dominant criteria of Information System (IS) success specific to handcraft SMEs in Yogyakarta and to establish relationship among those criteria using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). A small portion of those SMEs have started using information system. However, they face several barriers to successfully implement the information system. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the success of information system implementation. But, no study has been done regarding the measurement IS success specific to handcraft SMEs in Yogyakarta. This research involved interview-based surveys and ISM approach to determine the dominant criteria of IS success of SMEs in Yogyakarta context. In total, 16 SMEs were involved as research objects in this research. In this research, four cluster of SME have been identified and the modified IS Success model for each cluster was developed accordingly. The modified model for each cluster has 14, 20, 16 and 30 criteria respectively. Through ISM, a relationship model among the criteria for each model was also obtained. It was concluded that “ease of use”, “ease of learning”, and “data accuracy” are significant criteria of IS Success model in SMEs in Yogyakarta. These criteria are considered as the dominant criteria to implement information system successfully. In addition, the desired results of successful implementation is represented by “improved outcomes”.

Inventory Policy for Dependent Demand Where Parent Demand Has Decreasing Pattern

When a product reaches its maturity in its life cycle, some innovations have to be put in that product in order to lengthen its life cycle. Otherwise, that product will be perceived as obsolete. It might affect the demand of that product i.e. the demand become decreasing. Based on the observation that we conducted over two smart phone brands, the phenomena that the demand has declining pattern really happened in the real situation. In addition, the observation shows that the product life cycle is getting shorter. This implies that the manufacturer has to deal with decreasing demand more often. A case study is presented in this paper, in which manufacturer experienced final product with decreasing demand pattern. Some lot sizing techniques, such as Lot for Lot, Silver Meal 1, Silver Meal 2, Least Unit Cost, Part Period Balancing, and Incremental, are tested to solve the inventory policy for both final product (parent) and its components (child). It is concluded that a company should not consider only one component or one level whenever deciding the inventory policy, i.e. production lot size. It is shown by the case study that the best lot sizing technique for a particular parent of product whenever the company only consider the parent is different with the best lot sizing technique whenever the company consider the parent and its child. For the case presented, it is shown that the smallest total cost of parent and child is most likely occurred whenever Silver Meal 2 lot sizing technique is applied in the parent with decreasing demand pattern.

Does Customer Satisfaction Really Lead Company to Financial Success? A Review and Meta-analysis

All the theories about market and marketing research, customer relationship management, and business in general, believe that customer satisfaction is one of the main factors for company financial success. However, a survey on 64 studies shows a wide variation of the correlation between customer satisfaction and financial performance. The correlation coefficients are varied from -0.256 to 0.899. This study applies a meta-analysis on those 64 studies’ findings to find the true correlation between customer satisfaction and financial performance. The analysis clusters the 64 studies based on year of research, business category observed, and geographical area of research. The result shows that the correlation between customer satisfaction and financial performance is relatively high (0.525) before 1990, becomes confusing (not-significantly correlated) in 1991-2000, increases (0.626) in 2001-2010, and decreases (0.595) after 2011. Based on business category, the two variables are not significantly correlated both in manufacturing industries and in service industries. The two variables are significantly correlated according to the studies conducted in Europe region (0.566) and Asia-Africa (0.657), but could not to be proven significantly correlated in USA region. The insights from the meta-analysis findings are: (1) the customer satisfaction role is change by time as well as the changes of industry environment, so that research on customer satisfaction will always be beneficial; (2) in individualist society like USA, further researches on customer behavior and culture are required to find more clear explanation about the role of customer satisfaction as well as other financial success factors, on the company performance.