scholarly journals A Critical Review of Environmental Governance, Land Restitution, and Tourism in Protected Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1916-1931
Author(s):  
Takalani Ramukumba
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Land Restitution

Natural areas, when protected, conserve the natural environment and function as social spaces in which tourism brings increased income, employment, and financial support for conservation. The inclusion of local community members in the planning and management of protected areas has been on the rise since the early 1900s. Tourism has been advocated as a strategy that can help in achieving economic development, especially in rural areas. However, governance issues and potential negative impacts of tourism development have been under inspection. Conservation efforts in Southern Africa especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s had negative impacts on the local communities since this led to many communities being displaced or having limited access to these protected areas. This has seen the need for ways and efforts to get local community members' despondency and attitudes towards protected areas change such that in the 20th century, there were efforts to use conservation models that included community members in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process to garner their support for protected areas. This paper reviews literature on environmental governance, land restitution in protected areas, tourism in protected areas, co-management, and the importance of community participation. These concepts are reviewed using Manyeleti Game Reserve as a case study.

scholarly journals Assessment of the main factors impacting community members’ attitudes towards tourism and protected areas in six southern African countries

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Snyman
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
Future Success

In southern Africa, many early conservation efforts from the late 1800s and early 1900s either displaced local communities or restricted their access to natural resources. This naturally affected community attitudes towards protected areas and efforts were later made to rectify growing tensions. In the last few decades of the 20th century, these efforts led to conservation and ecotourism models that increasingly included communities in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process in order to garner their support. Although the results of these policies were mixed, it is clear that the future success of conservation and, consequently, ecotourism in many areas will depend on the attitudes and behaviour of communities living in or adjacent to protected areas. Managing and understanding community expectations and attitudes under varying socio-economic circumstances will lead to more efficient, equitable and sustainable community-based conservation and ecotourism models. This study was based on 1400 community interview schedules conducted in Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, allowing for an accurate comparison of attitudes across countries, protected areas and communities. The results highlighted important demographic and socio-economic factors to consider in terms of understanding the attitudes of those living in and around protected areas. Suggestions were put forward for managing community relationships and garnering long-term support for protected areas and ecotourism. Conservation implications: It was observed that, in general, community members living in or adjacent to conservation areas in southern Africa have an understanding and appreciation of the importance of conservation. Formal education was found to positively impact attitudes and human–wildlife conflict negatively impacted attitudes, highlighting important policy focus areas.

Local Stakeholders’ Perception as a Contribution to the Identification of Negative Impacts on Protected Areas: A Case Study of Torres del Paine National Park

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-242
Author(s):  
Macarena Fernández Génova ◽  
Germaynee Vela-Ruiz Figueroa ◽  
Fiorella Repetto-Giavelli ◽  
Juliana Torres Mendoza ◽  
Nicolás Recabarren Traub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Torres Del Paine

Urban gardening and spatial justice from a mid-size city perspective: the case of Ortobello Urban Garden

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Aliperti ◽  
Silvia Sarti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Urban Sites

The increasing number of metropolitan areas worldwide suggests to more in-depth investigate metropolitan neighbourhoods in order to explain the complex social dynamics emerging in these new contexts. As a matter of fact, the majority of the existing studies on spatial justice provided analyses and investigations focused on metropolitan settings. However, the issue of spatial justice also involves smaller urban areas and further research is needed in that sense. Our investigation analyses a case study of urban gardening that has been developed with the aim of valorising the central neighbourhood of an Italian mid-size city through proposing participatory planning interventions and requalification of urban sites. The urban gardening initiative has included several actors within the process of implementation. The investigated group of people potentially subjected to the spatial injustice is formed by the residents and the local retailers. A comparison between different stakeholders’ perspectives is provided in order to measure the positive and negative impacts of the initiative on the local community.

Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-221
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Qualitative Phase

After reviewing the relevant literature covering community intervention strategies, destination sustainability, and quality, this chapter explores local people who are involved in ecotourism and related operations in the PA-based destinations of India. The study adopted exploratory sequential method under which different sets of people are interrogated during the qualitative phase of the study through focus group discussion and expert interviews. The result of qualitative phase is used for scale development, and a questionnaire survey was administered among local community members in the descriptive stage. Pilot study and cross-destination analysis are also executed before proceeding for descriptive research.

The ecomuseum and solidarity tourism: a case study from northeast Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-552
Author(s):  
Mustafa Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism and to measure their impact on community development. Design/methodology/approach The study presented here adopts two methods for collecting qualitative data: in-depth interviews and observations. The total number of village households was 42 and the number of households that hosted tourists in their home was 20. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, qualitative methods were employed in the form of lengthy interviews with 13 residents. Findings The findings indicate that tourism for the Bogatepe Village ecomuseum has focused on a solidarity perspective which has provided significant benefits to the community ensuring local sustainable development. The ecomuseum as a concept and a destination has helped to control tourism and strengthened the impact of solidarity tourism on the local community. Research limitations/implications The research presented here must be seen as exploratory. More generally, further research is needed to look at the possibility of developing this type of tourism in other rural areas and similar regions of Turkey (covering both small and large areas) with an important cultural heritage. Originality/value The combination of the ecomuseum and solidarity tourism can provide a sustainable solution for tourism in rural areas and provide a model in the development of tourism to other villages in Turkey. The question is whether it could also be used in larger rural areas. The study underlines that Bogatepe is certainly worthy of future study.

scholarly journals Community Participation in Housing and Urban Development in Poor Urban Communities,Case Study of Umbadda, Khartoum

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muna M. Eltahir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Poor Neighborhood

Community participation represents a voluntary action carried out by community members who participate with each other in different kinds of work to achieve desired goals. Participation includes people's involvement in decision-making, in implementing programs, sharing in the benefits of development programs and their involvement in efforts to evaluate such programs. (Cohen, D. and Prusak). According to Muhammad, community participation, known locally as nafeer or fazaa, is a deeply rooted ancient phenomenon in the Sudanese culture and has been common especially among traditional people in rural areas and villages, where it is usually men's domain (Muhammad, 1975). Community participation is affected by religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well as laws, political environment, economic situation. Social relations (social capital), history and age of the neighborhood. The present paper discusses community participation in Umbadda, Harra 14, a newly planned poor neighborhood in Greater Khartoum the capital of Sudan, which has a population of 5.5 million inhabitants growing at an annual rate of 5.6% per year. Data collection was based on a filed research carried out by the author in the summer of 2002 through intensive interviews with community leaders, and a structured household questionnaire.

scholarly journals Contextualisation: A case study of a team within an international missional order

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasebwe T.L. Kabongo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Good News ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Incarnational Ministry ◽  
Biblical Values

Contextualisation is a process of seeking meaning and relevancy in a constantly changing world. It is a theological imperative if biblical values were to be relevant to everyone in the world. This research is a case study of InnerCHANGE South Africa (ICSA) efforts to be contextual. InnerCHANGE South Africa is part of an international missional order called InnerCHANGE, which was started in 1984 in the United States of America. International organisations face the danger of coming up with uniform principles and practices. Such uniformity is never innocent of cultural bias. It rendered their principles and practices relevant in some contexts and irrelevant in others. InnerCHANGE is an incarnational ministry that focuses on identification in communities of poverty. It described incarnational ministry as a model of Christ, a method, a message and a spiritual discipline. This study investigated how ICSA has been able to contextualise these four elements of incarnational ministry. It concluded that these contextualisation efforts are still work in progress. It pointed out the encouraging signs of seeing many local community members aligning themselves behind ICSA vision of seeing the gospel as the good news made visible. It finally pointed out the challenges of contextualisation it is still facing.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is based on the field of missiology. It engaged development studies, specifically grassroots community development, to point out one of the roles of the church in society, which is to participate in improving the quality of life of the vulnerable.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Community Associations as Intermediaries: A Multiple Case Study in A Rural Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratiwi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Multiple Case

<p>Intermediary actors in rural areas are expected to stimulate not only economic growth but also social inclusion. The studies of innovation intermediaries in rural areas are under-researched. This study investigates the role, capabilities, and the outcome of the engagement of local community associations as intermediaries in different sectors such as agriculture, food processing, and tourism product. This study describes the way innovation promotes rural development. This research employs a multiple case study method and analyzes data triangulation. The interviews have indicated that intermediaries in different sectors need to play different roles due to their sector drivers, stakeholders, and challenges. This study also describes the outcome of the engagement of the intermediaries in increasing well-being, trust among stakeholders, and local people capability to innovate. Further, the study draws policy recommendations for the governments to enhance the skills and impact of the intermediaries, including collaborations, proposal competition, annual awards, organizational learning, training, and benchmarking.</p>

scholarly journals Ecotourism for Eco Friendly Guest and Green Host - A Case Study on Thenmala Ecotourism Project, Kerala

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
T A Binoy
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment

Ecotourism is a purposeful travel to understand the nature and culture of a particular area taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make conservation of natural resources beneficial to the local people. Protected Areas such as national Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Wild Life Sanctuaries have figured prominently in biodiversity conservation and well-designed and managed Protected Areas can form the pinnacle of nation's efforts to protect biological diversity and also provide opportunities for recreation and tourism. Scientific studies show that planning ecotourism in Protected Areas as done in Thenmala ecotourism project, Kerala, first planned ecotourism project in India, which can be a model for other such destination development programmes. In Protected areas, developing forests as recreation spots can mitigate hardships of indigenous communities. This will provide monetary returns to thepublic exchequer, while protecting bio diverse patches with the support of the local community. For better planning and implementation of different components of ecotourism, zonalisation, site-specific action plan, reliable estimates of carrying. capacity and Environment Impact Assessment may be done in all the Protected Areas so as to avoid the ill effects of tourism. This research paper analyses and evaluates the methodology and typology of ecotourism practices at Thenmala, Kerala and proposing Thenmala as a model for the development of similar program in India

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY USING PROMETHEE APPROACH; CASE STUDY: ARAK, IRAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Solmaz Amooshahi ◽  
Sharareh Pourebrahim ◽  
Farhad Nejadkoorki
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Preference Functions ◽  
Fuel Tanks ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Function ◽  
Evaluation Matrix

Due to the significant importance of petrochemical industry for Iran’s national economy and the environmental impacts such as wastewater, pollutant emissions, and hazardous wastes, the present study aimed to assess the construction and operation in two phases. Some relevant criteria were distinguished and weighted using Shannon’s entropy, as the objective weighting measures used to measure uncertainty, occurrence probability, severity, and vulnerability, and expert knowledge. The PROMETHEE technique was used due to the presence of large volumes of quantitative and qualitative data and its capability to evaluate the impacts. The steps included forming the evaluation matrix, determining the preference functions and function calculations. The relative desirability of each alternative was measured by calculating the net outranking flows. Finally, the activities were ranked. Based on the results, the main environmental negative impacts are the loss of vegetation cover and land use change, soil erosion and water and air pollution due to activities such as land cleanly shaven, establishment and operation of fuel tanks and drainage changes.

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