scholarly journals Ecotourism for Eco Friendly Guest and Green Host - A Case Study on Thenmala Ecotourism Project, Kerala

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
T A Binoy
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment

Ecotourism is a purposeful travel to understand the nature and culture of a particular area taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make conservation of natural resources beneficial to the local people. Protected Areas such as national Parks, Biosphere Reserves and Wild Life Sanctuaries have figured prominently in biodiversity conservation and well-designed and managed Protected Areas can form the pinnacle of nation's efforts to protect biological diversity and also provide opportunities for recreation and tourism. Scientific studies show that planning ecotourism in Protected Areas as done in Thenmala ecotourism project, Kerala, first planned ecotourism project in India, which can be a model for other such destination development programmes. In Protected areas, developing forests as recreation spots can mitigate hardships of indigenous communities. This will provide monetary returns to thepublic exchequer, while protecting bio diverse patches with the support of the local community. For better planning and implementation of different components of ecotourism, zonalisation, site-specific action plan, reliable estimates of carrying. capacity and Environment Impact Assessment may be done in all the Protected Areas so as to avoid the ill effects of tourism. This research paper analyses and evaluates the methodology and typology of ecotourism practices at Thenmala, Kerala and proposing Thenmala as a model for the development of similar program in India

The Impact of Concessioners on Sustainability in and around U.S. National Parks: A Case Study of Grand Teton National Park Concessioners

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Qwynne Lackey ◽  
Kelly Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
The Impact

Concessioners play an important role in park and protected area management by providing visitor services. Historically, concessioners were criticized for their negative impacts on environmental sustainability. However, due to policy changes, technological advances, and shifting market demands, there is a need to reevaluate the role of concessioners in sustainable destination management in and around parks and protected areas. The purpose of this qualitative case study situated in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), which was guided by social exchange theory, was to explore U.S. national park concessioners’ influence on sustainable development at the destination level from the perspective of National Park Service (NPS) staff, concessioners, and local community members. Sustainability was examined holistically as a multifaceted construct with integrated socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental dimensions. Twenty-three participants completed semistructured interviews. Researchers identified four thematic categories describing concessioners’ influence on sustainability; motivations and barriers to pursuing sustainability initiatives; and situational factors that facilitated concessioners’ sustainability actions. While participants commented on the negative environmental impacts of concessioners and their operations, these data suggest that concessioners were working individually and collaboratively to promote environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural sustainability in and around GTNP. Some concessioners were even described as leaders, testing and driving the development of innovative sustainability policies and practices. These actions were motivated, in part, by contractual obligations and profit generation. However, concessioners also had strong intangible motivators, such as intrinsic values and a strong sense of community, that drove their positive contributions to sustainability. Based on these data, we recommend that those involved in future theoretical and practical work with concessioners acknowledge the importance of both tangible and intangible motivators when attempting to promote higher levels of sustainability achievement and collaboration. This will become increasingly important as land management agencies continue to embrace strategies beyond the traditional “parks as islands” approach to management. Additionally, future work should explore more specifically the role of policy, conceptualizations of sustainability, and private industry sponsorship in promoting concessioners’ contributions to sustainability, especially in collaborative settings. This work is needed to understand if and how these observations generalize to other contexts.

scholarly journals The Methodology of Landscape Quality (LQ) Indicators Analysis Based on Remote Sensing Data: Polish National Parks Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2810
Author(s):  
Barbara Sowińska-Świerkosz ◽  
Malwina Michalik-Śnieżek
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Landscape Quality ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Landscape quality (LQ) encompasses diverse characteristic of the natural and cultural environment. The most effective tool to analyze LQ is the use of indicators. The main problem in the assessment of LQ is not the lack of indicators, but its multitude. That is why, the indicators’ categorization is a problematic issue. The paper aims to introduce and test the methodology for selecting the suitable indicators based on the example of two national parks located in the south-east part of Poland. The method composed of the following stages: (1) Selection of spatial units being analyzed; (2) selection of indicators type(s); (3) selection of specific indicators; (4) calculation of indicator set no 1; (5) analysis of the correlation between indicators’ pairs; (6) selection of a final set of indicators; (7) analysis of effectiveness. The latter stage, refers to the statistical analysis of significance between results obtained dependently on the data sources, a spatial unit of analysis and analyzed regions. The results showed that the categorization composed of ten, mainly composite indicators, can be applied to conclude on different levels of LQ of protected areas. The differences between two analyzed data sources, different spatial units, as well as diverse regions, occurred to be statistically insignificant. Generally, the results of the effectiveness analysis showed that a final categorization of LQ indicators is adequate to conclude on the diverse dimensions of LQ of analyzed protected areas.

(Transport) history as policy lab for democratic governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
Bert Toussaint
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Environment Impact Assessment ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

In the past decades we witnessed a rise of public participation in transport and land-use projects, and often those practices have been formalised in a solid juridical framework. In the Netherlands and other EU-countries, the cornerstones of this participatory planning framework are the Environmental Impact Study and the Environment Impact Assessment. However, historical appraisals of the impact of these instruments on participatory processes are lacking. Using the case study of the contested Dutch motorway project passing through the Amelisweerd forest (1970s), this paper aims to appraise the role of deliberative democracy concepts and practices. This paper is a plea for a novel academic agenda driven by the research questions: to what extent have participatory processes in transport, land-use and water management policies had an impact on deliberative democracy concepts and practices? Which role did citizens and users have in shaping the decision-making process?

scholarly journals Mass tourism in protected areas – underestimated threat? Polish National Parks case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1046-1060
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Widawski ◽  
Zdzisław Jary
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Table Mountains ◽  
Tourist Flow

Abstract The article considers the tourist traffic as possible to elements of inanimate nature in protected areas. The highest form of protection in Poland - national parks, has been taken into account. The main goal is to diagnose the situation based on the analysis of official documents elaborated by the national park authorities. One of the important elements is to diagnose the threat to nature and indicate ways to neutralize it. At the beginning, the geotouristic potential of these parks was presented, where this type of resources is considered important from the point of view of tourism. The tourist function of the most important attractions in Poland was indicated. In the top ten there are as many as 4 national parks, including Tatrzański which takes first place. The size of tourist traffic in all 23 parks was analyzed. As a result, it was shown that the most popular, where tourist flow is of mass character, include mountain parks with significant geotouristic potential. Next, the current protection plans for them were analyzed: Tatrzański, Karkonoski, Table Mountains and Pieniński, where the annual tourist flow varies between 0.5 million and almost 4 million visitors per year. Threats were assigned to 4 groups: existing internal threats, potential internal threats, existing external threats and potential external threats. In each of the types of threats special attention was paid to those related to inanimate nature. It also indicated the ways in which park managers want to influence the change of negative trends. The basic conclusion was indicated, which boils down to the postulate of a balanced approach to the protection of both types of nature: animate and inanimate. In the case of animate nature, threats and suggestions for improving the situation seem to be much better diagnosed than in the case of inanimate nature.

scholarly journals Threatened plants of arid ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study of the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mendoza-Fernández ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-García ◽  
Fabián Martínez-Hernández ◽  
José M. Medina-Cazorla ◽  
Juan A. Garrido-Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Priority Ranking ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractNetworks of protected areas are one of the main strategies used to address the biodiversity crisis. These should encompass as many species and ecosystems as possible, particularly in territories with high biological diversity, such as the Spanish arid zones. We produce a priority ranking of the arid zones of south-east Spain according to the rarity and richness of their characteristic flora and the level of endangerment. The resulting hierarchy shows that optimal zones for the preservation of the flora are located outside the network of protected areas. In particular, it is important to extend the network and encourage the creation of microreserves in the depression of the River Guadiana Menor (Granada), where there is least protection. This river valley is a particularly important arid site because of its unique flora and fauna, and palaeontological and archaeological findings.

scholarly journals Success of Ecotourism Sites and Local Community Participation in Sabah

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Awangku Hassanal Bahar Pengiran Bagul
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Success Indicators ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Malaysian Borneo

<p>Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, is an ecotourism destination that is well known in the international tourism scene, where nature and culture has been positioned as the two main products. With high biodiversity and more than 30 distinctive cultures, ecotourism has been embraced by all stakeholders in the state since the 1990s. After a decade or so, many stakeholders are very eager to judge and give judgments of what success entails. The complexity of the stakeholders' characteristics usually results in various perceptions of success. The thesis sets out to interpret and develop the indicators for success of local community participation and ecotourism sites in Sabah. Both, local community participation and ecotourism site were chosen due to the nature of the ecotourism industry where business and community development is very closely tied together. This thesis employs plans and policy analysis and comparative case study as its methodology. The data were then analysed to get the results, which are success indicators for local community participation and ecotourism sites based on the perception of stakeholders. The indicators emerged from the analysis are put into perspective by analysing the results with the analysis of plans and policies and case studies. Two sets of indicators are proposed, both for local community participation success and ecotourism site's success, which is valuable to the industry in reviewing their current plans and policies. It is also useful in monitoring and evaluating current local community participation activities. The indicators are quite consistent with those others drawn from the literature review. The analysis also shows that there are issues that need to be addressed with regards to these indicators. These indicators are output-based, therefore there is a need to establish the measurement or the parameters of these indicators to make it more quantifiable and more meaningful. Another aspect that the thesis identified is that the strongest indicators are those that were agreed by all stakeholders and the recipients that benefits are both the site and the local community. While this is emphasising the importance of local community in the ecotourism set up, it is also suggested that a set up of an integrated development and management among stakeholders, of local community and ecotourism with the common objective and common operational process, are seen as successful. This will contribute to tourism literature by enhancing the knowledge of ecotourism, and to the ecotourism industry by providing a means of evaluating local community participation activities and ecotourism sites.</p>

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Environmental Governance, Land Restitution, and Tourism in Protected Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10(6)) ◽  
pp. 1916-1931
Author(s):  
Takalani Ramukumba
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Land Restitution

Natural areas, when protected, conserve the natural environment and function as social spaces in which tourism brings increased income, employment, and financial support for conservation. The inclusion of local community members in the planning and management of protected areas has been on the rise since the early 1900s. Tourism has been advocated as a strategy that can help in achieving economic development, especially in rural areas. However, governance issues and potential negative impacts of tourism development have been under inspection. Conservation efforts in Southern Africa especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s had negative impacts on the local communities since this led to many communities being displaced or having limited access to these protected areas. This has seen the need for ways and efforts to get local community members' despondency and attitudes towards protected areas change such that in the 20th century, there were efforts to use conservation models that included community members in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process to garner their support for protected areas. This paper reviews literature on environmental governance, land restitution in protected areas, tourism in protected areas, co-management, and the importance of community participation. These concepts are reviewed using Manyeleti Game Reserve as a case study.

scholarly journals Gestão Participativa em Unidades de Conservação com ênfase nos instrumentos legais: um olhar a partir da RDS Estadual Ponta do Tubarão (RN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraci Wanderley-Filha ◽  
Maria Valéria Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Sonia Trigueiro de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
The Right

As unidades de conservação são espaços naturais em que se observa a presença de pessoas cuja existência se baseia em sistemas sustentáveis de exploração dos recursos ecológicos, desenvolvidos por diversas gerações, adaptados às condições naturais locais e que desempenham um papel básico na proteção da natureza e na manutenção da diversidade biológica. O artigo objetiva identificar e compreender a compatibilização entre as previsões da Lei Federal nº 9.985 que criou o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação – SNUC, da Lei Complementar nº 272/04 e da Lei Estadual n º 8.349/03 que cria a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão, no que diz respeito a aplicabilidade dos princípios constitucionais de garantia do direito de participação social na gestão de Unidades de Conservação - UCs, na gestão ambiental da reserva. A referida reserva abrange os limites dos municípios de Macau e Guamaré, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de natureza exploratória e de caráter qualitativo. Os resultados mostraram que apresenta certa acuidade no tocante ao alinhamento legal que cria e implementa a RDS com Lei Complementar 272/04 e às previsões da Lei 9.985/00 clareando e garantindo as formas de participação na gestão da unidade pelo Conselho Gestor com vistas ao desenvolvimento comunitário local. Participatory Management in protected areas with emphasis on legal instruments: a view from the RDS State Ponta do Tubarão (RN, Brazil) ABSTRACT Protected areas are natural areas where there is the presence of people whose existence is based on sustainable farming systems of ecological resources, developed by several generations, adapted to local natural conditions and play a basic role in protecting nature and maintenance of biological diversity. The article aims to identify and understand the compatibility between the predictions of Federal Law 9985 that created the National Protected Areas System - SNUC, of Complementary Law 272/04 and the State Law 8.349/03 establishing a Development Reserve Sustainable State Ponta do Tubarão, with regard to applicability of constitutional principles guaranteeing the right of social participation in protected areas management - UCs, environmental management reserve. Said reserve covers the limits of Macau and Guamaré municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It is a bibliographical and documentary research exploratory and qualitative. The results showed that presents a certain accuracy regarding the legal alignment that creates and implements the RDS with Complementary Law 272/04 and forecasts of Law 9.985/00 clearing and securing the forms of participation in the management of the unit by the Management Board with a view to developing local community. KEYWORDS: Participative Management; Conservation Unit; Legal instruments.

scholarly journals Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs), Aichi Target 11 and Canada’s Pathway to Target 1: Focusing Conservation on Reconciliation

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Zurba ◽  
Karen Beazley ◽  
Emilie English ◽  
Johanna Buchmann-Duck
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aichi Biodiversity Targets

This article provides analysis of the issues relating to movement towards new models for Indigenous-led conservation in light of Canada’s initiatives for greater protected areas representation through Target 1. We provide a background on Canada’s Pathway to Target 1, which is based on Target 11 from the Aichi Biodiversity Targets set forth by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). We contemplate the past, present and future of colonization and reconciliation in Canada, and consider the influence of international declarations, programs and initiatives on the potential for the formation of Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs). We then provide an analysis of “wicked problems” that Indigenous communities, governments, and other stakeholders in protected areas will need to navigate towards implementing the IPCA approach in Canada. We outline the different types of Indigenous involvement in protected areas and how they potentially fit within the principles for the development of IPCAs. We then turn our discussion to the need to refocus conservation on reconciliation by restoring nation-to-nation relationships and relationships between the land and peoples. The lessons we draw have potential parallels for other nation states, particularly those signatory to the CBD and with a colonial history, aiming for biodiversity conservation and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples through IPCAs.

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