scholarly journals The prehistory of the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula: “genetic intervention” of the early pyramid period

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Genetic Intervention ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Entire Male

Recently, the American geneticist David Reich, according to the results of studies, got by his group, published a hypothesis that 4.5 thousand years ago, the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the tribes of nomadic pastoralists who came from the steppes of Eastern Europe, by so-called “people of the Yamnaya culture” (the Yamnaya people). Having a higher technological level (had four-wheeled carts, domesticated horses, etc.), those people quickly conquered the Iberian tribes, completely eliminating or enslaving the entire male autochthonous population. Such a rapid and, apparently, far from peaceful expansion led to the fact that the next generation of residents of the Iberian Peninsula had already 100% Y chromosomes (which are transmitted exclusively through the paternal line) of immigrants. The Yamnaya people brought their culture to the Peninsula, and probably the IndoEuropean language, the carriers and distributors of which they were, migrating across the expanses of Europe.

scholarly journals The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6432) ◽  
pp. 1230-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo Olalde ◽  
Swapan Mallick ◽  
Nick Patterson ◽  
Nadin Rohland ◽  
Vanessa Villalba-Mouco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Substructure

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia’s ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European–speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European–speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

scholarly journals - Architecture of the Islamic West North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800 - Architecture in Global Socialism Eastern Europe, West Africa, and The Middle East in the Cold War - Architecture of Coexistence Building Pluralism

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
The Cold War

Architecture of the Islamic West North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800 (by Jonathan M. Bloom) Architecture in Global Socialism Eastern Europe, West Africa, and The Middle East in the Cold War (by Łukasz Stanek) Architecture of Coexistence Building Pluralism (by Azra Akšamija, ed.)

scholarly journals Phylogenetic history of patrilineages rare in northern and eastern Europe from large-scale re-sequencing of human Y-chromosomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Mai Ilumäe ◽  
Helen Post ◽  
Rodrigo Flores ◽  
Monika Karmin ◽  
Hovhannes Sahakyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
History Of

Wooden and StoneChevaux-de-Frisein Central and Western Europe

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The One

Chevaux-de-friseis a term used to describe the (normally stone) stakes placed upright in the ground outside the walls of early fortifications with the intention of making access more difficult for an approaching enemy, be he on foot or on horse back. The existence of this defensive technique outside prehistoric forts in Britain or Ireland was first mentioned in 1684 when Roderick O'Flaherty described the Aran Island fort of Dun Aenghus in hisOgygia(O'Flaherty, 1684, 175), and it has often been discussed since, among others by Christison (1898), Westropp (1901, 661), Hogg (1957) and most recently and judiciously by Simpson (1969a, 26). Some writers, for instance Raftery (1951, 214) and Hogg (1957, 33) have suggested that the origins ofchevaux-de-frisein Britain and Ireland should be sought in the Iberian Peninsula, where they occur in greater numbers (Hogg, 1957 and Harbison, 1968, a), andchevaux-de-friseare often taken as one of the most important pieces of evidence of close ties between Spain–Portugal and Britain–Ireland during the Early Iron Age. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a hypothesis that the Spanish–Portuguese examples on the one hand, and the Scottish–Welsh–Irish–Manx ones on the other, are not so closely related to one another as has hitherto been thought, but that both are merely distant cousins in so far as both are descended from a common ancestral wooden prototype which originated probably in Central or Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Cyganie vs Romowie w Hiszpanii. Przynależność etniczna, język i tożsamość

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Maja Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Language Issues

The paper scrutinizes the particularities of the terms Gypsy and Romaní and selected differences between them in the context of the Spanish society. The first notion refers to the ethnicity which has been historically linked with the Iberian Peninsula since the first half of the fifteenth century and the term Romaní is used with reference to nomadic groups mainly from the Balkans. While the notion ‘Gypsy’ has been abandoned in Central and Eastern Europe as disparaging, its equivalent i.e. gitano is legitimate and acceptable in Spain. The article also draws upon some of qualitative research carried out by the author in Spain, i.e. participant observation and unstructured interviews conducted with the Gypsies with a focus on identity and language issues.

scholarly journals First record and DNA barcoding of Donacaula niloticus (Zeller, 1867) from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guerrero ◽  
Manuel Pozas ◽  
Antonio S Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northern India ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
First Time ◽  
India And China

Donacaula niloticus (Zeller, 1867) is known from south-eastern Europe, Middle East and Turkey to Central Asia, northern India and China and widely distributed in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Egypt). Donacaula niloticus (Zeller 1867) is recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula and the first DNA barcode sequence is published and compared with other European and North American Donacaula species.

scholarly journals On the origins of the Sakhas' paternal lineages: Reconciliation of population genetic / ancient DNA data, archaeological findings and historical narratives

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Paternal Line ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Y Chromosome Str

Sakhas are Turkic-speaking people from Northeastern Siberia, constituting the largest ethnic population in Yakutia. According to popular legends, two heroes who arrived from the Asian Steppe during the late medieval ages, namely Elley Bootur and Omogoy Baay, are the progenitors of all Sakhas. While there is ample historical evidence towards the existence of such legendary characters, archaeological findings and ancient DNA studies provide further insights on actual Sakha ethnogenesis. This study aims to establish the genetic basis of the legendary characters Elley and Omogoy, at least through their paternal lineages, and then to reveal the prevalence of these Y-chromosomes among the contemporary Yakut population. To this end, an attempt was made to delineate fact from fiction with respect to the Sakhas’ paternal lineages through a reconciliation of population genetics data on contemporary and ancient Sakhas, along with archaeological evidence and well-recorded historical narratives. To achieve this, 17-loci Y-chromosomal STR and haplogroup analyses were conducted on a contemporary Sakha who was presumably a direct descendant of Elley’s paternal line. Furthermore, 367 Sakha Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes were compiled from the literature and elsewhere, and searched against the Y-chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database to find potential matches with non-Sakha populations. Sakhas’ paternal lineages were found to comprise 6 major descent clusters, each corresponding to an ancient clan. The most prevalent haplotype indeed corresponded to that of the contemporary Elley descendant. Furthermore, data presented in the current work suggests a Khitan origin for this paternal line. As shown before, Sakhas’ paternal lineages were found to be very homogenous and exhibit signs of a strong population bottleneck. Reconciled genetic and archaeological data agree well with Sakhas’ historical narratives, whereby, at least from a paternal lineage perspective, only a few individuals may have arrived from Central Asia and had reproductive success that led to the Sakha Y-chromosomal diversity today.

Innovation and Productivity in Eastern Europe: An International Comparison

1991 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
The West ◽  
Technological Level

The aim of the study was to approach an assessment of the technological level of the economies in Eastern Europe, particularly in the newly-democratising countries—Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland—by means of studying their innovative activity and productivity levels in comparison with the West.

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