scholarly journals Capital Structure and the Value of Quoted Firms in Nigeria: A Test of Miller and Modigliani Irrelevant Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Uzokwe Grace Onyinyechi
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Retained Earnings

This study tested an insignificant hypothesis of the capital structure of Miller and Modiglian in Nigeria. The aim was to investigate the validity of the irrelevant hypothesis. The Tobins Q market value measure was modeled as a function of debt-to-equity ratio, long-term debt to equity ratio, and retained earnings ratio. Twenty companies were selected on the basis of the information needed to conduct the survey and the availability of annual financial reports for the ten-year period 2008-2017. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the annual accounts and annual reports of the companies. Random effects were used in the analysis of fixed and random effects. The study showed that 77% volatility in market value can be predicted by the variation of independent variables in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the variables found that the debt-to-equity ratio, the long-term debt-to-equity ratio, the capital-to-earnings ratio is positively and significantly related to the market value of the selected listed companies. The study concludes that capital structure is relevant, unlike Miller's and Modiglian's irrelevant hypothesis. Therefore, it is recommended that managers ensure an adequate combination of capital and debt.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL LEVERAGE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
A. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
The Capital Structure

This study was carried out to determine the effect of financial leverage on the financial performance, using secondary data obtained from the annual reports of 7 quoted Oil and Gas firms in Nigeria, and the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) daily official lists over the period 2005- 2016. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis were used in data presentation, while random effects panel estimator is applied in determining the effect of financial leverage variables as short-term debt ratio (STDR), long-term debt ratio (LTDR) and total-debt equity ratio (TDER) on the financial performance measured by the return on equity (ROE). The regression results from the random effects model (REM), the best panel estimator in this study as revealed by the F-test and the Hausman test for best model selection, indicate that STDR and LTDR have no significant effect on the financial performance, and TDER has a negative significant effect on the financial performance denoted by ROE. The study concludes that higher financial leverage in the capital structure of quoted Oil & Gas firms in Nigeria deteriorates shareholders wealth measured by ROE. The study recommends that firms in the Oil & Gas sector should substitute at least 90 per cent of debt in the capital structure with equity, through bonus issue, right issue and higher proportion of retained earnings in the capital structure. Abubakar, A. | Department of Business Management, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria

scholarly journals The Effect of Debt Equity Ratio on Tax Planning Before and After Implementation of the Minister of Finance Regulation Number PMK-169/ PMK. 010/2015 on Registered Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Tax Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interest Expense

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the debt-equity ratio (DER) on tax planning before and after the enactment of the Minister of Finance Regulation number PMK-169/PMK.010/2015. The data used in this study are financial reports submitted to the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2014-2017. Three hundred ninety companies were selected using a purposive sampling method with some requirements. The chosen samples are companies which have four finance reports in a row for the period, and those whose DER was more than zero (not negative) in 2014. The data used is cross-sectional panel data, using the data of liability and equity to measure capital structure, and earnings before tax (EBT) in which is the basis for imposing corporate income tax. The sample companies are divided into two groups to measure the impact of the regulation, namely groups of companies with DER above 4 and below 4. The results of the study show that the average DER of the company is 1.7 to 1.9, which means that only a few companies have DERs above 4:1 as specified in PMK-169. Furthermore, based on the results of the study it is known that both group of companies with DER above and below 4, the company's DER does not affect EBT before and after the implementation of PMK-169. The study implies that the application of PMK-169 by using a debt limitation rule is still not effective in minimizing potential tax loss due to debt interest expense of capital structure.

scholarly journals Capital structure and profitability: the case of Nigerian deposit money banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Adegbola Olubukola Otekunrin ◽  
Tony Ikechukwu Nwanji ◽  
Damilola Eluyela ◽  
Johnson Kolawole Olowookere ◽  
Damilola Gabriel Fagboro
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Internal Source ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Retained Earnings

This paper aimed to empirically examine the extent to which capital structure impacts the profitability of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks considering the profitability of eight Nigerian Deposit Money Banks from 2003 to 2018 (16 years). A descriptive research design was adopted for this study, and data were analyzed using regression. The study used secondary data obtained from published annual reports of selected Nigerian Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) for four years (2003–2018). The study concluded that the indicators used to measure capital structure (debt-equity ratio and leverage ratio) and profitability (returns on equity) had a negative relationship. This means that the use of debts mixed with equity (debt-equity ratio and leverage ratio) in improper proportion as financing methods can negatively affect profitability. Hence, there is a need to identify the optimal mix of capital structure (debts mixed with equity) that maximizes profitability, as well as firm and shareholder value with minimum agency costs as suggested by the trade-off theory and agency theory, respectively. The alternative is to give preference to retained earnings (internal source of finance) as funding source. AcknowledgmentAll researchers and non-researchers that contributed to this paper are highly appreciated.

scholarly journals The relationship between Malaysian public-listed firms’ corporate governance and their capital structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Fahed Abdullah Abdlazez ◽  
Alhashmi Aboubaker Lasyoud ◽  
Abdlmutaleb Boshanna
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance practices and capital structure of public-listed companies in Malaysia. Using the annual reports of 273 Malaysian public-listed firms on the Bursa Malaysia between 2008 and 2012, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Corporate governance was measured by variables including board size, CEO duality, ownership structure, and board meeting. Capital structure was measured through four variables: debt-to-equity ratio, long-term debts, short-term debts, and debt ratio. The findings indicated that corporate governance practices have a positive influence on the debt-equity ratio, long-term debt, short-term debt and a debt ratio of capital structure. However, corporate governance practices’ influence on the debt ratio is found statistically insignificant. The findings also indicate that firm size moderates the relationship between corporate governance variables and capital structure. Empirically, these findings are useful for measuring and understanding financing decisions taken by the Malaysian public listed firms. It also offers insights to policymakers interested in enhancing the role of corporate governance in formulating management strategies.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN MEASURING RENTABILITY AND SOLVABILITY OF COSMETICS COMPANIES AND HOUSE HOLD GOODS LISTED ON INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE PERIOD 2015-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Ima Halimah ◽  
Nor Norisanti ◽  
Faizal Mulia Z
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
Equity Ratio

The purpose of this research to measure capital structure of cosmetics companies and house hold goods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2017 using vertical analysis, return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), debt on equity ratio (DER), and Long-Term Debt on Equity Ratio (LTDtER). This research uses descriptive methods, secondary data used is company documentation and financial reports in the form of balance sheet PT.Akasha Wira International Tbk, PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk, PT.Mandom Indonesia Tbk, PT. Martina Berto Tbk, PT. Mustika Ratu Tbk and PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk in 2015 until 2017. The results showed that the perfomance of cosmetics companies and house hold goods reduction in 2015 until 2017 the form of Return on Equity (ROE) and increase in Debt on Equity Ratio (DER) and also fluctuations in Long-Term Debt on Equity Ratio (LTDtER). PT. Kino Indonesia and PT. Mustika Ratu are companies with financial performance whose capital structure management is not optimal due to the composition and proportion of long-term debt with equity that is not balanced with the returns and risks borne by the company during the 2015 to 2017 period. Keywords: Capital Structure, Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Debt on Equity Ratio (DER), Long-Term Debt on Equity Ratio (LTDtER

scholarly journals Dividend Policy and Value of Quoted Firms in Nigeria: A Test of Miller and Modigliani Irrelevant Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Lucky Anyike Lucky ◽  
Uzokwe Grace Onyinyechi
Keyword(s):  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Dividend Payout ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dividend Policies ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

This study tested Miller and Modigliani dividend policy irrelevant hypothesis in Nigeria. The objective was to examine the validity of the irrelevant hypothesis. Tobins Q measure of market value was modeled as the function of dividend payout ratio, retention ratio, dividend per share and dividend yield. 20 firms  were selected on the basis of availability of information necessary for conducting the study and the readiness of annual financial reports for the period of 10 years from 2008-2017.  Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement and annual reports of the firms. Based on the analysis of fixed and random effect results, random effect was used. The study revealed that 75 percent variation on the market value can be predicted by variation on independent variables in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the variables found that all the independent variables have positive and significant relationship with market value of the selected quoted firms. The study concludes that dividend policy is relevant as oppose to the irrelevant hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani. Its therefore recommend that managers should manage their dividend policies effectively since it is relevant and has significant effect on market value and optimal dividend policy which implies policy of trade-off between dividend payout and retain earnings should be well managed and investors should have adequate knowledge of dividend policy of quoted firms that will correspond with their investment objectives of avoid conflict in dividend policy.

Good Corporate Governance, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Struktur Modal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Hesty Juni Tambuati Subing
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Basic Industry ◽  
The Capital Structure

The purpose of this research is to know about the effect of these factors Corporate Governane proxy by Institutional Ownership and Number of Board of Directors, Firm Size, and Return On Asset in basic industry and chemistry towards capital structure, and also to determine which of those factors having powerful effect to the capital structure. This research is using secondary data, such as the financial reports, annual reports and other related information of basic industry and chemistry listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange which sample were taken from 45 companies for the period of 2013 to 2014, and the choosing of these samples was based on the purposive sampling method. Panel data is used to test the effect of Institutional Ownership, Board of Directors, Return on Asset and Firm Size among as independent variables, in regard to capital structure as dependent variables. The result shows that only Return On Asset have significant effect to the Capital Structure in the basic industry and chemistry. Meanwhile Institutional Ownership, Board of Directors and Firm Size have no effect to the Capital Structure in the basic industry and chemistry. Keywords: Institutional Ownership, Board of Directors, Return On Asset, Firm Size, Capital Structure

scholarly journals How Does Debt Financing Affect Financial Performance? A Study of Transport Companies Listed in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulfat Abbas ◽  
Sohail Aziz ◽  
Samina Khan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Earnings Per Share ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retained Earnings

  Purpose: The purpose of this paper investigates the impact of debt financing on airline’s (transport) sector performance of Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: We gathered the data from secondary sources. In this study, we used a data sample of 11 years from 2008-2018 by using companies annual reports. Due to unavailability of data, only 3 transport companies have been taken for analysis. The software which we used in analysis is SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). Findings: The findings of the study suggests that there is opposite relationship between debt financing and financial performance of airlines. Debt is measured from three ratios, short term debt to total assets, long term debt to total assets and total debt to total assets ratio. For the measurement of performance, we used return on assets and earnings per share. We concluded on the basis of findings that the companies should focus on retained earnings which is cheaper source of finance and use less level of debt. As the more level of debt use by the companies, the performance of companies’ decrease. Implications/Originality/Value: There is only one study is available in Pakistan which used transport sector in Pakistan in debt financing context                                                          

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL MELALUI TRADE OFF THEORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Nana Umdiana ◽  
Dyah Lupita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Equity Ratio

This study aims to analyze funding decisions on capital structure through trade off theory in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. Profitability is measured using the return on equity ratio, asset structure is measured by fixed assets ratio and funding decisions are measured by debt. to equity ratio. The population of this research is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. The data analyzed is secondary data in financial reports or annual reports. The sample selection used purposive sampling method and the sample obtained in this study were 40 data from 10 companies. In this research, the analytical method used is descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis and statistical test. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that there is no effect of profitability on funding decisions, there is an effect of asset structure on funding decisions. This shows that the asset structure influences the company's decision making in funding.

scholarly journals Features of the formation and management of the capital structure of state-owned enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
С.Г. Макарова ◽  
Е.И. Андрианова
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
The Capital Structure

Окончание. Начало в №5 за 2020 г. Вопрос о влиянии собственности государства в крупных российских компаниях на их структуру капитала остается открытым и пока не получил окончательного разрешения в литературе. Результаты работ, проведенных для российского рынка, свидетельствуют о значительной роли государственного участия в российских компаниях [5], а также о том, что российские компании с государственным участием имеют значительно более высокие значения долга в структуре капитала, чем частные [34]. В данной публикации для оценки роли государственного участия на структуру капитала российских компаний был проведен эмпирический анализ 139 публичных компаний за 2014-2018 гг. (выборка представлена государственными и частными компаниями), котирующихся на Московской бирже. В рамках проведенного исследования было выявлено, что отечественные публичные государственные компании при прочих равных условиях имеют более высокое значение долга в структуре капитала, чем частные. Кроме этого, компании с государственным участием имеют также более высокие значения коэффициента долгосрочных обязательств в сравнении с частными. Это подтверждает гипотезу о том, что деятельность государственных компаний связана с большими финансовыми рисками, чем частных, особенно в долгосрочной перспективе. В данной ситуации целесообразно ввести политику, направленную на повышение финансовой устойчивости государственных компаний, а именно, осуществлять деятельность по расширению производственных процессов за счет собственных средств и нераспределенной прибыли, а не за счет заемных средств. Также было получено положительное значимое влияние на структуру капитала компаний с государственным участием таких факторов, как размер компании, рентабельность продаж, рентабельность собственного капитала, было выявлено отрицательное влияние таких детерминант, как величина чистых активов, коэффициент оборачиваемости активов, отношение операционных расходов к EBITDA, рентабельность активов. The question of the influence of state ownership in Russian companies on their capital structure remains open for further discussion and the conclusion has not been drawn yet. The results of the work carried out for the Russian market indicate a significant role of state participation in Russian companies [4], as well as the fact that Russian companies with state participation have significantly higher values of debt in the capital structure than private ones [33]. In this publication, to assess the role of state participation in the capital structure of Russian companies, an empirical analysis of 139 public companies for 2014-2018 was carried out. (sample presented by state and private companies) listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange. n this study, it was revealed that domestic public state-owned companies, other things being equal, have a higher value of debt in the capital structure than private ones. In addition, companies with state participation also have higher values of the ratio of long-term liabilities in comparison with private ones. This confirms the hypothesis that the activities of state-owned companies are associated with greater financial risks than private ones, especially in the long term. In this situation, it is reasonable to introduce a policy aimed at increasing the financial stability of state-owned companies, namely, to carry out activities to expand production processes at the expense of their own funds and retained earnings, and not at the expense of borrowed funds. We also obtained a positive significant influence on the capital structure of companies with state participation of such factors as the size of the company, profitability of sales, return on equity, negative influence of such determinants as the value of net assets, the asset turnover ratio, the ratio of operating expenses to EBITDA, return on assets.

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