scholarly journals Singularity analysis via the iterated kernel method

2013 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AS,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Melczer ◽  
Marni Mishna
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Lattice Path ◽  
Quarter Plane ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Path Models

International audience We provide exact and asymptotic counting formulas for five singular lattice path models in the quarter plane. Furthermore, we prove that these models have a non D-finite generating function. Nous présentons des résultats énumératifs pour les cinq modèles de marche dans le quart de plan dites "singulière''. Nous prouvons que ces modèles sont non-holonomes.

scholarly journals Singularity Analysis Via the Iterated Kernel Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MELCZER ◽  
MARNI MISHNA
Keyword(s):  
Generating Functions ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Lattice Path ◽  
Exact Enumeration ◽  
Quarter Plane ◽  
Path Models

In the quarter plane, five lattice path models with unit steps have resisted the otherwise general approach featured in recent works by Fayolle, Kurkova and Raschel. Here we consider these five models, called the singular models, and prove that the univariate generating functions marking the number of walks of a given length are not D-finite. Furthermore, we provide exact and asymptotic enumerative formulas for the number of such walks, and describe an efficient algorithm for exact enumeration.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Rational Approximation To Pi: Solution of an "Unsolved Problem'' Posed By Herbert Wilf

2010 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AM,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Daniel Ward
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Square Root ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Regular Manner ◽  
Complex Valued ◽  
Branch Cuts ◽  
Transfer Theorems

International audience The webpage of Herbert Wilf describes eight Unsolved Problems. Here, we completely resolve the third of these eight problems. The task seems innocent: find the first term of the asymptotic behavior of the coefficients of an ordinary generating function, whose coefficients naturally yield rational approximations to $\pi$. Upon closer examination, however, the analysis is fraught with difficulties. For instance, the function is the composition of three functions, but the innermost function has a non-zero constant term, so many standard techniques for analyzing function compositions will completely fail. Additionally, the signs of the coefficients are neither all positive, nor alternating in a regular manner. The generating function involves both a square root and an arctangent. The complex-valued square root and arctangent functions each rely on complex logarithms, which are multivalued and fundamentally depend on branch cuts. These multiple values and branch cuts make the function extremely tedious to visualize using Maple. We provide a complete asymptotic analysis of the coefficients of Wilf's generating function. The asymptotic expansion is naturally additive (not multiplicative); each term of the expansion contains oscillations, which we precisely characterize. The proofs rely on complex analysis, in particular, singularity analysis (which, in turn, rely on a Hankel contour and transfer theorems).

scholarly journals Congruence successions in compositions

2014 ◽  
Vol Vol. 16 no. 1 (Combinatorics) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Mansour ◽  
Mark Shattuck ◽  
Mark Wilson
Keyword(s):  
General Formula ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Asymptotic Estimate ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Positive Integers

Combinatorics International audience A composition is a sequence of positive integers, called parts, having a fixed sum. By an m-congruence succession, we will mean a pair of adjacent parts x and y within a composition such that x=y(modm). Here, we consider the problem of counting the compositions of size n according to the number of m-congruence successions, extending recent results concerning successions on subsets and permutations. A general formula is obtained, which reduces in the limiting case to the known generating function formula for the number of Carlitz compositions. Special attention is paid to the case m=2, where further enumerative results may be obtained by means of combinatorial arguments. Finally, an asymptotic estimate is provided for the number of compositions of size n having no m-congruence successions.

scholarly journals Counting occurrences for a finite set of words: an inclusion-exclusion approach

2007 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AH,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Bassino ◽  
Julien Clément ◽  
J. Fayolle ◽  
P. Nicodème
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Exclusion Principle ◽  
Complete Proof ◽  
Detailed Proof ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The One ◽  
Maple Package

International audience In this paper, we give the multivariate generating function counting texts according to their length and to the number of occurrences of words from a finite set. The application of the inclusion-exclusion principle to word counting due to Goulden and Jackson (1979, 1983) is used to derive the result. Unlike some other techniques which suppose that the set of words is reduced (<i>i..e.</i>, where no two words are factor of one another), the finite set can be chosen arbitrarily. Noonan and Zeilberger (1999) already provided a MAPLE package treating the non-reduced case, without giving an expression of the generating function or a detailed proof. We give a complete proof validating the use of the inclusion-exclusion principle and compare the complexity of the method proposed here with the one using automata for solving the problem.

scholarly journals Statistics on Lattice Walks and q-Lassalle Numbers

2015 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings, 27th... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenny Tevlin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Catalan Numbers ◽  
Binomial Coefficients ◽  
Integer Coefficients ◽  
Major Index ◽  
Lattice Walks ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Integers

International audience This paper contains two results. First, I propose a $q$-generalization of a certain sequence of positive integers, related to Catalan numbers, introduced by Zeilberger, see Lassalle (2010). These $q$-integers are palindromic polynomials in $q$ with positive integer coefficients. The positivity depends on the positivity of a certain difference of products of $q$-binomial coefficients.To this end, I introduce a new inversion/major statistics on lattice walks. The difference in $q$-binomial coefficients is then seen as a generating function of weighted walks that remain in the upper half-plan. Cet document contient deux résultats. Tout d’abord, je vous propose un $q$-generalization d’une certaine séquence de nombres entiers positifs, liés à nombres de Catalan, introduites par Zeilberger (Lassalle, 2010). Ces $q$-integers sont des polynômes palindromiques à $q$ à coefficients entiers positifs. La positivité dépend de la positivité d’une certaine différence de produits de $q$-coefficients binomial.Pour ce faire, je vous présente une nouvelle inversion/major index sur les chemins du réseau. La différence de $q$-binomial coefficients est alors considérée comme une fonction de génération de trajets pondérés qui restent dans le demi-plan supérieur.

A General Asymptotic Scheme for the Analysis of Partition Statistics

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. GRABNER ◽  
ARNOLD KNOPFMACHER ◽  
STEPHAN WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Asymptotic Expansions ◽  
Generating Functions ◽  
Singularity Analysis ◽  
Higher Moments ◽  
Integer Partitions ◽  
Classical Singularity ◽  
Random Integer ◽  
Partition Statistics ◽  
New Statistics

We consider statistical properties of random integer partitions. In order to compute means, variances and higher moments of various partition statistics, one often has to study generating functions of the form P(x)F(x), where P(x) is the generating function for the number of partitions. In this paper, we show how asymptotic expansions can be obtained in a quasi-automatic way from expansions of F(x) around x = 1, which parallels the classical singularity analysis of Flajolet and Odlyzko in many ways. Numerous examples from the literature, as well as some new statistics, are treated via this methodology. In addition, we show how to compute further terms in the asymptotic expansions of previously studied partition statistics.

scholarly journals Minimal factorizations of a cycle: a multivariate generating function

2020 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings, 28th... ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Biane ◽  
Matthieu Josuat-Vergès
Keyword(s):  
Symmetric Group ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Hook Length ◽  
Noncrossing Partitions ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Multivariate Generalization ◽  
International Audience

International audience It is known that the number of minimal factorizations of the long cycle in the symmetric group into a product of k cycles of given lengths has a very simple formula: it is nk−1 where n is the rank of the underlying symmetric group and k is the number of factors. In particular, this is nn−2 for transposition factorizations. The goal of this work is to prove a multivariate generalization of this result. As a byproduct, we get a multivariate analog of Postnikov's hook length formula for trees, and a refined enumeration of final chains of noncrossing partitions.

scholarly journals Enumerating (2+2)-free posets by the number of minimal elements and other statistics

2010 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AN,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kitaev ◽  
Jeffrey Remmel
Keyword(s):  
Generating Function ◽  
Minimal Elements ◽  
Nous Montrons ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Ascent Sequences ◽  
Special Case

International audience A poset is said to be (2+2)-free if it does not contain an induced subposet that is isomorphic to 2+2, the union of two disjoint 2-element chains. In a recent paper, Bousquet-Mélou et al. found, using so called ascent sequences, the generating function for the number of (2+2)-free posets: $P(t)=∑_n≥ 0 ∏_i=1^n ( 1-(1-t)^i)$. We extend this result by finding the generating function for (2+2)-free posets when four statistics are taken into account, one of which is the number of minimal elements in a poset. We also show that in a special case when only minimal elements are of interest, our rather involved generating function can be rewritten in the form $P(t,z)=∑_n,k ≥0 p_n,k t^n z^k = 1+ ∑_n ≥0\frac{zt}{(1-zt)^n+1}∏_i=1^n (1-(1-t)^i)$ where $p_n,k$ equals the number of (2+2)-free posets of size $n$ with $k$ minimal elements. Un poset sera dit (2+2)-libre s'il ne contient aucun sous-poset isomorphe à 2+2, l'union disjointe de deux chaînes à deux éléments. Dans un article récent, Bousquet-Mélou et al. ont trouvé, à l'aide de "suites de montées'', la fonction génératrice des nombres de posets (2+2)-libres: c'est $P(t)=∑_n≥ 0 ∏_i=1^n ( 1-(1-t)^i)$. Nous étendons ce résultat en trouvant la fonction génératrice des posets (\textrm2+2)-libres rendant compte de quatre statistiques, dont le nombre d'éléments minimaux du poset. Nous montrons aussi que lorsqu'on ne s'intéresse qu'au nombre d'éléments minimaux, notre fonction génératrice assez compliquée peut être simplifiée en$P(t,z)=∑_n,k ≥0 p_n,k t^n z^k = 1+ ∑_n ≥0\frac{zt}{(1-zt)^n+1}∏_i=1^n (1-(1-t)^i)$, où $p_n,k$ est le nombre de posets (2+2)-libres de taille $n$ avec $k$ éléments minimaux.

scholarly journals Congruences modulo powers of 5 for the rank parity function

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 43 - Special... ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Frank Garvan
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Theta Function ◽  
Mock Theta Function ◽  
Parity Function ◽  
International Audience

International audience It is well known that Ramanujan conjectured congruences modulo powers of 5, 7 and 11 for the partition function. These were subsequently proved by Watson (1938) and Atkin (1967). In 2009 Choi, Kang, and Lovejoy proved congruences modulo powers of 5 for the crank parity function. The generating function for the rank parity function is f (q), which is the first example of a mock theta function that Ramanujan mentioned in his last letter to Hardy. We prove congruences modulo powers of 5 for the rank parity function.

scholarly journals The short toric polynomial

2011 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AO,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Hetyei
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Reflection Principle ◽  
Lattice Path ◽  
Simple Polytope ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Bound Theorem ◽  
Lattice Path Enumeration ◽  
Nous Utilisons ◽  
Eulerian Poset

International audience We introduce the short toric polynomial associated to a graded Eulerian poset. This polynomial contains the same information as Stanley's pair of toric polynomials, but allows different algebraic manipulations. Stanley's intertwined recurrence may be replaced by a single recurrence, in which the degree of the discarded terms is independent of the rank. A short toric variant of the formula by Bayer and Ehrenborg, expressing the toric h-vector in terms of the cd-index, may be stated in a rank-independent form, and it may be shown using weighted lattice path enumeration and the reflection principle. We use our techniques to derive a formula expressing the toric h-vector of a dual simplicial Eulerian poset in terms of its f-vector. This formula implies Gessel's formula for the toric h-vector of a cube, and may be used to prove that the nonnegativity of the toric h-vector of a simple polytope is a consequence of the Generalized Lower Bound Theorem holding for simplicial polytopes. Nous introduisons le polynôme torique court associé à un ensemble ordonné Eulérien. Ce polynôme contient la même information que le couple de polynômes toriques de Stanley, mais il permet des manipulations algébriques différentes. La récurrence entrecroisée de Stanley peut être remplacée par une seule récurrence dans laquelle le degré des termes écartés est indépendant du rang. La variante torique courte de la formule de Bayer et Ehrenborg, qui exprime le vecteur torique d'un ensemble ordonné Eulérien en termes de son cd-index, est énoncée sous une forme qui ne dépend pas du rang et qui peut être démontrée en utilisant une énumération des chemins pondérés et le principe de réflexion. Nous utilisons nos techniques pour dériver une formule exprimant le vecteur h-torique d'un ensemble ordonné Eulérien dont le dual est simplicial, en termes de son f-vecteur. Cette formule implique la formule de Gessel pour le vecteur h-torique d'un cube, et elle peut être utilisée pour démontrer que la positivité du vecteur h-torique d'un polytope simple est une conséquence du Théorème de la Borne Inférieure Généralisé appliqué aux polytopes simpliciaux.

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