scholarly journals Pesticide residue monitoring in the EuropeanUnion Agricultural Sector via modern analyticaltechniques.A review on Organophosphates

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Organophosphate exposure, via foodproducts circulated within the EU member states, is monitored byvarious researchers and the results are provided to theircorresponding national authorities or to official European monitoringbodies. Different analytical methods for the detection of pesticideresidues in food products are applied, although the most preferablemethod used lately in private or educational laboratories is theQuEChERS method (a solid phase extraction technique) whereas theultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system isgradually gaining ground in regard to pesticide residue trace analysis.This review focused on analyzing, from collected published data, thepreferred methods for the detection of organophosphate pesticideresidues in food products from the European Union AgriculturalSector. Even though a European legislation exists and applies strictguidelines, regulations and even bans, in order to reduce the use ofpersistent pesticides and to encourage the development of targetspecific pesticides, this review shows the current state for monitoringand detecting pesticide residues in general, as well as their possibledrawbacks and possible active solutions for pesticide monitoring intoday’s agriculture sector. In addition, results in the existing literatureare sufficient to demonstrate the difference in efficiency formonitoring and detecting organophosphate pesticide residues,however, more studies are needed to evaluate the available analyticaltechniques so as to strengthen the existing literature and to confirmthe existing data.

Reports on Recent Activities of European Food Safety Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Official Control ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Risk Managers

This report provides an overview of the 2017 official control activities on pesticide residues carried out in the European Union (EU) Member States, Iceland and Norway. It summarises the results of both the 2017 EU-coordinated control programme (EUCP) and the national control programmes (NP). While the NPs are mostly risk based (so called enforcement samples) focusing on pesticides or products originating from countries where a number of exceedances have been observed in the past, the EUCP aims to present a statistically representative snapshot of the situation of pesticide residues in food products that are mostly consumed in the EU following a random sampling procedure. The report includes the outcome of a dietary risk assessment based on the results of the overall 2017 control programmes. The comprehensive analysis of the results of all reporting countries provides risk managers with sound-based evidence for designing future monitoring programmes, in particular for taking decisions on which pesticides and food products should be targeted in risk-based national programmes.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Alexander Gocht ◽  
Nicola Consmüller ◽  
Ferike Thom ◽  
Harald Grethe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

Assessment of phenolic content, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dwaidy ◽  
Dina Cheaib ◽  
Adla Jammoul ◽  
Nada El Darra
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Food Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the safety and quality of organic food product versus conventional ones in the Lebanese market. Design/methodology/approach Selected organic and conventional Lemon and cucumber were assessed for the presence of pesticides residues using LC-MS/MS and GC/MS/MS, also compared at the level of total polyphenols content, flavonoids, tannins and tested for their antiradical and antibacterial activities. Findings The findings indicate that organic lemons were contaminated by four types of pesticide residues (33.33%), while one pesticide residue (22.22%) was detected in conventional one, which were all below the European Union Maximum Residue Limits. For cucumber, six pesticide residues (66.66%) were detected in organic samples, while in conventional, eight pesticide residues (55.55%) were detected. However, absolutely four samples (44.44%) in each of conventional and organic cucumber samples surpass the maximum residue levels. Both lemon and cucumber, regardless of the farming systems, possess potent antioxidant activity with no significant difference, except for lemon, where total polyphenol was highly significant in conventional. Additionally, this study showed that lemon of conventional origin was slightly more effective in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains compared to organic samples, while both cucumber types did not exert any antibacterial effect. Originality/value This is the first paper to assess the polyphenols, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market as well as comparing conventional to organic.

scholarly journals The assessment of agricultural sector in Turkey and selected EU countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Irena Kriščiukaitienė ◽  
Virginia Namiotko ◽  
Ahmet Ali Koç
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Turkish agricultural sector plays an important role in the global market. After the accession to EU Turkey will become important competitor to those countries where export of agricultural and food products are comparatively large. This suits to Lithuania and for this reason it is necessary to compare agriculture sector of those countries, which significantly influence global market. There have been several studies aiming to compare agricultural sector in Turkey and other European countries. However, all those studies did not use multiple criteria methods. The aim of the paper is to propose the methodic to assess agricultural sector of Turkey and selected EU countries. The ranks of the countries yielded by the four methods differ insignificantly. The comparison of economic indicators in 2013 as compared to 2007 had growing tendency, but ranks become almost the same with the exception of Romania and Latvia.

scholarly journals Herbal Production in the Turkish Agricultural Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Support ◽  
New Policies

Agricultural production depends on natural conditions. All the countries try to stabilize and increase the food supply for communities. For this reason, the agriculture sector, support policies analyzed and conducted well. In agricultural support policies, there are different objectives like raising farm incomes, production and productivity. In Turkey, agricultural is very important. Because certain part of the population of Turkey live in rural areas. There are agricultural activities. They support those living in urban areas, especially in times of crisis. People living in rural areas, as well as food and labor force ready for those living in urban areas. In 2001 is an important milestone in Turkish agricultural policies. Before 2001, agricultural support policies consisted of mainly market price support, credit support and input subsidies. New policies started to be implemented after 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of success in the new agricultural support policies in the context of the agreement with the European Union. We tried to find the best way to deal with the current main problems of Turkish Agricultural Sector in last year's.

scholarly journals Revitalisation of agriculture of the Republic of Serbia as a factor of economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Mihailo Ćurčić ◽  
Stefan Slovak ◽  
Stevan Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Comparative

Today, in the era of industrial expansion of developing countries, the Republic of Serbia strives to maintain the required level of progress and join the European Union. On this path of transition, it is necessary to use the comparative advantages in relation to the countries of the region, but also the EU member states. Analysing the available data, it can be established that an important comparative advantage of Serbia lies in the agricultural sector. The aim of this paper is to point out the mentioned comparative advantages, primarily by using the historical-comparative method, and to provide a basis for further decision-making to economic policy makers at the regional and national level. The concept of agricultural and economic policy should be based on the complete revival of agriculture, its revitalization, financial consolidation, innovation and affirmation of the intensification of the production framework.

scholarly journals Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Photometric Detection ◽  
Milk Samples

Abstract A method for simultaneous determination of 13 organophosphorus pesticide residues in milk samples has been developed and validated. The method is based on the extraction of the sample with acetone and petroleum ether, cleanup by gel permeation chromatography, and solid phase extraction, and determination by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The recovery, investigated by analysing blank milk samples spiked with azinphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, diazinon, fenitrothion, methacrifos, methidathion, parathion-methyl, pyrazophos, and triazophos at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 μg/kg, and with parathion and pirimiphos-methyl at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 μg/kg, ranged from 73.1% to 106.2%. Performance characteristics, such as repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility expressed as coefficient of variation were less than 20%. Measurement uncertainty was lower than 22% for all validated organophosphorus pesticides. The limits of quantification were 10 μg/kg for all compounds and allowed determination of residues at, or even below, the maximum residue limits set by the European Union. The satisfactory z-score results of international proficiency tests confirm good accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of the developed method.

scholarly journals Technical efficiency and its determinants in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nowak ◽  
T. Kijek ◽  
K. Domańska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Difference

The study concerns the measurement of the technical efficiency of agriculture in the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2010. The studies were conducted based on the result-oriented DEA method assuming variable advantages of scale. Moreover, in the study, the factors affecting technical efficiency were identified, and the econometric modelling of their impact was performed with the use of the Tobit model. The studies indicate that across the 27 EU Member States, the level of the technical efficiency of agriculture is diverse, and the difference between the states with the highest and the lowest efficiencies is 40%. Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy and Malta were identified as the countries with the thoroughly technically efficient agriculture. In turn, the least technically efficient agriculture is observed for the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia and Slovakia. Taking into account the factors determining the technical agriculture efficiency, it should be noted that the stimulants have proven to be such factors as: the soil quality, the age of the head of the household and the surcharges for investments. In turn, the size of the farm appeared to be irrelevant from the viewpoint of the technical efficiency of the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Agricultural sector in economy of Poland in 1950-2020.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-98
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kowalczyk ◽  
Mariola Kwasek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Entire Economy

Agriculture constitutes one of the first and foremost forms of conscious and organised human activity. Its importance for the society and for the economy stems from its main purpose, namely to meet one of the basic human needs - to satisfy hunger. The period of almost 70 years under consideration brought about exceptional change in the case of Polish agriculture. It consisted of a systematic decline in the potential of agriculture in the economy. The factor that is specific to agriculture - land, evolved relatively the least. Land allocated for agricultural purposes reduced for about one quarter. Much deeper changes have taken place in the other two factors, universal from the point of view of the sectoral application, namely work (human resources) and capital. In the post-war period, trade in agri-food products, albeit small, remained of great importance for the development of Polish agriculture and the entire economy. The nature of the links in this area has also undergone significant changes. Since Poland's accession to the European Union, the balance in foreign trade in agri-food products has been positive and has been growing steadily. This means that foreign customers are becoming increasingly interested in agricultural and food products from Poland. The strategic directions of development for Polish agriculture are the production of bovine meat, poultry meat, eggs, milk and milk products, butter, sugar, fruits, vegetables, pulses, potatoes and cereals. Food consumption has also undergone dynamic changes. The main goal of the paper is to define the position of agriculture in the national economy at various stages of development, as well as changing external conditions, including political, social and economic, which affect this position.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF TAXATION ON THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SITUATION OF FARMS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Średzińska ◽  
Agnieszka Kozera ◽  
Aldona Standar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Topsis Technique

In EU countries, agricultural taxation is of major importance for the competitiveness of economic operators active in the agriculture sector. In many countries, the implementation of non-fiscal objectives plays an essential role in preferential tax regimes targeted at the agricultural sector. This is because the adopted tax regime concept impacts the targets, structure and intensification of agricultural production and, as a consequence, affects the economic and financial performance of farms and other aspects. The main purpose of this paper was to specify the quantitative relationships between taxation levels and the economic and financial situation of farms in European Union countries. The empirical study was composed of two stages. The first stage was a synthetic assessment of farm taxation levels in the EU. For that purpose, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) was used to develop a synthetic indicator used as a basis to arrange the countries and identify the types of farm taxation levels. The types of EU countries grouped by farm taxation levels became the starting point for an analysis of the relationship between taxation and the farms’ economic and financial situation. The sub-indicators of the farms’ economic and financial situation were presented for the typological classes concerned, including sub-indicators of production potential, production intensity, incomes, farm subsidies, indebtedness and investments. The empirical study was based on 2013-2015 FADN data (average figures).

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