scholarly journals PENGUJIAN EKSISTENSI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajar ◽  
Hariyanto
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Tujuan studi adalah untuk menguji eksistensi fenomena environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Metode yang digunakan dalam  penelitian ini adalah metode regresi kuadratik yng diestimasi dengan ordinary least square dengan terlebih dahulu merekonstruksi varibel prediktor. Adapun data yang digunakan adalah emisi karbondioksida per kapita (metrik ton) bersumber dari World Bank Dataset, PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto) nominal (ribuan Rupiah) dan jumlah penduduk yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa fenomena EKC eksis terjadi di Indonesia yang diindikasikan dari koefisien komponen kuadrat pada model signifikan. Ini menyiratkan bahwa aktivitas ekonomi yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat penggunaannya. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi pada titik tertentu yang bermuara pada aktivistas produksi, membuat manusia sadar bahwa lingkungan dan alam harus dijaga dan berkesinambungan untuk kebutuhan ekonomi generasi mendatang.

scholarly journals Analysis of pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in selected Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Fouzia Latif Gill ◽  
Abid Rashid Gill ◽  
K. Kuperan Viswanathan ◽  
Mohd Zaini B Abid Karim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Asean Countries

The Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) claims that following the international trade, developing countries tend to specialize and export pollution-intensive goods to advanced countries.  The current study examines the PHH claim in the context of exports of the six major ASEAN countries to Japan in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework for the period 1989-2017. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLOS) panel co-integration approach has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the EKC model. The results reveal that the EKC does exist while the exports of pollution-intensive goods from the ASEAN to Japan increase the CO2 emission. The study concludes that world pollution cannot be curtailed unless advanced countries reduce the consumption of pollution-intensive goods. Therefore, an integrated well-devised global program is imperative to tackle the alarming issue of global warming, and advanced countries should lead this program.

scholarly journals Dominance of Fossil Fuels in Japan’s National Energy Mix and Implications for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7347
Author(s):  
Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo ◽  
Abraham Ayobamiji Awosusi ◽  
Seun Damola Oladipupo ◽  
Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ◽  
Arunkumar Jayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Despite the drive for increased environmental protection and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), coal, oil, and natural gas use continues to dominate Japan’s energy mix. In light of this issue, this research assessed the position of natural gas, oil, and coal energy use in Japan’s environmental mitigation efforts from the perspective of sustainable development with respect to economic growth between 1965 and 2019. In this regard, the study employs Bayer and Hanck cointegration, fully modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to investigate these interconnections. The empirical findings from this study revealed that the utilization of natural gas, oil, and coal energy reduces the sustainability of the environment with oil consumption having the most significant impact. Furthermore, the study validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Japan. The outcomes of the Gradual shift causality showed that CO2 emissions can predict economic growth, while oil, coal, and energy consumption can predict CO2 emissions in Japan. Given Japan’s ongoing energy crisis, this innovative analysis provides valuable policy insights to stakeholders and authorities in the nation’s energy sector.

scholarly journals Impacto das exportações de alta tecnologia no crescimento econômico: evidências empíricas do Paquistão

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study is to explore the impact of high tech exports on economic growth of Pakistan. To examine this relationship, data are collected from World Bank database, State Bank of Pakistan data source and Statistical Bureau of Pakistan. Time span of study is consisting of 20 years from 1995 to 2014. By using ordinary least square (OLS) with robust standard error, results confirm that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of high tech exports on economic growth. Although Pakistan is an agriculture country and its economic growth is largely depend upon farming, but for long run economic growth, Pakistan has to increase its high tech exports.

scholarly journals Does National Culture Have Any Impact on E-Government Usage?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Merhi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The motivation of this article was the lack of empirical evidence regarding the relationship between culture and actual usage of ICTs/e-government. By using Hofstede's cultural framework, this article explains the influence of national culture on e-government usage across countries controlled by socio-economic factors, specifically, GDP and literacy rate. Data was collected from reputable organizations such as World Bank databases and Hofstede's website. Ordinary least square and truncated regression are used to test the hypotheses presented in this article. Results indicate that nearly all Hofstede's cultural dimensions and e-government usage are significantly related. In particular, this article indicates that the usage of e-government is higher in nations that score low in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity.

scholarly journals Is there an empirical environmental Kuznets curve relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita? A caveat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Uehara ◽  
Mateo Cordier
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Validation

A study by Barnes (2019) concluded that there exists an empirical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita. However, this result needs careful interpretation. The study adopted data that used the World Bank database to compute mismanaged plastic waste amounts. Because data to compute them were not available for all countries, missing data were estimated by relating them to economic classification (i.e., income level). In other words, the data used for the analysis by Barnes simply assumed—without scientific validation—that mismanaged plastic waste amounts are related to economic classification (i.e., income level).

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENERIMAAN REMITANSI TERHADAP PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Misdawati Misdawati ◽  
Syahrituah Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

Abstract—Remittance is a source of external finance for developing countries. This research aims to determine the remittance influence on poverty alleviation in Indonesia, as well as to determine the influence of the control variables on poverty alleviation which is                  unemployment and gross domestic product. This study uses a descriptive quantitative       approach, using time series data from 1999 to 2018 obtained From the World Bank, BPS, Bank Indonesia and BNP2TKI. Data analysis techniques using double linear regression method (multiple linear Regression method) with smallest squared Method (Ordinary Least Square).  The results showed that remittance had significant negative correlation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia by 3,08%. Unemployment has a significant positive impact on      poverty alleviation, and gross domestic product has a significant negative impact on poverty alleviation in Indonesia. Still low delivery remittance that enter Indonesia due to low levels of education that has migrants, low wages, and expensive remittance shipping costs through financial institutions. Keywords: Remittance, Poverty, Indonesia, OLS (DEA)   Abstrak - Remitansi menjadi sumber keuangan eksternal bagi negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh remitansi terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di   Indonesia, serta  untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variabel kontrol terhadap pengentasan  kemiskinan  yaitu Pengangguran dan Produk Domestik Bruto.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif, menggunakan data time series dari tahun 1999 hingga tahun 2018 yang diperoleh dari World Bank, Badan Pusat Statistik, Bank Indonesia dan BNP2TKI. Teknik Analisis data menggunakan Metode Regresi Linier Berganda (Multiple Linier       Regression Method) dengan Metode Kuadrat Terkecil (Ordinary Least Square).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  Remitansi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap           pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia sebesar 3,08 persen. Pengangguran berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan, dan Produk Domestik Bruto  berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Masih rendahnya         pengiriman remitansi yang masuk ke Indonesia disebabkan karena  rendahnya tingkat       pendidikan yang   dimiliki migran, rendahnya tingkat upah, serta mahalnya biaya pengiriman remitansi melalui lembaga keuangan. Kata kunci: Remitansi, Kemiskinan, Indonesia, OLS    

scholarly journals Is there an empirical environmental Kuznets curve relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita? A caveat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Uehara ◽  
Mateo Cordier
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Validation

A study by Barnes (2019) concluded that there exists an empirical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita. However, this result needs careful interpretation. The study adopted data that used the World Bank database to compute mismanaged plastic waste amounts. Because data to compute them were not available for all countries, missing data were estimated by relating them to economic classification (i.e., income level). In other words, the data used for the analysis by Barnes simply assumed—without scientific validation—that mismanaged plastic waste amounts are related to economic classification (i.e., income level).

Investigating Environmental Kuznets Curve: A Panel Data Analysis for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226612110435
Author(s):  
Sweety Pandey ◽  
Mrutyunjaya Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study is to examine the relevance of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in describing the relationship between air pollution and development of a panel of 21 Indian states, using data for the period 2001–2016. This article attempts to use panel unit root, the panel cointegration test and panel dynamic ordinary least square approach to examine the relationship among various variables, including the atmospheric concentration of sulphur dioxide (SO2)/nitrogen dioxide (NO2), net state domestic product, social sector expenditure and other variables used as a proxy for the composition effect and development effect. The empirical analysis indicates that there exists a long-term relationship between the concentration of SO2 and NO2 with per capita income and other variables. In terms of the EKC hypothesis, the findings recommend the existence of a cubic relationship in the long run and emphasise the need to bring environment-friendly structural changes in economic activity and to enhance sustainable development through technological innovation.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for River Water Pollution in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Aisha Sheikh ◽  
Owais Ibni Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
River Water ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Least Square ◽  
National Study ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
River Water Pollution

This article attempts to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for river water pollution for a panel dataset of 15 districts of Uttar Pradesh. There are sharp socio-economic and demographic variations within India; therefore, a regional study can give a better insight into the pollution income relationship of a specific region compared to a national study. Panel unit root tests, Pedroni cointegration test and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) method have been employed to investigate EKC for two water pollutants—biochemcial oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliform (TC). Findings suggest that there is no evidence of an EKC for BOD, but results validate the existence of an EKC for TC. The Swachha Bharat Mission launched in 2014 aimed at eliminating open defecation and increasing toilet access in rural India can be a credited for the reduction in TC levels since 2014. The success of NAMAMI Gange so far seems to be localised to regions where political thrust has expedited the completion of projects.

scholarly journals STUDI ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE DI ASIA: SEBELUM DAN SETELAH MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Sri Indah Nikensari ◽  
Sekar Destilawati ◽  
Siti Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Income ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Goals

Pencemaran lingkungan dapat menurunkan kesejahteraan subyektif (subjective well-being). Studi ini bertujuan membuktikan berlakunya hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) di negara-negara berpendapatan tinggi dan menengah Asia, juga untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh GDP per kapita, konsumsi energi, dan populasi penduduk pada emisi CO2 di wilayah yang sama pada periode sebelum dan setelah MDGs. Data diperoleh dari World Bank dengan periode waktu 1987-2014, di mana analisisnya menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan expose facto, dan melalui persamaan regresi data panel guna mencapai tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa sampai 2014 hipotesis EKC yang berbentuk U-terbalik belum terjadi di negara-negara high income yang diteliti, namun akan terjadi ketika GDP per kapita sudah mencapai USD 51.44 ribu. Sedangkan di negara-negara lower middle income, pola hubungan antara GDP per kapita dan emisi CO2 masih membentuk kurva U, atau dengan kata lain hipotesis EKC belum akan terjadi di negara-negara ini, karena di beberapa negara tersebut masih dalam tahap awal pembangunan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa sebelum MDGs (tahun 2000), GDP per kapita, konsumsi energi dan jumlah penduduk di negara-negara high income berkontribusi atas naiknya emisi CO2, namun pasca MDGs ditetapkan, meningkatnya GDP per kapita mampu menurunkan emisi CO2. Sedangkan di negara-negara low middle income, di awal penelitian sebelum MDGs, data menunjukkan bahwa CO2 sudah tinggi pada saat GDP per kapita masih rendah, dan pasca MDGs, kenaikan GDP per kapita masih berkontribusi atas meningkatnya emisi CO2.

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