Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Bank Konvensional terhadap Tingkat Keuntungan Bank Syariah

Perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia sangat pesat beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Namun, market share perbankan syariah masih jauh di bawah harapan. Kajian-kajian teori sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa lingkungan persaingan antar bank, dalam hal ini bank konvensional dan bank syariah, sangat mempengaruhi kinerja bank syariah. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan bank konvensional yang digambarkan dengan tingkat suku bunga (SB) terhadap keuntungan bank syariah yang digambarkan dengan Return on Assets (ROA). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Vector Autoregressive (VAR) dengan tambahan analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) dan Variance Decomposition Analysis (VDC). Hasil analisis menggunakan VAR (1) menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif signifikan pada ) jika terjadi shock pada tingkat suku bunga tabungan bank konvensional (SB). Kondisi ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Haron dan Ahmad (2000); Haron (2004), serta Zainol dan Kassim (2012) yang mengemukakan bahwa apabila tingkat suku bunga tabungan bank konvensional meningkat, maka nasabah bank syariah akan beralih ke bank kovensional yang dianggap memberikan keuntungan lebih besar, sehingga keuntungan bank syariah mengalami penurunan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua konsumen bank syariah merupakan konsumen yang loyalis, perbankan syariah dituntut bertindak rasional, yaitu dengan cara menetapkan tingkat bagi hasil yang kompetitif terhadap tingkat suku bunga bank konvensional.

Pengaruh Qualification Mismatch terhadap Upah Tenaga Kerja Di Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa kejadian qualification mismatch dan pengaruhnya terhadap upah tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan SAKERNAS 2018, qualification mismatch diidentifikasi menggunakan metode normatif. Vertical mismatch diperoleh dengan membandingkan tingkat pendidikan dan golongan pekerjaan (KBJI 1 digit), sedangkan horizontal mismatch membandingkan klasifikasi jurusan pendidikan (3 digit ISCED-F) dan klasifikasi jabatan (KBJI 3 digit). Pada tahun 2018, tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation berjumlah sebesar 4.6% dan overeducation sebesar 27.9%. Sedangkan kejadian field of study mismatch terjadi pada 68.4% tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Pengaruh qualification mismatch terhadap upah tenaga kerja diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode ordinary least square. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat wage premium sebesar 5.24%-6.24% pada tenaga kerja yang mengalami undereducation. Wage penalty sebesar 6.26%-7.50% diperoleh tenaga kerja yang mengalami overeducation, sedangkan yang mengalami field of study mismatch sebesar 5.89%-6.80%.

Special Allocation Fund (DAK) For Education Sector : A Development Evaluation Perspective Of Fiscal YEAR 2019

National development in education is essentially carried out in order to improve the quality of human resources. In practice, this is established in a series of programs and activities involving the central and regional governments related to authority and funding capacity. One of the efforts to reduce fiscal inequality in education, the central government allocates special allocation funds (DAK). This transfer fund is needed because up to 2019 efforts to improve access and quality of education services through the fulfillment learning facilities and infrastructure standards. This paper analyse the planning and implementation of the DAK 2019 for physical assignment in education from the perspective of development evaluation. This study uses a mixed method with numerical data even secondary and primary. Data collection was obtained through discussion and questionnaires. The content analysis method is used to find gaps in central-regional planning. The study also analyse news analysis by using Intelligent Media Monitoring (IMM) tool. The results of the study found several obstacles, including: 1) Disparity in the ability of human resources in preparing proposals as well as differences in information accessibility between vocational high school (SMK) managers in urban and rural areas; 2) Budget planning is not optimal in the DAK proposal; 3) Student Practice Room (RPS) is not optimal due to the unavailability of practical equipment and equipment; 4) Determination of the allocation does not fully reflect the magnitude of the needs of school accreditation; 5) Lack of transparency and public audits in the management of DAK of Education Sector.

POTENSI DAMPAK PLATFORM PEER-TO-PEER ECONOMY AIRBNB TERHADAP USAHA PENYEDIAAN AKOMODASI DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA

Seiring dengan perkembangan jaman dan kemajuan teknologi telah memunculkan berbagai Platform Sharing Economy. Platform yang terkenal saat ini GOJEK dan GRAB (transportasi online) serta AIRBNB (Penyediaan Akomodasi) menawarkan kemudahan dan efisiensi untuk menarik minat konsumen. Namun keberadaan sharing platform ini tidak serta merta diterima oleh pemilik usaha konvensional yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Hal ini terjadi karena, jenis usaha yang dijalankan oleh sharing platform umumnya merupakan usaha konvensional yang mengalami penambahan nilai dengan menggunakan teknologi informasi. Untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dampak kemunculan fenomena sharing platform terhadap kondisi industri pariwisata khususnya usaha penyedia jasa akomodasi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta digunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan mengeksplorasi fenomena sosial melalui studi kepustakaan, Focus Group Discussion serta peramalan (forecast). Berdasarkan data Airbnb sampai Juli 2018 terdapat 5.494 listing host dengan 254 host atau 7% nya merupakan super listing host yang memiliki tidak hanya 1 unit akomodasi. Pendapatan Airbnb tercatat mencapai Rp. 14,4 miliar. Jumlah ini meningkat 6,25% per bulan. Data pengguna Airbnb juga menunjukkan komposisi tamu asing dan domestik perbedaannya semakin tipis. Hasil peramalan menggunakan data tingkat penghunian kamar (TPK), diperkirakan jenis listing Entire Home akan memiliki TPK yang sama dengan hotel bintang pada Juni 2023 dan hotel non bintang pada bulan November 2023. Potensi penerimaan pajak dari Airbnb dapat mencapai Rp. 1,5 milyar per bulan. Masih minimnya peraturan mengenai digital platform sehingga perlu adanya perundangan-undangan khusus membahas digital platform, kebijakan zonasi pemilik Airbnb, pengawasan sosial serta lingkungan dan monitoring penggunaan platform Airbnb.

Expected Inflation Phenomena on Inflation and Unemployment Tradeoff - Evidence from Indonesia

This study is about Indonesian Phillips curve from 1990 to 2019 using a VAR model. I found inflation and unemployment tradeoff, but expected inflation is negative. Negative expected inflation will face difficulties to BI in managing interest rate stemmed from economic shocks. Monetary contraction will decrease output and increase both unemployment and inflation. Conversely, monetary expansion does not experience a significant output growth. Monetary expansion should be maintained at a longer period to increase output and purchasing power, then expected inflation will undergo a dynamic process to become positive as modified Phillips curve suggested. Keywords: expected inflation, inflation and unemployment tradeoff, Phillips curve JEL Classification: E31, E52, O42

THE Economic Assesment On Bottom Ash Utilizing As The Bio Coal Fuel

Coal bottom ash was included in Hazardous and Toxic Waste (LB3), which requires seriously manage not to warm the environment and humans health. LB3 management becomes an obligation for the industry which producing it and being a burden in itself due to the project of waste utilization often regarded as the high-cost investment projects or less profitable. This study aims to conduct an economic assessment of pilot-scale projects to reuse bottom ash to support the clean industry strategy. The study mixed coal bottom ash with biomass from municipalities solid waste (MSW), called bio-coal fuel. These raw materials were combined with a composition 60%:40% weight (bottom ash: biomass) to be briquette form by adding amylum as a binder. This study used the benefit-cost analysis approach to assess economic feasibility. Tree indicators used in this study were net benefit-cost ratio, payback period, and return on investment. These indicators provided the company policy to continue or stop this project. The finding study showed that the company got a payback period and the net benefit from the ninth year. The company also achieved a net B/C ratio was more than one, and ROI was 1.09 times in the ninth year. The other beneficiaries acquired by the company was included external costs, such as risks from commitment failure by third parties in coal waste management, costs rising risk of purchasing coal, and given a positive value for providing employment.

SEGITIGA KEMISKINAN-PERTUMBUHAN-KETIMPANGAN (PGI TRIANGLE): PEMBANGUNAN KEUANGAN, PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA, DAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI ASIA

One of the issues faced by countries in asia is income inequality. Economic development is expected to improvepeoples living standards to minimize the gap between low-income and high-income populations. One of economicdevelopment is through financial development. The financial sector plays an important role in the economy of acountry, the development of the financial sector will indirectly increase the output of other sectors so as to tie thevalue of the gross domestic product (gdp). In addition to equality and economic growth, economic developmentalso needs to see whether the two are related to human development as described in the poverty-growth-inequality triangle (pgi triangle). The purpose of this study is to see a picture of the inequality of income distribution, financial development and human development in six asian countries. The analysis used descriptive statistics and panel data regression, specifically fixed effect model (fem) and the random effect model (rem). The result showed that there is a significant influence between financial development and human development on income inequality, the higher the financial development will reduce the level of inequality of a country. Meanwhile, the high value of human development actually increases inequality.

MODEL SOSIAL-EKONOMI DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI INDONESIA

Ketahanan pangan adalah salah satu prioritas pembangunan dalam Rencana Kerja Pemerintah (RKP). Perumusan kebijakan tentang implementasi ketahanan pangan harus mampu memberikan output yang dapat mengarah pada stabilisasi ketersediaan pangan berdasarkan swasembada, serta meningkatkan kemudahan akses dan kemampuan mengakses pangan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data tingkat rumah tangga dari Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) kelima dengan jumlah rumah tangga yang diperkirakan sebanyak 9819 rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi logistik sebagai metode estimasi, dengan variabel dependen yaitu ketahanan pangan yang dihitung berdasarkan food consumption score (FCS). Sementara, variabel independen yang digunakan adalah: (1) profil kepala rumah tangga yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, tingkat pendidikan; (2) faktor kualitatif yang meliputi jenis pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga, bahan bakar utama untuk memasak, ketersediaan toilet, listrik, dan sumber air di dalam rumah; dan (3) lokasi rumah tangga (perkotaan atau perdesaan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga adalah aspek sanitasi (keberadaan toilet dan sumber air di dalam rumah), penggunaan bahan bakar utama untuk memasak, lokasi rumah tangga, serta usia, status, tingkat pendidikan dan jenis mata pencaharian kepala rumah tangga.

PERSEPSI PETANI DAN PERMASALAHAN PROGRAM KARTU TANI MENDUKUNG DISTRIBUSI PUPUK BERSUBSIDI

The farmer card program had been launched since 2016 in the java region, but its implementation had not shown significant progress until now. The objective of this study is to analyze the farmers perception of the farmer card program in supporting the distribution of subsidized fertilizers. The results of the analysis using the weighted average index (wai) showed that there were some strong and weak factors of farmers perceptions of this program. The farmers gave a strong factor in their perception about the certainty of obtaining subsidized fertilizers and the ease of obtaining subsidized fertilizer by using the card. However, the farmers also had a strong factor in their perception that the farmer card program wqs not well socialized and had difficulty using the card. On the other hand, the analysis also found that farmers had a weak perception of using farmer cards. This was because the use of farmer cards was not compulsory for the farmer, and there was a lack of promotion from the local kiosk in using the farmer card to obtain fertilizer from local fertilizer distributors. The main problem in implementing farmer card was the lack of awareness from the farmer to use them, difficulties in using the card, and the use of this card was not being required by the local government. To make farmer card program successful, we recommended to implement it as a national program, enhance cooperation and common views among the parties, provide the availability of a communication infrastructure network, and socialize it more comprehensive and planned

EMPLOYMENT CONDITION, THE EFFECTS OF HUSBAND’S OCCUPATION, AND EDUCATION ON PARTICIPATION OF MARRIED WOMEN IN THE INDONESIAN LABOR MARKET

A previous study has shown that households with both the head and the spouse joining the labor force tend to exit from poverty. In Indonesia, women that actively participated in labor market were relatively small, only around 50% in 2017. Meanwhile, most of the women in Indonesia were married in 2017. A husband was one of the factors affecting their wife’s decision to participate in labor market. This study investigates married women’s employment conditions and the effects of husband’s occupation and education on their labor market participation. The research sample consists of women aged 15-year-old and above, married, and living with their husband. We found that the higher the husband’s education, the lower married women’s probability of participating in the labor market. Husbands with an informal occupation increased married women’s probability to be in the labor force.