"Stratagems: an innovative approach for increasing cognitive authenticity in gamebased environments"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Newsome ◽  
Laura Militello ◽  
M. A ◽  
Sowmya Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Rescue Helicopter ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

"Combat Search and Rescue aircrew are tasked with challenging missions, usually under conditions of time pressure, dynamic conditions, and a high degree of uncertainty. Many skills required for successful outcomes (e.g., solving problems quickly; accurately evaluating risks; adapting to rapidly changing environmental conditions) are acquired and maintained through first-hand experiences. This paper describes a research project to develop a pedagogically effective game-based trainer for cognitive skills required for Combat Rescue Helicopter aircrew. Training scenarios are developed using cognitive interviewing techniques in order to promote cognitive authenticity. The trainer will pose critical decisions and provide expert feedback utilizing ShadowBox®, a proven coaching technique that enables trainees to obtain insight into the decisionmaking processes and reasoning of experts."

scholarly journals Zeaxanthin, a Molecule for Photoprotection in Many Different Environments

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5825
Author(s):  
Barbara Demmig-Adams ◽  
Jared J. Stewart ◽  
Marina López-Pozo ◽  
Stephanie K. Polutchko ◽  
William W. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

Conversion of sunlight into photochemistry depends on photoprotective processes that allow safe use of sunlight over a broad range of environmental conditions. This review focuses on the ubiquity of photoprotection associated with a group of interconvertible leaf carotenoids, the xanthophyll cycle. We survey the striking plasticity of this process observed in nature with respect to (1) xanthophyll cycle pool size, (2) degree and speed of interconversion of its components, and (3) flexibility in the association between xanthophyll cycle conversion state and photoprotective dissipation of excess excitation energy. It is concluded that the components of this system can be independently tuned with a high degree of flexibility to produce a fit for different environments with various combinations of light, temperature, and other factors. In addition, the role of genetic variation is apparent from variation in the response of different species growing side-by-side in the same environment. These findings illustrate how field studies can generate insight into the adjustable levers that allow xanthophyll cycle-associated photoprotection to support plant photosynthetic productivity and survival in environments with unique combinations of environmental factors.

Gestural communication of apes

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pika ◽  
Katja Liebal ◽  
Josep Call ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gestural Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

Gestural communication of nonhuman primates may allow insight into the evolutionary scenario of human communication given the flexible use and learning of gestures as opposed to vocalizations. This paper provides an overview of the work on the gestural communication of apes with the focus on their repertoire, learning mechanisms, and the flexibility of gesture use during interactions with conspecifics. Although there is a variation between the species in the types and numbers of gestures performed, the influence of ecology, social structure and cognitive skills on their gestural repertoires is relatively restricted. As opposed to humans, apes do not use their gestures referentially nor do their gestures show the symbolic or conventionalized features of human gestural communication. However, since the gestural repertoires of apes are characterized by a high degree of individual variability and flexibility of use as opposed to their vocalizations it seems plausible that the gestures were the modality within which symbolic communication first evolved.

Gestural communication of apes

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pika ◽  
Katja Liebal ◽  
Josep Call ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Gestural Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Evolutionary Scenario ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

Gestural communication of nonhuman primates may allow insight into the evolutionary scenario of human communication given the flexible use and learning of gestures as opposed to vocalizations. This paper provides an overview of the work on the gestural communication of apes with the focus on their repertoire, learning mechanisms, and the flexibility of gesture use during interactions with conspecifics. Although there is a variation between the species in the types and numbers of gestures performed, the influence of ecology, social structure and cognitive skills on their gestural repertoires is relatively restricted. As opposed to humans, apes do not use their gestures referentially nor do their gestures show the symbolic or conventionalized features of human gestural communication. However, since the gestural repertoires of apes are characterized by a high degree of individual variability and flexibility of use as opposed to their vocalizations it seems plausible that the gestures were the modality within which symbolic communication first evolved.

scholarly journals Open-ended versus Closed Probes: Assessing Different Formats of Web Probing

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412110312
Author(s):  
Cornelia E. Neuert ◽  
Katharina Meitinger ◽  
Dorothée Behr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

The method of web probing integrates cognitive interviewing techniques into web surveys and is increasingly used to evaluate survey questions. In a usual web probing scenario, probes are administered immediately after the question to be tested (concurrent probing), typically as open-ended questions. A second possibility of administering probes is in a closed format, whereby the response categories for the closed probes are developed during previously conducted qualitative cognitive interviews. Using closed probes has several benefits, such as reduced costs and time efficiency, because this method does not require manual coding of open-ended responses. In this article, we investigate whether the insights gained into item functioning when implementing closed probes are comparable to the insights gained when asking open-ended probes and whether closed probes are equally suitable to capture the cognitive processes for which traditionally open-ended probes are intended. The findings reveal statistically significant differences with regard to the variety of themes, the patterns of interpretation, the number of themes per respondent, and nonresponse. No differences in number of themes across formats by sex and educational level were found.

The concept of the model of air search and rescue system

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Norbert Chamier-Gliszczyński ◽  
Jerzy Fiuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
System Model ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
The Subject

The article introduces a short outline of the concept of a scientific approach to the subject of search and rescue. Next, the model presents the mapping of selected assets with an indication of the assets essential for the rescue operation's configuration critical to the system. The crucial elements of the rescue operation that must be included in the model are: determining the location of the sought entity, environmental conditions during the rescue operation, survival conditions at the crash site, available assets (e.g. helicopters, described in the system model), the structure of the necessary commands to manage a rescue operation.

Oil Companies and Climate Change: Inconsistencies between Strategy Formulation and Implementation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Andreassen Sæverud ◽  
Jon Birger Skjærseth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines major oil companies in terms of climate strategies and their implementation. More specifıcally, it takes a critical look at Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil, and the relationship between rhetoric and action regarding investments in climate-friendly activities. Empirical evidence indicates a generally high degree of consistency between what these companies say and what they do, but interesting differences are also found: ExxonMobil has done somewhat more than its climate strategy formulations would suggest; Shell has done somewhat less; whereas BP's activities are mainly in line with its statements. Factors at three levels contribute to explaining these differences: (1) the company level, 2) the political framework conditions in the various regions where the companies operate, 3) international climate cooperation. The fındings and explanations, although restricted to the three oil companies with regard to climate change, provide insight into the relationship between corporate strategies and implementation more generally. They offer understanding and analytical categories for assessing how well and why such multinational entities put into practice stated objectives.

scholarly journals Vies en Vlaams: de literaire contestatie uit de jaren zestig

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Liesbeth Plateau
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Nineteen Sixties ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Short Life Span ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Key Players ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

This contribution presents an introductory analysis of one of the key players of the socalled“stenciled revolution” in Flanders in the nineteen sixties. Before concepts likeprovo distressed the entire societal and cultural life in the Netherlands, certain phenomenain Flanders anticipated to this. From 1963, small stenciled magazines shot up likemushrooms in the Flemish literary field. Due to their aggressive stand against the literaryestablishment, the critics quickly caught sight of them and engaged in an energeticpolemic. Because of their involvement in the literary polemics, the stenciled magazinesshortly determined the literary life to a high degree. However, partly due to their complexhistory and short life span, a systematic investigation of this phenomenon has not yet beenconducted. Nevertheless, the underground- magazines of the “stenciled revolution” are invarious ways relevant to a renewed literary history, as they explore both the literary-criticaland the creative-literary boundaries of the traditional contrast between literature andnon-literature. In this article, I focus on one of the most creative-literary oriented of theseFlemish stenciled magazines, namely daele (1966-1968), to gain an insight into the identityof the “stenciled revolution”.

scholarly journals Complex Minisatellite Rearrangements Generated in the Total or Partial Absence of Rad27/hFEN1 Activity Occur in a Single Generation and Are Rad51 and Rad52 Dependent

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 6675-6689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Lopes ◽  
Cyril Ribeyre ◽  
Alain Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Model System ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT Genomes contain tandem repeat blocks that are at risk of expansion or contraction. The mechanisms of destabilization of the human minisatellite CEB1 (arrays of 36- to 43-bp repeats) were investigated in a previously developed model system, in which CEB1-0.6 (14 repeats) and CEB1-1.8 (42 repeats) alleles were inserted into the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As in human cells, CEB1 is stable in mitotically growing yeast cells but is frequently rearranged in the absence of the Rad27/hFEN1 protein involved in Okazaki fragments maturation. To gain insight into this mode of destabilization, the CEB1-1.8 and CEB1-0.6 human alleles and 47 rearrangements derived from a CEB1-1.8 progenitor in rad27Δ cells were sequenced. A high degree of polymorphism of CEB1 internal repeats was observed, attesting to a large variety of homology-driven rearrangements. Simple deletion, double deletion, and highly complex events were observed. Pedigree analysis showed that all rearrangements, even the most complex, occurred in a single generation and were inherited equally by mother and daughter cells. Finally, the rearrangement frequency was found to increase with array size, and partial complementation of the rad27Δ mutation by hFEN1 demonstrated that the production of novel CEB1 alleles is Rad52 and Rad51 dependent. Instability can be explained by an accumulation of unresolved flap structures during replication, leading to the formation of recombinogenic lesions and faulty repair, best understood by homology-dependent synthesis-strand displacement and annealing.

Molecular interactions shaping the tetraspanin web

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd J. van Deventer ◽  
Vera-Marie E. Dunlock ◽  
Annemiek B. van Spriel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Partner Proteins ◽  
Insight Into

To facilitate the myriad of different (signaling) processes that take place at the plasma membrane, cells depend on a high degree of membrane protein organization. Important mediators of this organization are tetraspanin proteins. Tetraspanins interact laterally among themselves and with partner proteins to control the spatial organization of membrane proteins in large networks called the tetraspanin web. The molecular interactions underlying the formation of the tetraspanin web were hitherto mainly described based on their resistance to different detergents, a classification which does not necessarily correlate with functionality in the living cell. To look at these interactions from a more physiological point of view, this review discusses tetraspanin interactions based on their function in the tetraspanin web: (1) intramolecular interactions supporting tetraspanin structure, (2) tetraspanin–tetraspanin interactions supporting web formation, (3) tetraspanin–partner interactions adding functional partners to the web and (4) cytosolic tetraspanin interactions regulating intracellular signaling. The recent publication of the first full-length tetraspanin crystal structure sheds new light on both the intra- and intermolecular tetraspanin interactions that shape the tetraspanin web. Furthermore, recent molecular dynamic modeling studies indicate that the binding strength between tetraspanins and between tetraspanins and their partners is the complex sum of both promiscuous and specific interactions. A deeper insight into this complex mixture of interactions is essential to our fundamental understanding of the tetraspanin web and its dynamics which constitute a basic building block of the cell surface.

The value of cognitive interviewing techniques in palliative care research

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fliss E M Murtagh ◽  
Julia M Addington-Hall ◽  
Irene J Higginson
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cognitive Interviewing ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Interviewing Techniques
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