Oil Companies and Climate Change: Inconsistencies between Strategy Formulation and Implementation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Andreassen Sæverud ◽  
Jon Birger Skjærseth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Insight Into

This article examines major oil companies in terms of climate strategies and their implementation. More specifıcally, it takes a critical look at Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil, and the relationship between rhetoric and action regarding investments in climate-friendly activities. Empirical evidence indicates a generally high degree of consistency between what these companies say and what they do, but interesting differences are also found: ExxonMobil has done somewhat more than its climate strategy formulations would suggest; Shell has done somewhat less; whereas BP's activities are mainly in line with its statements. Factors at three levels contribute to explaining these differences: (1) the company level, 2) the political framework conditions in the various regions where the companies operate, 3) international climate cooperation. The fındings and explanations, although restricted to the three oil companies with regard to climate change, provide insight into the relationship between corporate strategies and implementation more generally. They offer understanding and analytical categories for assessing how well and why such multinational entities put into practice stated objectives.

scholarly journals State of Climate Law∵The Third Pillar of International Climate Change Law: Explaining ‘Loss and Damage’ after the Paris Agreement

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

With the 2015 Paris Agreement, ‘loss and damage’ (L&D) was introduced into the unfccc treaty framework as a new, third substantive area of climate change law. Both before and after its adoption, this new area has been subject to much contention—and this is reflected in a high degree of uncertainty surrounding its interpretation. This article examines the definition of L&D and the types of impact covered by the notion. It also examines the relationship of L&D with mitigation and adaptation, as well as the instruments that are covered by it. Finally, the article considers the controversial issue of who can invoke L&D—and against whom.

scholarly journals Climate Change Disclosure: An Empirical Study On The Oil & Gas Companies Listed on Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirus Salat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Toronto Stock Exchange ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This research investigates the current state of disclosure on the climate change issues of the oil & gas companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Using a sample of 58 companies, I conduct a content analysis of their publicly available documents and develop a disclosure index. The study demonstrates that there is a significant association between the level of disclosure of climate change issues (disclosures index) and the board of director’s effectiveness (measured by Board Shareholder Confidence Index) for Canadian oil & gas companies. This study also explores the association between firms’ value and the level of climate change disclosure. The empirical evidence indicates that the investors take the extent of disclosures on climate changes into considerations when they assess the market value of the firms. This study contributes to environmental accounting literature because it examines the relationship between climate change disclosures and corporate governance. From a practical point of view, the outcome of this analysis will help Canadian Securities Administrator (CSA) to have insight into climate change disclosures practices and provides a frame of references for developing related disclosures requirement.

Perception of undergraduate from veterinary medicine course about sustainability in the training of the future veterinarian

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
João Fernando Zamberlan ◽  
Kiara Nicole Jandrey ◽  
Camila Izabel Giacomolli ◽  
Maurício Paulo Batistella Pasini ◽  
Rafael Pivotto Bortolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Future ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

In the last decades, sustainability has become the subject of many discussions mainly driven by the global concern over climate change and scarcity of natural resources. So, some measures were agreed in the major international rounds on the environment as well as on educationally planning of countries that have established a commitment to integrate sustainability in different educational levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the importance given be by the veterinary medicine students about sustainability in their training. The study is descriptive with quantitative approach where the Likert scale questionnaire with 5 scales was used and applied to students of the last semesters of veterinary medicine in a university. Subsequently the data were tabulated and a general boxplot type graph was elaborated showing the distribution of data. Most students presented a high degree of agreement regarding the relationship between sustainability with professional training. It can be drawn the conclusion that it is important and necessary for the formation of the veterinarian of the future.

Relationships, Climate Change, and the Robins of Spring

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Mikhaela E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Large Piece ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Storytelling is a powerful way to explore climate change on a local level. Through listening to local elders, we get insight into the differences in weather patterns over a long period of time. More importantly, we gain insight into a broader picture of what climate, weather, and nature mean to human relationships, not only the relationship to weather, but to culture, myth, and life. By observing and listening closely, we learn to remember that nature speaks to us, is a large piece of the human spirit, and contains within itself a history of humankind.

scholarly journals Climate Change Disclosure: An Empirical Study On The Oil & Gas Companies Listed on Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirus Salat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Toronto Stock Exchange ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This research investigates the current state of disclosure on the climate change issues of the oil & gas companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Using a sample of 58 companies, I conduct a content analysis of their publicly available documents and develop a disclosure index. The study demonstrates that there is a significant association between the level of disclosure of climate change issues (disclosures index) and the board of director’s effectiveness (measured by Board Shareholder Confidence Index) for Canadian oil & gas companies. This study also explores the association between firms’ value and the level of climate change disclosure. The empirical evidence indicates that the investors take the extent of disclosures on climate changes into considerations when they assess the market value of the firms. This study contributes to environmental accounting literature because it examines the relationship between climate change disclosures and corporate governance. From a practical point of view, the outcome of this analysis will help Canadian Securities Administrator (CSA) to have insight into climate change disclosures practices and provides a frame of references for developing related disclosures requirement.

scholarly journals Assessing company strength in South Africa using value added: 1990-2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. King ◽  
W. D. Hamman
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
African Context ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Insight Into

This article aims to determine if value added-based ratio analysis could be used to measure organisation strength and be useful as a tool in corporate strategy formulation. The areas of investigation included productivity of production factors, reinvestment in capital and overall business control.Productivity measurement provides insight into the capital and labour intensity of organisations. Some organisations were able to exert high value added to sales ratios, but they did not perform as well when their productivity levels were measured. Reinvestment in capital tries to establish if organisations have the means to uphold and strengthen their present asset base, which also includes its human capital. Margins on sales and value added are used to measure overall business control and provide insight into the ability of organisations to add value through their own production skills or by command of lucrative contracts with suppliers. Organisations that are able to show high values on both ratios are said to display a high degree of overall business control.The formulas used in this article are a replication of those used by the mentioned authors. The models as developed by Bryant are specifically used to see how they fit in the South African context and to draw conclusions about their use for future purposes.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Assessment of Drought and Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
yimin Qian ◽  
Shuiping Yao ◽  
Kun Yan ◽  
Wenjia Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Slow Onset

Drought is one of slow onset natural hazards with great impacts in many aspects, such as economy, agricultural and human health. To well manage drought, the areal coverage, duration and frequency can be analyzed and estimated to provide insight into historical perspective of drought events as well the long-term variation of climate in the study area. This study tries to explore the natural of drought including its definitions, categories, trigger mechanism and possible mitigation methods. This research studies the drought characteristics in Wyoming, United States based on the rainfall data from the U. S Historical Climatology Network (USHCN). The main approach is Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), which provides the means to analyze drought at different time scales and discusses the relationship between drought and climate change.

scholarly journals Circulating clonally expanded T cells reflect functions of tumor-infiltrating T cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana E. Lucca ◽  
Pierre-Paul Axisa ◽  
Benjamin Lu ◽  
Brian Harnett ◽  
Shlomit Jessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Monitoring ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Circulating T Cells ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding the relationship between tumor and peripheral immune environments could allow longitudinal immune monitoring in cancer. Here, we examined whether T cells that share the same TCRαβ and are found in both tumor and blood can be interrogated to gain insight into the ongoing tumor T cell response. Paired transcriptome and TCRαβ repertoire of circulating and tumor-infiltrating T cells were analyzed at the single-cell level from matched tumor and blood from patients with metastatic melanoma. We found that in circulating T cells matching clonally expanded tumor-infiltrating T cells (circulating TILs), gene signatures of effector functions, but not terminal exhaustion, reflect those observed in the tumor. In contrast, features of exhaustion are displayed predominantly by tumor-exclusive T cells. Finally, genes associated with a high degree of blood–tumor TCR sharing were overexpressed in tumor tissue after immunotherapy. These data demonstrate that circulating TILs have unique transcriptional patterns that may have utility for the interrogation of T cell function in cancer immunotherapy.

The relationship between climate change and internal migration in the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alejandro Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel ◽  
Esteban Martínez Díaz ◽  
Dulce María Monroy Becerril
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
South American ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between climate change and internal migration in the Americas.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review type of research synthesize the state of knowledge; it was searched through the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, among other databases, for articles that focused on climate migration, gender, water stress and models for predicting movement.FindingsDecreased water availability and increased prevalence to water-related disasters causes internal migration. Also, male out migration is quite prevalent in South American nations with women being left to take care of the families.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need for further primary research to analyse what actions the Americas are taking to carve out a large policy-making space for themselves in climate change and internal migration.Originality/valueThe 32 papers explored in the discussion section present a novel insight into climate change, water usage, gender and internal migration. The papers also elucidate that cultural and ideological conflicts are bound to occur as the communities move with the receiving society finding it hard to accommodate the needs of the climate migrants.

Climate shocks and the supply and demand for climate governance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Climate Shocks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p>Existing studies have demonstrated substantial and robust effects of temperature shocks on economic growth, agricultural output, labor productivity, conflict, and health. These studies help clarify the impacts of climate change on social and economic systems, yet the relationship between climate shocks and political outcomes are less well identified. What effect do climate shocks have on states' climate policies? In this paper, I estimate the relationship between national-level temperature and rainfall shocks and the supply and demand for international climate governance. Temperature shocks may increase the salience of climate change in national politics and lead political leaders to adjust policies to match. Similarly, temperature shocks may have material consequences that induce adaptation---one avenue being to use international institutions to coordinate a global response to climate impacts. I argue that the responsiveness of national governments to climate shocks is conditioned by the political and natural context in which governments operate. Specifically, I expect that democratic governments will be more responsive to climate shocks, as will countries that are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. I assess whether countries that experience more frequent and more severe climate shocks participate more in international climate politics and adjust their climate policies. I examine four sets of outcomes at the national level: (1) membership in international institutions that govern climate change, (2) the provision and receipt of climate finance, (3) representation at the UN climate conferences, and (4) national climate policies. As the climate changes, we are developing stronger evidence about the underlying natural relationships, but the heterogenous effects across socio-political contexts are less well understood. This paper contributes to our understanding of how climate change shapes national policy and with it the ability of countries to manage and adapt to climate change.</p>

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