scholarly journals Évaluation de la dose aux patients lors de l’examen du thorax de face à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire 

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1b) ◽  
pp. C20A09-1-C20A09-4
Author(s):  
Issa Konaté ◽  
◽  
P. Claude Kezo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Anterior View ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Made In

Our study aims to evaluate medical practices in order to reduce patient doses for frontal examination of the thorax in postero-anterior view. Thus, in five (5) radiological rooms of five (5) most frequented hospitals in Abidjan, thirty (30) patients per medical center, meaning a total of one hundred and fifty (150) patients, providing chest examination reports were followed. Using a DAP- meter consisting of an ionization chamber attached to the outlet of the tube and an electrometer, the dose in air (Dair) was measured. Then by calculating the entry dose (De) for each patient was determined. Thus, from the statistical method of the 75th percentile we determine the level of diagnostic references (DRL) in each room as well as in all the rooms of our study. The inlet dose averages (Dem) in each room and in all rooms were calculated. The couples (NRD, Dem) per room expressed in mGy (0.252, 0.226), (0.249, 0.213), (0.164, 0.159), (0.128, 0.117) and (0.234, 0.211) respectively at the CHU of Cocody, CHU of Yopougon, HMA, ICA and PISAM. By comparing the NRD value of De to that of Dem in each radiological room, we found Dem values lower than the NRD. This indicates that the doses are optimized in the rooms of our study, likewise, for all the rooms in Abidjan (0.220, 0.177). However, the average values of the voltage 104.04 kV and the load 4.55 mAs tell us that efforts can be made in the rooms of our study, increasing the voltage and reducing the load, to avoid unneeded doses of X-rays.

EXTRAORAL AND CBCT DENTAL EXPOSURES IN PORTUGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Hugo Trindade ◽  
Inês Morais ◽  
Abigail Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Made In

Abstract Data from dental extraoral and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exposures in Portugal (2019) were gathered, and patient doses for standard adult exams were evaluated. In panoramic X-rays, 442 units (34% of the existing licensed units) were tested, with a third quartile value (PKA) of 82 mGy.cm2. For cephalometric radiography (88 units), the third quartile value (Ki) was 0.3 mGy for the posteroanterior projection and 0.2 mGy for lateral projection. In CBCT (69 units), the doses for the placement of an upper first molar implant were evaluated with a third quartile value (PKA) of 820 mGy.cm2. Due to the wide range of values (74–3687 mGy.cm2), the CBCT data were divided by FOV dimensions: for small FOV (average FOV of 7 ×8 cm), a value of 580 mGy.cm2 was obtained and for medium FOV (average FOV of 13 × 12 cm) a value of 1167 mGy.cm2. The number of annual panoramic X-rays made in Portugal was 208 per 1000 inhabitants, which is higher than the value for other countries.

Partial volume characteristics of ionization chambers in kilovoltage x-ray exposure measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Syed F. Akber ◽  
Than S. Kehwar
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Beam Output ◽  
Volume Characteristics ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lead Sheet

AbstractThe partial volume (spatial) response of four ionization chambers (Keithley) in kilovoltage X-ray beams, generated by the Philips Super 80CP X-ray unit, was assessed. The volume of the ionization chambers were of 10 cm3, 15 cm3, 150 cm3, and 600 cm3 used with Keithley electrometer Model 35040. The beam output was measured using a monitor chamber (Radcal 6.0 cm3) placed close to the collimator. The source to chamber distance was kept constant at 1 m. For the measurement of the response of ionization chambers of 15 cm3, 150 cm3, and 600 cm3, a slit of 2.0 mm width was made in a lead sheet of 3.2 mm thick and size of 30 × 30 cm2 and was placed on the ionization chamber. The measurements were made for 81 kVp, 400 mA, and 0.25 s and the slit was moved at an increment of 2.0 mm over the entire length of the chamber. For the measurements of the ionization chamber of 10 cm3 (CT chamber), the beams of 120 kVp, 200 mA and 0.2 s were generated, and a slit of 5 mm width was made in a similar lead sheet that was moved at an increment of 5.0 mm. From the result it appears that the sensitive volumes of the ionization chambers affect the response of the ionization chamber to incident radiation.

scholarly journals The use of fricke dosimetry for low energy x-rays

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (spe) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos de Austerlitz ◽  
Viviane Souza ◽  
Heldio Pereira Villar ◽  
Aloisio Cordilha
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Calibration Factor ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Measurements

The performance of four X-ray qualities generated in a Pantak X-ray machine operating at 30-100 kV was determined with a parallel-plate ionization chamber and a Fricke dosimeter. X-ray qualities used were those recommended by Deutsch Internationale Normung DIN 6809 and dose measurements were carried out with Plexiglas® simulators. Results have shown that the Fricke dosimeter can be used not only for soft X-ray dosimetry, but also for the maintenance of low-energy measuring systems' calibration factor.

scholarly journals Characterization of a free air ionization chamber for low energy X-rays

2016 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 012090
Author(s):  
N F Silva ◽  
M Xavier ◽  
V Vivolo ◽  
L V E Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Chamber ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Air Ionization

scholarly journals AI INFLUENCE IN COVID-19 DETECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 1116-1120
Author(s):  
Cijil Benny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Primary Key ◽  
Made In

This paper is on analyzing the feasibility of AI studies and the involvement of AI in COVID interrelated treatments. In all, several procedures were reviewed and studied. It was on point. The best-analyzing methods on the studies were Susceptible Infected Recovered and Susceptible Exposed Infected Removed respectively. Whereas the implementation of AI is mostly done in X-rays and CT- Scans with the help of a Convolutional Neural Network. To accomplish the paper several data sets are used. They include medical and case reports, medical strategies, and persons respectively. Approaches are being done through shared statistical analysis based on these reports. Considerably the acceptance COVID is being shared and it is also reachable. Furthermore, much regulation is needed for handling this pandemic since it is a threat to global society. And many more discoveries shall be made in the medical field that uses AI as a primary key source.

Abstract WP428: Cardiopulmonary Response to Ischemic Stroke Varies by Stroke Location

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Probasco ◽  
Tiffany Chang ◽  
David Victor ◽  
Paul Nyquist
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Stunned Myocardium ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Qtc Prolongation

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is associated with electrocardiographic and cardiac enzyme changes indicative of stunned myocardium. It is unknown if acute pulmonary edema occurs independent of cardiac dysfunction in ischemic stroke or in association with particular vascular distributions. Hypothesis: Ischemic strokes in the posterior fossa are associated with acute pulmonary edema independent of stroke related cardiac dysfunction. Methods: This is a retrospective study of ischemic stroke patients treated over two years at a tertiary medical center, including patients with basilar artery stroke (N=18), RMCA (N=31) and LMCA (N=27) distribution strokes involving the insula, and TIA controls (N=67). Of the 143 patients, 53% were female, 45% were black, 40% had a history of stroke or TIA, and 73% had hypertension. Discharge diagnosis, brain imaging, and review of chest x-rays (by two blinded reviewers) were used to determine the proportion of patients within each group with evidence of pulmonary edema. Cardiac variables including ejection fraction, serum troponin levels (>0.06 ng/mL), non-specific ST segment changes and QTc prolongation (>460ms) were compared between groups. Results: Patients with basilar artery occlusions and associated ischemic stroke developed pulmonary edema during their hospitalization more frequently than control patients (0.67 vs. 0.01, P<0.0001). There were no signs of stunned myocardium or CHF as indicated by elevated troponin, altered echocardiography, or QTc prolongation for the basilar group. None of the patients in the basilar group with pulmonary edema had altered echocardiography. Patients with RMCA and LMCA distribution strokes were noted to have a higher frequency of pulmonary edema compared to the controls (0.23, P=0.0012; 0.41, P=0.002), at a proportion less than the basilar group (for RMCA, P=0.005; LMCA, P=0.13,). The proportions of patients with elevated serum troponin and QTc prolongation were significantly greater for RMCA (0.41 vs. 0.05, P=0.0008; 0.40 vs.0.16, P=0.017) and LMCA (0.33 vs. 0.05, P=0.008; 0.36 vs. 0.16, P=0.046) patients relative to controls. Conclusion: Pulmonary edema occurs independently of cardiac stunning or dysfunction in patients with basilar artery occlusions.

Humeral Fractures Without Obvious Etiologies in Children Less Than 3 Years of Age: When Is It Abuse?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Richard T. Strait ◽  
Robert M. Siegel ◽  
Robert A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Humeral Fracture ◽  
Humeral Fractures ◽  
Supracondylar Fractures ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Arm Injuries ◽  
Made In

Objective. To determine the occurrence and frequency of abuse in children with humeral fractures without immediately obvious etiologies who are less than 3 years old and present with arm injuries. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children less than 3 years old treated for a humeral fracture at Children's Hospital Medical Center between July 1, 1990, and September 10, 1993. One hundred twenty-four charts of children with humeral fractures were reviewed for possible abuse using previously developed criteria. Charts were evaluated independently by the investigators. Consensus was reached on classification of each chart into the following categories: abuse, indeterminate, or not abuse. Results. Abuse was diagnosed in 9 of 25 (36%) children less than 15 months of age, but in only 1 of 99 (1%) children older than 15 months (P &lt; .05). Abuse was excluded in 91 of 124 (73%) children. No determination of abuse (indeterminate) could be made in 23 of 124 (18.5%) children. In children less than 15 months of age, abuse was diagnosed in 2 of 10 (20%) with supracondylar fractures and in 7 of 12 (58%) with spiral/oblique fractures. Conclusion. The prevalence of abuse in our children presenting with humeral fractures was much lower than in other published reports, especially in the children over the age of 15 months. However, we found a higher prevalence of supracondylar fractures associated with abuse than those same reports. Given these findings, abuse should be considered in all children less than 15 months of age with humeral fractures, including those with supracondylar fractures. The majority of humeral fractures in children are accidental, especially beyond the age of 15 months.

Operationalizing the Science

2011 ◽  
pp. 1600-1622
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Kannry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Healthcare IT (HIT) has failed to live up to its promise in the United States. HIT solutions and decisions need to be evidence based and standardized. Interventional informatics is ideally positioned to provide evidence based and standardized solutions in the enterprise (aka, the medical center) which includes all or some combination of hospital(s), hospital based-practices, enterprise owned offsite medical practices, faculty practice and a medical school. For purposes of this chapter, interventional informatics is defined as applied medical or clinical informatics with an emphasis on an active interventional role in the enterprise. A department of interventional informatics, which integrates the science of informatics into daily operations, should become a standard part of any 21st century medical center in the United States. The objectives of this chapter are to: review and summarize the promise and challenge of IT in healthcare; define healthcare IT; review the legacy of IT in healthcare; compare and contrast IT in healthcare with that of other industries; become familiar with evidence based IT: Medical informatics; differentiate medical informatics from IT in healthcare; distinguish medical, clinical, and interventional informatics; justify the need for operational departments of interventional informatics.

Operationalizing the Science

2011 ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Kannry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Healthcare IT (HIT) has failed to live up to its promise in the United States. HIT solutions and decisions need to be evidence based and standardized. Interventional informatics is ideally positioned to provide evidence based and standardized solutions in the enterprise (aka, the medical center) which includes all or some combination of hospital(s), hospital based-practices, enterprise owned offsite medical practices, faculty practice and a medical school. For purposes of this chapter, interventional informatics is defined as applied medical or clinical informatics with an emphasis on an active interventional role in the enterprise. A department of interventional informatics, which integrates the science of informatics into daily operations, should become a standard part of any 21st century medical center in the United States. The objectives of this chapter are to: review and summarize the promise and challenge of IT in healthcare; define healthcare IT; review the legacy of IT in healthcare; compare and contrast IT in healthcare with that of other industries; become familiar with evidence based IT: Medical informatics; differentiate medical informatics from IT in healthcare; distinguish medical, clinical, and interventional informatics; justify the need for operational departments of interventional informatics.

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