scholarly journals Wireless Smart Insole Based Foot Pressure Monitoring And Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-387
Author(s):  
Sudarvizhi D ◽  
Anandkumar R ◽  
Priyavadana R ◽  
Nithya C ◽  
Mohanapriya S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Smart Insole

Diabetic foot ulcer leads to several problems to the patients. It engenders illness and sometimes deals that. Those wounds lead to nervous problem along with the development of ulcer and amputation which produces high pressure in legs. Perpendicular slope and applied mathematics operation analyzing will be utilized to get foot malformation. The experiential showed a fragile one- dimensionality and an important division in weigh acceptance. Systems can be applied to evade ulceration during the shoe monitoring. Ulceration is the endpoint of the diabetics. The main etiological factors in foot ulceration are diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease.

scholarly journals Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Naemi ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
Janet K Lutale ◽  
Zulfiqarali G Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Temperature Sensation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Vibration Perception

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the parameters that predict the risk of future foot ulcer occurrence in patients with diabetes.Research design and methods1810 (male (M)/female (F): 1012/798) patients, with no foot ulcer at baseline, participated in this study. Data from a set of 28 parameters were collected at baseline. During follow-up, 123 (M/F: 68/55) patients ulcerated. Survival analyses together with logistic regression were used to identify the parameters that could predict the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence.ResultsA number of parameters (HR (95% CI)) including neuropathy (2.525 (1.680 to 3.795)); history of ulceration (2.796 (1.029 to 7.598)); smoking history (1.686 (1.097 to 2.592)); presence of callus (1.474 (0.999 to 2.174)); nail ingrowth (5.653 (2.078 to 15.379)); foot swelling (3.345 (1.799 to 6.218)); dry skin (1.926 (1.273 to 2.914)); limited ankle (1.662 (1.365 to 2.022)) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (2.745 (1.853 to 4.067)) ranges of motion; and decreased (3.141 (2.102 to 4.693)), highly decreased (5.263 (1.266 to 21.878)), and absent (9.671 (5.179 to 18.059)) sensation to touch; age (1.026 (1.010 to 1.042)); vibration perception threshold (1.079 (1.060 to 1.099)); duration of diabetes (1.000 (1.000 to 1.000)); and plantar pressure at the first metatarsal head (1.003 (1.001 to 1.005)), temperature sensation (1.019 (1.004 to 1.035)) and temperature tolerance (1.523 (1.337 to 1.734)) thresholds to hot stimuli and blood sugar level (1.027 (1.006 to 1.048)) were all significantly associated with increased risk of ulceration. However, plantar pressure underneath the fifth toe (0.990 (0.983 to 0.998)) and temperature sensation (0.755 (0.688 to 0.829)) and temperature tolerance (0.668 (0.592 to 0.0754)) thresholds to cold stimuli showed to significantly decrease the risk of future ulcer occurrence. Multivariate survival model indicated that nail ingrowth (4.42 (1.38 to 14.07)); vibration perception threshold (1.07 (1.04 to 1.09)); dry skin status (4.48 (1.80 to 11.14)); and temperature tolerance threshold to warm stimuli (1.001 (1.000 to 1.002)) were significant predictors of foot ulceration risk in the final model. The mean time to ulceration was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for patients with: dry skin (χ2=11.015), nail ingrowth (χ2=14.688), neuropathy (χ2=21.284), or foot swelling (χ2=16.428).ConclusionNail ingrowth and dry skin were found to be strong indicators of vulnerability of patients to diabetic foot ulceration. Results highlight that assessments of neuropathy in relation to both small and larger fiber impairment need to be considered for predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulceration.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Callus Formation in the Plantar Region through Gait Measurement in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: An Observational Case-Control Study

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4863
Author(s):  
Ayumi Amemiya ◽  
Hiroshi Noguchi ◽  
Makoto Oe ◽  
Kimie Takehara ◽  
Yumiko Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Plantar Region ◽  
External Forces

Callus has been identified as a risk factor leading to severe diabetic foot ulcer; thus, it is necessary to prevent its formation. Callus formation under the first, second, and fifth metatarsal heads (MTHs) is associated with external forces (pressure and shear stress) during walking. However, the gait factors increasing the external forces remain undetermined. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors increasing the external forces to prevent callus formation. In 59 patients with diabetic neuropathy wearing their usual shoes, the external forces, and the lower extremity joint angles were measured using MEMS force sensors and motion sensors. The external forces and their relationship with the lower extremity joint angles and footwear size were determined. Risk factors causing high external forces on the first MTH included small flexion of the knee joint (p = 0.015) and large ankle pronation motion (p = 0.034) to obtain propulsion. For the second MTH, wearing excessively long footwear was identified (p = 0.026). For the fifth MTH, high external force was related to tight width footwear (p = 0.005). An effective intervention for preventing callus formation for the first MTH would involve assisting the push-off foot motion using rocker-sole footwear or gait training. For the second and fifth MTHs, wearing appropriate size footwear would be effective.

scholarly journals Plantar Shear Stress in Individuals With a History of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Emerging Predictive Marker for Foot Ulceration

Diabetes Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. e14-e15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Yavuz ◽  
Ali Ersen ◽  
Jessica Hartos ◽  
Brandy Schwarz ◽  
Alan G. Garrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
History Of

Pathophysiology of the Diabetic Foot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Kim
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Associated Conditions

The clinical manifestations of diabetes are evident in the foot. Peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, dermatologic alterations, and musculoskeletal changes place the foot at high risk of ulceration. The diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the end result of these pathophysiologic changes, which increases the likelihood of infection, hospitalization, and amputation. There are treatment options available, but DFU imparts a tremendous toll on the patient’s quality of life and healthcare resources. Although there is a growing understanding of the pathophysiologic processes unique to the diabetic foot, much work is still needed. This chapter focuses on the assessment and management of the diabetic foot and its associated conditions.  This review contains 7 figures, 3 tables and 62 references Key Words:: Diabetic foot, Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Peripheral Neuropathy, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Foot Wound, Biomechanics, Deformity, Biomechanical Surgery, Infection

Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462098223
Author(s):  
Dragos Serban ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas ◽  
Ana Maria Dascalu ◽  
Daniela Stana ◽  
Vanessa Andrada Nicolae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Foot Clinic

This review discusses the evidence on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). A systematic literature review was performed on PubMed, Medline, Springer Nature, and Scopus, following the PRISMA guidelines, using the following terms, individually or in combination: “diabetic foot ulcer” OR “diabetic foot syndrome” OR “DFU” and “diabetic retinopathy.” The initial search yielded 648 articles published between 1975 and 2020. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 9 articles were analyzed, assessing the correlations between DR and DFU. In all cases, DR and especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher in the presence of DFU, though the frequency of DR showed large variability (22.5% to 95.6%). There was a significant correlation between advanced stages of DFU and increased frequency of DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. On the other hand, there is a risk of accelerated progression of DR in nonhealing DFUs, possibly related to chronic inflammation and associated infection. Hence, patients with DFUs should be monitored by an ophthalmologist, and those with DR should be promptly referred to a specialized diabetic foot clinic.

scholarly journals Shear Stress-Normal Stress (Pressure) Ratio Decides Forming Callus in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Amemiya ◽  
Hiroshi Noguchi ◽  
Makoto Oe ◽  
Kimie Takehara ◽  
Yumiko Ohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
External Force ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Formation Region

Aim. Callus is a risk factor, leading to severe diabetic foot ulcer; thus, prevention of callus formation is important. However, normal stress (pressure) and shear stress associated with callus have not been clarified. Additionally, as new valuables, a shear stress-normal stress (pressure) ratio (SPR) was examined. The purpose was to clarify the external force associated with callus formation in patients with diabetic neuropathy.Methods. The external force of the 1st, 2nd, and 5th metatarsal head (MTH) as callus predilection regions was measured. The SPR was calculated by dividing shear stress by normal stress (pressure), concretely, peak values (SPR-p) and time integral values (SPR-i). The optimal cut-off point was determined.Results. Callus formation region of the 1st and 2nd MTH had high SPR-i rather than noncallus formation region. The cut-off value of the 1st MTH was 0.60 and the 2nd MTH was 0.50. For the 5th MTH, variables pertaining to the external forces could not be determined to be indicators of callus formation because of low accuracy.Conclusions. The callus formation cut-off values of the 1st and 2nd MTH were clarified. In the future, it will be necessary to confirm the effect of using appropriate footwear and gait training on lowering SPR-i.

An assessment of peripheral vascular disease in patients with diabetic foot ulcer

The Foot ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Ikem ◽  
Innocent Ikem ◽  
Olorunfemi Adebayo ◽  
David Soyoye
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Peripheral Vascular

scholarly journals Validities and Reliabilities of Screening for Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) among Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without DFU

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
Parliani Parliani ◽  
Nichapatr Phutthikhamin ◽  
Bumpenchit Sangchart
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Foot Deformities ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
History Of

Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is common problem in Diabetes Mellitus (DM)  patients in which early detection of DFU is very important. The screening tool for DFU had been developed by researcher previously in 2016. Purpose: This study aimed to test validities and reliabilities of the tool. Methods: The method in this study which  included content validity by 4 experts, construct validity with 180 patients, internal consistency in 60 patients and intra-rater reliability. Results: The results showed that: 1) content validity was acceptable, I-CVI was 1.00 and S-CVI was 1.00; 2) internal consistency used Kuder-Richardson (KR – 20) was 0.806; 3) Intra-rater reliability used Intra-class Coefficient Correlation (ICC) for total score was 0.996 and Kappa 1.00 for duration of DM, history of ulceration, history of claudication, neuropathy sensory, abnormal skin, foot care, Kappa 0.93 for foot deformities, Kappa 0.92 for history of amputation, and Kappa 0.89 for peripheral vascular disease; and 4) constructed group approach revealed that 8 items (duration of DM, history of ulceration, history of amputation, history of claudication, neuropathy sensory, peripheral vascular disease, abnormal skin, and foot deformities) showed statistical significance ( P= < 0.000 – P =0.025), only one item which is foot care showed no significance (P= 0.161). Conclusion: The screening tool for DFU among diabetic patients has good validities and reliabilities. Nurses who work with DM patients can use the tool to detect risk for DFU to prevent DFU and provide early intervention tailored with risk factors. Further study should examine predictive validity of the tool and develop appropriate foot care assessment tool.

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