Expanding Capacity, Opportunity, and Desire to Learn Korean as a Heritage Language

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Shin ◽  
Jin Sook Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Program Staff ◽  
Development Opportunity ◽  
Heritage Students ◽  
Opportunity Creation

Informed by the Capacity development, Opportunity creation, and Desire (COD) framework, this paper examines the current status and future development of Korean as a heritage language in the United States. Compared to a generation ago, the current heritage Korean learner population includes a greater percentage of children who come from homes where Korean is not spoken daily. We explain the importance of understanding the needs of these "non-traditional" heritage students and discuss how parents and heritage program staff are finding innovative ways to create domains for the naturalistic use of Korean and for stimulating children’s desire to learn Korean.

The Maintenance and Vitality of Hindi in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
Surendra Gambhir ◽  
Vijay Gambhir
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Opportunity ◽  
Educational Initiatives ◽  
First And Second Generation

This article examines the current status of Hindi in the United States, following Grin’s and Lo Bianco’s framework of language maintenance and revitalization, based on the principles of Capacity Development, Opportunity Creation, and Desire. It gives linguistic profiles of first-and second-generation speakers of Hindi and looks at the various community, state, federal, and educational initiatives that promote the use and learning of Hindi. A description of current opportunities and the desire to maintain and develop Hindi helps us understand steps needed to maintain and further vitalize Hindi as a heritage language in the United States.

The Linguistic Vitality of Chinese in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Vitality

This article examines the current status of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) in the United States, referring to the Capacity-Opportunity-Desire (COD) framework (Grin, 1990, 2003; LoBianco, 2008). After briefly describing the linguistic profile of Chinese immigrants in the United States, the current status and future prospects of CHL in the United States are discussed. Thearticle concludes that a wide variety of programs are available to CHLspeakers, compared to those available decades ago. However, heritage speakers’ capacity in Chinese will be developed only when they have opportunities to use thelanguage and a desire to learn it.

French Heritage Language Vitality in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ross ◽  
Fabrice Jaumont
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Language ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
Development Opportunity ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Although French is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the United States, speakers of French as a heritage language face multiple challenges in maintaining and transmitting their distinctive French language to future generations, resulting in language loss over time. This article demonstrates the importance of Capacity Development, Opportunity Creation, and Desire in maintaining and revitalizing French as a heritage language in French-speaking communities in Maine, Louisiana, and New York City.

The Development of Japanese as a Heritage Language in the Los Angeles Conurbation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-356
Author(s):  
Masako O. Douglas ◽  
Hiroko C. Kataoka ◽  
Kiyomi Chinen
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

This paper examines the current status of Japanese as a heritage language (JHL) in the Los Angeles conurbation, applying the Capacity-Opportunity-Desire (COD) framework. After briefly describing the Japanese-American community and the history of JHL education in the United States with a focus on the Los Angeles conurbation, we review research to date on JHL capacity development in JHL schools and the role of the family in JHL development. We then present the results of two studies and analyze factors that contribute to JHL development,reflecting on COD principles. We conclude by presenting suggestions for future research on JHL based on this framework.

Sport Management Curricula: Current Status and Design Implications for Future Development

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie L. Parkhouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
External Data ◽  
Graduate Curricula ◽  
Course Offerings ◽  
Per Se ◽  
A Minor

The current status of undergraduate and graduate curricula in sport management was examined in 83 institutions identified as offering sport management programs in the United States (40 undergraduate, 32 graduate, and 11 programs at both levels). Since only two Canadian institutions responded to this inquiry, definitive conclusions could not be drawn about the current status of sport management in Canada. However, several observations about them are made on the basis of external data. The findings of this study clearly indicate that sport management curricula varies markedly from one institution to another. In most cases the institution claims to have a program in sport management per se, but in reality course offerings are not sufficient to warrant even a minor or concentration in this area. Implications of current practices in sport management are discussed, and recommendations for future development are presented.

The Current Status of Retirement Mentoring in Academic Surgery in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Aly ◽  
Allan Stolarski ◽  
Patrick O’Neal ◽  
Edward Whang ◽  
Gentian Kristo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Academic Surgery

scholarly journals Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: History, current status and future trends

Harmful Algae ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101975
Author(s):  
Donald M. Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Fensin ◽  
Christopher J. Gobler ◽  
Alicia E. Hoeglund ◽  
Katherine A. Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
United States History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
States History

scholarly journals Predicting the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Using Graph Theory-Based Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3834
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽  
Krzysztof Fiok ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Awad M. Aljuaid ◽  
Redha Taiar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Usa

The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented social and economic consequences in the United States. Therefore, accurately predicting the dynamics of the pandemic can be very beneficial. Two main elements required for developing reliable predictions include: (1) a predictive model and (2) an indicator of the current condition and status of the pandemic. As a pandemic indicator, we used the effective reproduction number (Rt), which is defined as the number of new infections transmitted by a single contagious individual in a population that may no longer be fully susceptible. To bring the pandemic under control, Rt must be less than one. To eliminate the pandemic, Rt should be close to zero. Therefore, this value may serve as a strong indicator of the current status of the pandemic. For a predictive model, we used graph neural networks (GNNs), a method that combines graphical analysis with the structure of neural networks. We developed two types of GNN models, including: (1) graph-theory-based neural networks (GTNN) and (2) neighborhood-based neural networks (NGNN). The nodes in both graphs indicated individual states in the US states. While the GTNN model’s edges document functional connectivity between states, those in the NGNN model link neighboring states to one another. We trained both models with Rt numbers collected over the previous four days and asked them to predict the following day for all states in the USA. The performance of these models was evaluated with the datasets that included Rt values reflecting conditions from 22 January through 26 November 2020 (before the start of COVID-19 vaccination in the USA). To determine the efficiency, we compared the results of two models with each other and with those generated by a baseline Long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The results indicated that the GTNN model outperformed both the NGNN and LSTM models for predicting Rt.

638: Current status of the OBGYN hospitalist workforce in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. S339-S340
Author(s):  
Dotun Ogunyemi ◽  
Alma Aurioles ◽  
Rob Olson ◽  
Nathaniel Sugiyama ◽  
Ray Bahado-Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status
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