scholarly journals Plea Bargain In White-Collar Crimes: An Argumentative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Sonia Ambreen Syed
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Plea Bargain ◽  
White Collar Offenders

Plea bargain is a widely practiced and common characteristic in various international legal systems. However, in Pakistan it is rebuked for providing a legitimate outlet to white-collar offenders so they are not only able to clear their names from National Accountability Bureau’s (NAB) investigation, but are also absolved from heavy financial penalization by submitting a meagre amount from their fraudulently acquired wealth. This article aims to study the theory of plea bargain and its origin, based on the theoretical research method of study. A critical analysis of the societal and constitutional implications of article 25 of National Accountability Bureau Ordinance (NAO), 1999 Pakistan, is also done. Coherent arguments are given in favour of retaining the provision of plea bargain while proposing specific guidelines to enhance the transparency of this process.

scholarly journals Resilience of Legal Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 509-529
Author(s):  
J. B. Ruhl ◽  
Barbara Cosens ◽  
Niko Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Resilience Thinking ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Practical Experiences

Resilience theory, also known as resilience thinking, has emerged as a powerful theoretical framework for many disciplines. Legal theorists have, however, only in the past decade begun to contextualize resilience thinking for legal systems. This chapter summarizes where resilience thinking has gone thus far in legal theory and recommends where it should go from here. The authors start by asking the two fundamental questions of resilience thinking, putting them in the context of legal systems: resilience of what and resilience to what? Because of the special role legal systems play in the governance of complex social-ecological systems, the authors add a third question: resilience for what? We then explore five key features of system resilience as they relate to legal systems: (a) reliability, (b) efficiency, (c) scalability, (d) modularity, and (e) evolvability. Using environmental law as a case study, the discussion offers concrete examples of how each property manifests and operates in legal systems. The authors close with an exploration of how what has been learned thus far about legal system resilience from theoretical research and practical experiences should shape future research, in particular toward a deeper understanding of adaptive governance.

scholarly journals Philosophical Reflections: Critical Analysis of Learning Strategies for Science Practicum During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Budiyono Saputro ◽  
Muh Saerozi ◽  
Fadhil Ardhiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Student Center ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

The purpose of this study is to obtain a critical description of the learning strategy for science practicum during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method was a qualitative descriptive study. The respondents of this study were lecturers and students of the Natural Sciences within the Indonesia Natural Sciences Tadris Association. The research instruments were in the form of questionnaires and a list of questions related to the learning of science practicum during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed the highest percentage of each learning strategy indicator for science practicum used by lecturers as follows: (1) 68.75% for the student center approach, (2) 50% for problem-based learning strategy, (3) 31.25% for self-practicum technique, (4) 31.25% for WhatsApp media, (5) 31.25% for self-assignment evaluation, (6) 93.75% for the indicator of the success of self-practicum, (7) 68.75% social media and signal supporting factors, (8) 31.25% for internet network obstacle, (9) 68.75% for the method to discover the practicum skills by playing the video of student’s results of practicum at home. The recommendation of this study should be carried out independently in each student's home by utilizing tools and materials around their environment and evaluation of learning is done through self-assignments or practicum videos sent to lecturers.

The Protection of Genetic Privacy in Biobanking at International Level

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Dara Hallinan
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
General Data ◽  
International Instruments

This chapter sketches a baseline level of protection for genetic privacy rights in biobanking, against which legal systems, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), might be compared. This baseline level of protection is provided via identifying principles dealing with the protection of all types of genetic privacy rights, and rights holders, in biobanking in the international framework. The chapter identifies two types of international principles: common international principles—principles identified in a majority of all biobank-relevant international instruments; and emerging international principles—principles identifiable in a majority of biobank-specific international instruments. It also offers a critical analysis of the protection offered under the international framework. This critique does not aim to undermine the legitimacy of regarding identified international principles as offering a baseline level of protection. Rather, it merely aims to highlight that the protection provided has flaws, and thus should not be regarded as definitive or perfect.

Research Progress of Workability Theoretical Research and Simulation Computation of Pumping Concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Jun Sheng Chen ◽  
Hai Hong Mo ◽  
Hong Cao ◽  
Ting Jin Liu ◽  
Song Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Complicated Conditions

With the wide application of pumping concrete， and the increasing of pumping height and distance， more and more attention of researchers focus on the workability of pumping concrete. Traditionally， the research method of workability of pumping concrete is mainly experiment. With the increasing of pumping height and distance，experimental method for workability of pumping concrete becomes more difficult. Combining simulation computation and experimental method to solve pumping construction problems of concrete under complicated conditions is a feasible method. Research progress about experimental method and simulation computation of workability of pumping concrete are presented， which would provide research thinking and research method for combining simulation computation and experimental method.

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