scholarly journals Understanding of Emotions and Emotion Regulation in Adolescent Females with Conduct Problems: A Qualitative Analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Kostiuk ◽  
Gregory Fouts
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Adolescent girls with conduct problems were interviewed regarding their (a) understanding of positive and negative emotions, (b) parental context of experiencing emotions, (c) ways of regulating emotions, (d) success in emotion regulation, and (e) use of alternative strategies in dealing with emotions. It was found that the girls have relatively little understanding of their negative internal states and/or are unable to express them to others, especially to fathers. They have few successful strategies for regulating negative emotions in themselves and others and are unaware of alternative strategies. This dysregulatory pattern likely prevents them from learning more appropriate ways of expressing and constructively handling their negative emotions that are necessary for healthy adjustment.

scholarly journals How Hedonic and Contra-Hedonic Motivations to Experience Positive and Negative Emotions Predict Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Bloore
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Mood States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

<p><b>The ways in which people regulate their emotions is central to achieving wellbeing in our everyday lives. Typically it is assumed that everyone tries to experience the positive and avoid the negative, however research conducted over the last decade has demonstrated that not everyone is motivated to experience valenced emotions in this normative ‘hedonic’ fashion all of the time. Sometimes people hold and seek to satisfy ‘contra-hedonic’ motives, i.e., trying to experience negative emotions. To investigate the implications of holding one or the other type of motive, this thesis is composed of three studies that investigate the implications of holding these types of motives for emotions: 1) the first paper determined whether the motive to avoid happiness predicts depressive symptoms through the mechanism of lessened hope, 2) the second paper featured the development of a new measure designed to assess a broad range of motives for emotions, and 3) the third paper described the associations between this new measure with a commonly used emotion regulation measure.</b></p> <p>The first research paper addresses the phenomenon that some individuals do not approach and seek to experience happiness in a normative fashion. Research on this so-called ‘fear of happiness’ or ‘happiness aversion’ tendency has identified about 10-15% of community samples as composed of individuals who report not wanting to experience happy mood states. Importantly these individuals repeatedly also report elevated levels of depressive symptoms. In this study, I sought to investigate the associations among happiness aversion, hope (a protective factor against negative mood states), and depressive symptoms. Evidence was found that hope functioned both as a mediator as well as a buffer between happiness aversion and resultant depressive symptoms in a concurrent sample of 588 undergraduate psychology students. Follow-up exploratory analysis with a small longitudinal sample suggested that the concurrent findings were replicated across time. Overall findings within Study 1 suggested that interventions which promote hope can be effective in disrupting the relationship between happiness aversion and depressive symptoms.</p> <p>Happiness aversion research, similar to Study 1 described above, has documented that some individuals are motivated to avoid experiencing happiness (this non-conventional approach is termed ‘contra-hedonic’). I then asked: what about other emotions? Would it be feasible and interesting to assess how individuals try to experience and try to avoid experiencing a range of positive AND negative emotions? The second paper of this thesis describes the development of a new self-report measure, termed the General Emotion Regulation Measure (GERM), that assesses how people are motivated to experience or avoid experiencing clusters of positive and negative emotions in their everyday lives. This paper describes the literature concerning positive and negative emotion regulation motivations (both hedonic and contra-hedonic types) and shows how the new measure provides new information about people’s emotion motives. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was implemented to explore individual differences in general emotion motives, and three different profiles of individuals were identified. In a sample of 833 undergraduate students, a LPA identified these distinct profiles: 1) a normative group in which people tried to experience positive emotions and tried to avoid experiencing negative emotions; 2) a non-normative group which exhibited an aversion to positive emotions and an attraction to negative emotions; and 3) another non-normative group which displayed an unwillingness or inability to regulate either positive or negative emotions. Comparisons of psychological wellbeing were computed among the three profiles using a MANOVA: it identified that the normative group reported higher levels of wellbeing (e.g., optimism) and lower levels of illbeing (e.g., depressive symptoms) compared to the other two groups. The new GERM measure highlights the general utility of these general emotion regulation motives, which, arguably, can be used to inform research on wellbeing across a wide range of psychological fields.</p> <p>The final and concluding paper within this thesis examined whether the GERM is effective in predicting facets of the commonly used emotion dysregulation scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Further, emotion dysregulation was predicted to mediate the relationship between emotion motives identified by the GERM measure and depressive symptoms. Based on previous research, it was expected that the two contra-hedonic motives’ relationships (trying to experience negative emotions and trying to avoid experiencing positive emotions) with depressive symptoms would be mediated by facets of emotion dysregulation. Findings demonstrated that two facets of emotion dysregulation, namely, lack of impulse control and lack of access to strategies, fully mediated the relationship between both contra-hedonic ER motives and depressive symptoms. The third paper demonstrated that contra-hedonic motives predict depressive outcomes through the use and instantiation of several different facets of emotion regulation difficulties. These results show that emotion motives are important in regards to setting the stage for maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms.</p> <p>The three studies’ findings show that the ways in which we manage our emotions in our daily lives are guided and constrained by how individuals are motivated to experience positive and negative emotions. These studies highlight the importance that motivation has in directing individuals to choose particular ways to regulate their emotions, and these, in turn, have important effects for emotional wellbeing.</p>

The Influence of Daily Events on Emotion Regulation and Well-Being in Daily Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722098088
Author(s):  
David B. Newman ◽  
John B. Nezlek
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Total N ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

We examined within-person relationships among daily events, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being in daily life. Each day for 2 to 3 weeks, participants in two studies (total N = 445) reported the extent to which they reappraised and suppressed their positive and negative emotions, the types of events they experienced, and their well-being. Using multilevel modeling, we found that the extent to which people reappraised positive and negative emotions and suppressed negative emotions was positively related to the number/importance of daily positive events, whereas the suppression of positive emotions was negatively related. Furthermore, the positive relationships between well-being and reappraisal of positive and negative emotions and the suppression of negative emotions were stronger as the number of negative events increased. These results demonstrate that most emotion regulation strategies are employed when the day is going well but are most beneficial for people’s well-being when the day is not going well.

scholarly journals NOUN STATUS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CATEGORY OF EMOTIVITY IN CINEMATOGRAPHIC DIALOGUE (BASED ON GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN TELENOVELS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Menshykova O.S.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Corpus Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Number ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Given ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

The article draws attention to appropriateness of the comparative study of emotions based on cinematographic database, especially German and Ukrainian dialogues in original telenovelas as a perspective linguistic bulk of the text (“Sturm der Liebe”, “Alisa – folge deinem Herzen”, “Wege zum Glück, Spuren im Sand”, “Тільки кохання”, “Дві матері”, “Обручка з рубіном” (12000 sentences, about 80000 words)).Every country adapts scripts of telenovelas according to its own cultural opportunities and nonverbal semiotic contexts. In spite of the fact emotive vocabulary for every script has ethnically specific features, analysing them it’s possible to make conclusions about the structure and scenario keynotes. The structure and scenario leitmotives have global and typical character. This fact determines the necessity to search standardized semantic number of leitmotives.On the basis of information provided by the analysis and certification of emotive vocabulary paying moiré attention to the status, frequency and the semantics of emotive nouns among other morphological categories. While choosing positive or negative charged lexemes, both denotative and konotative emotve breadths are considered. The given data is compared with the data from corpus studies and the dictionaries as for the frequency of Ukrainian and German languages. The article raises the problem of correlation between positive and negative emotives in sentences considering positive and negative emotions. Moreover, the reasons for large number of lexemes with positive semantics in negatively emotived statements (grammar features, context, nonverbal factors) are also considered by the author. According to qualitative analysis the synonymous line of positive and negative nouns for German and Ukrainian languages is qualified by semantic groups. It gives perspectives for further modelling of a movie dialogue in each developed language. The data as for the correlation between the number of emotive nouns and general number of emotive lexemes in both Ukrainian and German languages is considered. Due to statistic data it’s clear that Ukrainian part is twice as big as German, moreover it’s more full of emotive lexemes. Synonymous variation is also more spread in Ukrainian language than in German.Key words: emotions, negative / positive emotives, emotive nouns, semantic group, telenovelas. У статті розглядається питання доцільності компаративного дослідження емоцій на матеріалі кінемато-графу, зокрема кінодіалогу німецьких та українських оригінальних теленовел, як перспективного лінгвістичного масиву тексту («Sturm der Liebe», «Alisa – folge deinem Herzen», «Wege zum Glück, Spuren im Sand» і «Тільки кохання», «Дві матері», «Обручка з рубіном» (12 000 речень, близько 80 000 слів)).Кожна країна адаптує сценарій теленовели під можливості своєї лінгвокультури та невербальних семіо-тичних контекстів. Хоча вибір емотивної лексики для кожного сценарію має етноспецифічні риси, у ході аналізу можна дійти висновку, що побудова та сценарні лейтмотиви мають глобальний і типізований характер, що зумовлює необхідність пошуку стандартизованих семантичних наборів емотивів.На базі поданого матеріалу проведено аналіз і паспортизацію емотивної лексики з фокусом на статус, частотність і семантику емотивних іменників серед інших морфологічних класів. У відборі позитивно чи негативно заряджених лексем враховуються як денотативна, так і конотативна емотивність. Отримані дані зіставляються з даними корпусних досліджень і словників частотності української та німецької мов. У статті розглядається проблема співвідношення позитивних і негативних емотивів у реченнях на позначення позитивних і негативних емоцій і причини наявності великої кількості лексем із позитивною семантикою в негативних емотивних висловлюваннях (граматичні особливості, контекст, невербальні фактори). За даними якісного аналізу синонімічний ряд позитивних і негативних іменників для німецької та української мов класифіковано за семан-тичними групами, що надає перспективи подальшого моделювання прототипу кінодіалогу в кожній із досліджуваних мов. Наведено дані щодо співвідношення кількості емотивних іменників і загальної щільності емотивних лексем у німецькій та українській мовах. За результатами статистичних підрахунків бачимо, що українська вибірка вдвічі більше насичена емотивними лексемами, ніж німецька. Синонімічна варіативність української мови також превалює над німецькою.Ключові слова: емоції, негативні / позитивні емотиви, емотивні іменники, семантична група, теленовела.

scholarly journals Emotional Inertia and Psychological Maladjustment

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kuppens ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
Lisa B. Sheeber
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

In this article, we examine the concept of emotional inertia as a fundamental property of the emotion dynamics that characterize psychological maladjustment. Emotional inertia refers to the degree to which emotional states are resistant to change. Because psychological maladjustment has been associated with both emotional underreactivity and ineffective emotion-regulation skills, we hypothesized that its overall emotion dynamics would be characterized by high levels of inertia. We provide evidence from two naturalistic studies that, using different methods, showed that the emotional fluctuations of individuals who exhibited low self-esteem (Study 1) and depression (Study 2) were characterized by higher levels of inertia in both positive and negative emotions than the emotional fluctuations of people who did not exhibit low self-esteem and depression. We also discuss the usefulness of the concept of emotional inertia as a hallmark of maladaptive emotion dynamics.

scholarly journals Sleep quality is associated with the experience and adaptive regulation of positive emotion: an experience sampling study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Elizabeth Parsons ◽  
Beatrice Ellen Schofield ◽  
Sofia Batziou ◽  
Camilla Ward ◽  
Katherine Seaton Young
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

Poor sleep patterns have been strongly linked to disrupted emotional experiences. Emotion regulation, defined as the capacity to manage one’s own emotional responses, is comprised of strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease the intensity, duration, and trajectory of positive and negative emotions. Poor sleep has been identified as a risk factor for emotional dysregulation, but most of the focus has been on negative emotion regulation. We therefore asked whether natural variations in sleep are associated with the experience and regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Young adults, aged between 18-24 years, (n = 101) completed seven-days of ecological momentary assessments using a smartphone application. Duration and quality of the previous night’s sleep was reported each morning. Levels of positive and negative emotions, and the strategies used to regulate emotions, were measured at pseudo-random timepoints four times a day. Multilevel modelling indicated that higher self-reported sleep quality was significantly associated with increased intensity and duration of positive emotion, and decreased intensity of negative emotion. Sleep quality, and not sleep duration, was also associated with reported use of adaptive positive emotion regulation strategies. For negative emotion regulation strategy use, we found no associations with sleep quality or duration. Naturally occurring fluctuations in daily sleep quality may be important for the experience and regulation of positive emotion in young adults. These findings emphasise the need to examine both positive and negative emotion, and emotion regulation to understand the links between sleep and mood.

scholarly journals How Hedonic and Contra-Hedonic Motivations to Experience Positive and Negative Emotions Predict Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rebecca Bloore
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Mood States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Emotions

<p><b>The ways in which people regulate their emotions is central to achieving wellbeing in our everyday lives. Typically it is assumed that everyone tries to experience the positive and avoid the negative, however research conducted over the last decade has demonstrated that not everyone is motivated to experience valenced emotions in this normative ‘hedonic’ fashion all of the time. Sometimes people hold and seek to satisfy ‘contra-hedonic’ motives, i.e., trying to experience negative emotions. To investigate the implications of holding one or the other type of motive, this thesis is composed of three studies that investigate the implications of holding these types of motives for emotions: 1) the first paper determined whether the motive to avoid happiness predicts depressive symptoms through the mechanism of lessened hope, 2) the second paper featured the development of a new measure designed to assess a broad range of motives for emotions, and 3) the third paper described the associations between this new measure with a commonly used emotion regulation measure.</b></p> <p>The first research paper addresses the phenomenon that some individuals do not approach and seek to experience happiness in a normative fashion. Research on this so-called ‘fear of happiness’ or ‘happiness aversion’ tendency has identified about 10-15% of community samples as composed of individuals who report not wanting to experience happy mood states. Importantly these individuals repeatedly also report elevated levels of depressive symptoms. In this study, I sought to investigate the associations among happiness aversion, hope (a protective factor against negative mood states), and depressive symptoms. Evidence was found that hope functioned both as a mediator as well as a buffer between happiness aversion and resultant depressive symptoms in a concurrent sample of 588 undergraduate psychology students. Follow-up exploratory analysis with a small longitudinal sample suggested that the concurrent findings were replicated across time. Overall findings within Study 1 suggested that interventions which promote hope can be effective in disrupting the relationship between happiness aversion and depressive symptoms.</p> <p>Happiness aversion research, similar to Study 1 described above, has documented that some individuals are motivated to avoid experiencing happiness (this non-conventional approach is termed ‘contra-hedonic’). I then asked: what about other emotions? Would it be feasible and interesting to assess how individuals try to experience and try to avoid experiencing a range of positive AND negative emotions? The second paper of this thesis describes the development of a new self-report measure, termed the General Emotion Regulation Measure (GERM), that assesses how people are motivated to experience or avoid experiencing clusters of positive and negative emotions in their everyday lives. This paper describes the literature concerning positive and negative emotion regulation motivations (both hedonic and contra-hedonic types) and shows how the new measure provides new information about people’s emotion motives. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was implemented to explore individual differences in general emotion motives, and three different profiles of individuals were identified. In a sample of 833 undergraduate students, a LPA identified these distinct profiles: 1) a normative group in which people tried to experience positive emotions and tried to avoid experiencing negative emotions; 2) a non-normative group which exhibited an aversion to positive emotions and an attraction to negative emotions; and 3) another non-normative group which displayed an unwillingness or inability to regulate either positive or negative emotions. Comparisons of psychological wellbeing were computed among the three profiles using a MANOVA: it identified that the normative group reported higher levels of wellbeing (e.g., optimism) and lower levels of illbeing (e.g., depressive symptoms) compared to the other two groups. The new GERM measure highlights the general utility of these general emotion regulation motives, which, arguably, can be used to inform research on wellbeing across a wide range of psychological fields.</p> <p>The final and concluding paper within this thesis examined whether the GERM is effective in predicting facets of the commonly used emotion dysregulation scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Further, emotion dysregulation was predicted to mediate the relationship between emotion motives identified by the GERM measure and depressive symptoms. Based on previous research, it was expected that the two contra-hedonic motives’ relationships (trying to experience negative emotions and trying to avoid experiencing positive emotions) with depressive symptoms would be mediated by facets of emotion dysregulation. Findings demonstrated that two facets of emotion dysregulation, namely, lack of impulse control and lack of access to strategies, fully mediated the relationship between both contra-hedonic ER motives and depressive symptoms. The third paper demonstrated that contra-hedonic motives predict depressive outcomes through the use and instantiation of several different facets of emotion regulation difficulties. These results show that emotion motives are important in regards to setting the stage for maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms.</p> <p>The three studies’ findings show that the ways in which we manage our emotions in our daily lives are guided and constrained by how individuals are motivated to experience positive and negative emotions. These studies highlight the importance that motivation has in directing individuals to choose particular ways to regulate their emotions, and these, in turn, have important effects for emotional wellbeing.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document