scholarly journals ZNAČAJ PREDUSEVA ZA PRODUKTIVNOST KUKURUZA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Simic ◽  
◽  
Vesna Dragičevic ◽  
Željko Dolijanovic ◽  
Milan Brankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Long Term Studies

The advantages of the three- and four-crop rotations in relation to the two- crop rotation are reduced frequency of soil tillage, and thus savings in energy sources, lower intake of mineral nitrogen fertilisers and the amount of applied herbicides. The aim of the present study was to indicate the importance of a proper alternation of crops in the three-crop rotation system and to compare the advantages of cultivation of maize after winter wheat or soybean in terms of reducing weediness, formation of the harvest index and grain yield. Results of long-term studies have shown that the crop sequence significantly contributed to the decrease in fresh biomass of weed and the increase in the harvest index and grain yield in the maize-winter wheat-soybean rotation in relation to the maize-soybean-winter wheat rotation.

DEPENDENCE OF PHYTOSANITARY CONDITIONS OF CROPS AND GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CROP ROTATION SYSTEM ON APPLICATION LEVEL OF CHEMICALS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crop Rotation System

The article presents the study results of the field experiments on chemicals impact on phytosanitary conditions of crops and grain yield of winter wheat. Winter wheat was grown in a long-term crop rotation by the following scheme: potatoes, spring barley, pea- vetch-oat mix for green fodder, winter wheat. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers (P60K90) were applied as the background one. Nitrogen fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate were used on the experiment variants at the rate of N34.6 – N69.2 and N103.8. The herbicide Agritox, fungicide Alto and microelement cuprous sulphate were applied in ac-cordance with the scheme of the experiment. The statistical processing of experimental data proved that no harmful impact of pesticides on the productivity of winter wheat was observed in the years of the weak development of weeds and harmful phytopathogens. Regulating the phytosanitary condition of crops due to the winter wheat in the crop rotation, and the application of the herbicide Agritox at the rate of 1.5 kg/ha and the fungicide Alto (250 g/ha) and cuprous sulphate (350 g/ha), it is possible to achieve the planned level of winter wheat yield of 5.37-5.95 t/ha. The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizers and plant protection chemicals allows a differentiated approach to the role assessment of each studied factor de-pending on weather conditions. It has been revealed that the optimal combination of the applied means of chemicalization in the crop rotation system ensures the implementation of the planned level of grain yield of winter wheat in the range from 5.37 to 5.95 t/ha.

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

Carbon sequestration and yields with long-term use of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure in a six-crop rotation system

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jidong Wang ◽  
Kaihua Wang ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Yuchun Ai ◽  
Yongchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System

scholarly journals Enhancing of Winter Wheat Productivity by the Introduction of Field Pea into Crop Rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Mária Babulicová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Substantial Degree

Abstract The aim of our study was to find out the influence of different preceding crops and weather in particular years on the production ability of winter wheat in crop rotation with 80% share of cereals. The long-term field trial with 40, 60 and 80% share of cereals and two levels of fertilisation (H1 mineral fertilisation + organic manure Veget®; H2 mineral fertilisation only) was carried out in the very warm and dry area of continental climate on Luvi-Haplic Chernozem. In crop rotation with 80% share of cereals, winter wheat was sown after two preceding crops: pea and winter barley. In the years 2013–2015, the weight of 1,000 grains, bulk density, share of grains over 2.8 + 2.5 mm sieve, grain yield and straw yield were investigated. In crop rotation with 80% share of cereals, the significantly higher grain yield of winter wheat was recorded after preceding crop of field pea (6.18 t/ha) by comparison with winter barley as preceding crop (5.19 t/ha). The statistically significantly higher straw yield of winter wheat was observed after field pea (8.38 t/ha)in comparison to winter barley (7.29 t/ha). The weight of 1,000 grains, bulk density, share of grains over 2.8 + 2.5 mm sieve were statistically significantly higher after field pea in comparison to winter barley. The winter wheat grain yield can be increased by the preceding crop pea and the combination of mineral and organic fertilisation in substantial degree.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term (44-years) Tillage Sequences on Wheat Grain Yield in a Dryland Farming System in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flackson Tshuma ◽  
Pieter Andreas Swanepoel ◽  
Johan Labuschagne ◽  
James Bennett ◽  
Francis Rayns
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Dryland Farming

Abstract AimsTo determine the effects of the long-term (44-years) tillage practices on wheat grain yield in a dryland farming system. MethodsEffects of tillage on soil quality and crop productivity were assessed between 1976 and 2020 in South Africa’s Mediterranean climate zone. Seven tillage treatments were investigated: continuous mouldboard (MB) ploughing to a depth of 200 mm, tine-tillage to 150 mm, shallow tine-tillage (ST) to 75 mm, no-tillage (NT), ST conducted once in two years (ST-NT), ST conducted once in three years (ST-NT-NT), and ST conducted once in four years (ST-NT-NT-NT). Two crop management systems were also investigated: wheat monoculture and crop rotation. We evaluated the long-term wheat grain yield responses from the trial and hypothesised that, with time, the (i) monoculture system will lead to reduced grain yield, (ii) MB sequence will lead to reduced grain yield, (iii) infrequent tillage practices will improve grain yield relative to continuous NT.ResultsThe monoculture system led to reduced grain yield over time due to increased weeds. Compared to other tillage treatments in the monoculture system, the MB sequence led to higher (P<0.05) grain yields. However, in the crop rotation system, the NT treatment was the best option as it led to high yield and lower fuel usage. The infrequent tillage sequences failed to significantly improve the grain yield relative to continuous NT.ConclusionsThe infrequent tillage sequences were no better than the NT practice. We recommend that farmers opt for NT and crop rotation to ensure sustainability and avoid intensive tillage.

scholarly journals Tropicalization of canola: commercial hybrids show potential for cultivation in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lucas Nobre de Araújo ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Erina Vitório Rodrigues ◽  
Adriano Dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
National Average ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Crop Rotation System

Canola is a potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high levels of energy efficiency. However, Brazil has not yet consolidated its production as typical of temperate regions. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of canola hybrids in the tropical conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado in order to select promising candidates to contribute to the expansion of canola culture in the country. Eight commercial canola hybrids were evaluated for seven agronomic traits, in three experiments with varying water conditions. The data obtained for each variable were subjected to joint analysis of variance and the averages compared using the Scott-Knott test. The grain yield of the evaluated hybrids was higher than the national average, which includes plantations only in the southern region. The hybrids that stood out in grain yield were Hyola 61 and Hyola 76 followed by Diamond, which besides presenting a high magnitude for this characteristic, was less precocious even in dry conditions.  Due to its characteristics, the Diamond hybrid can be considered the best option to be inserted in the crop rotation system.  These results are promising and reveal adaptation and cultivation potential of these hybrids in the Brazilian Cerrado. Highlights The yield of canola grains in the experiments was promising as the values ​​achieved were above the national average. Hyola 61, Hyola 76 and Diamond showed prominent grain yield in relation to the other hybrids investigated. Diamond presented high grain yield and shorter cycle, thus being considered the best option for the crop rotation system. For the Brazilian Cerrado, the hybrids Hyola 61, Hyola 76 and Diamond are valuable alternatives for planting.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Activity of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) Reduces Yield, Growth, and Photosynthetic Rate in a Succeeding Crop of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anestis Karkanis ◽  
Alexandros Alexiou ◽  
Christos Katsaros ◽  
Spyridon Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Crop Rotation System

The inclusion of species with allelopathic activity in crop rotation systems may have benefits for crop management such as weed control, but less is understood about their wider impacts on succeeding crops. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two allelopathic species (spearmint and peppermint) on growth, physiological characteristics, and yield of a following maize crop. Thus, field experiments were carried out at two sites, according to a randomized complete block design, while the examined treatments were: (a) fallow–fallow–maize crop rotation system (FFM), (b) spearmint–spearmint–maize crop rotation system (SSM), and (c) peppermint–peppermint–maize crop rotation system (PPM). Our results indicated that the inclusion of spearmint or peppermint in crop rotation systems negatively affect the growth of maize plants. The highest plant height was recorded for FFM rotation system where no allelopathic species were used. At both sites and for four sampling dates, the aboveground dry biomass was also affected by the implemented crop rotation system. In particular, dry biomass was significantly lower in the PPM and SSM crop rotation systems comparing to the FFM system, whereas there were no significant differences between these two crop rotation systems. Similar to the maize biomass, the highest values of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and relative chlorophyll content were observed for the FFM rotation system. Additionally, differences in grain yield were observed among the tested crop rotation systems. Grain yield ranged from 10,200 to 13,346 kg ha−1 and from 11,773 to 14,106 kg ha−1 at site A and B, respectively, while it was reduced by 16.54–23.58% and 12.16–17.83% in the SSP and PPM rotation systems comparing to the FFM system. In conclusion, our results indicate that the inclusion of peppermint or spearmint in crop rotation may inhibit plant growth and reduce grain yield of maize as successive crop, an effect that could be attributed to the allelopathic activity of spearmint and peppermint.

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