scholarly journals Effect of Germination Duration on the Chemical Composition, functional and Pasting Properties of Acha Flour and its Potential for Biscuit Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
J A Ayo ◽  
A Agbatutu ◽  
G K Iribom
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Varied Duration ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Sensory Parameters

Germinated acha flour was prepared by washing the acha grain (with tap water), soaking(for 6hours), drained, spread evenly on jute bag to germinate for varied duration(0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). The varied germinated grains were dried in a hot air oven at 60oC, milled, sieved and packaged in high density polyethylene. The functional, proximate, pasting, mineral and vitamin properties of the germinated flour were determined using standard laboratory procedures. Biscuit produced from the germinated acha flour were also analysed for physical and sensory properties. Biscuit with 100% wheat flour (WF) serves as a reference sample. The proximate results of the flour showed an increase in protein (15.38% to 12.93%), ash (3.54% to 0.58%), fat (8.08% to 5.12%), crude fibre (0.32% to 0.22%), but decrease in moisture (11.46% to 10.15%), carbohydrate (69.19% to 64.56%) content with increase in germination duration. The pasting properties of the flour, peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, set back, peak time and pasting temperature decreased from 1457.01 to 348.01, 1147.07 to 152.02, 310.01 to 164.02, 3306.02 to 569.01, 2159.02 to 417.02, 5.60 to 5.08 and 1397.44 to 289.17 RVU, respectively, with increase in germination duration. There was remarkable increase in the iron, zinc, vitamin B1and B2 content from 22.02 to 93.24, 49.01 to 69.01, 0.615 to 1.633 and 0.163 to 0.483mg/100g, respectively, and a decrease in the calcium and phosphorus content from 24605.53 to 18498.55 and 1124.94 to 894.960 mg/100g, respectively, with increase in germination time. The weight and spread ratio of the baked germinated acha flour increased from 11.73g to 11.43g and 4.80 to 4.27, respectively, while the break strength and the volume of the same, increased from 2.47 to 2.83kg and 60.43 to 61.58cm3 respectively, with increase (1-5days) in germination duration. All the sensory parameters of the biscuits assessed with exception of taste were accepted and compared favourably with the control (100% wheat biscuit).

scholarly journals Effect of Germination Duration on the Chemical Composition, functional and Pasting Properties of Acha Flour and its Potential for Biscuit Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
J A Ayo ◽  
A Agbatutu ◽  
G K Iribom
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Spread Ratio ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Varied Duration ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Sensory Parameters

Germinated acha flour was prepared by washing the acha grain (with tap water), soaking(for 6hours), drained, spread evenly on jute bag to germinate for varied duration(0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). The varied germinated grains were dried in a hot air oven at 60oC, milled, sieved and packaged in high density polyethylene. The functional, proximate, pasting, mineral and vitamin properties of the germinated flour were determined using standard laboratory procedures. Biscuit produced from the germinated acha flour were also analysed for physical and sensory properties. Biscuit with 100% wheat flour (WF) serves as a reference sample. The proximate results of the flour showed an increase in protein (15.38% to 12.93%), ash (3.54% to 0.58%), fat (8.08% to 5.12%), crude fibre (0.32% to 0.22%), but decrease in moisture (11.46% to 10.15%), carbohydrate (69.19% to 64.56%) content with increase in germination duration. The pasting properties of the flour, peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, set back, peak time and pasting temperature decreased from 1457.01 to 348.01, 1147.07 to 152.02, 310.01 to 164.02, 3306.02 to 569.01, 2159.02 to 417.02, 5.60 to 5.08 and 1397.44 to 289.17 RVU, respectively, with increase in germination duration. There was remarkable increase in the iron, zinc, vitamin B1and B2 content from 22.02 to 93.24, 49.01 to 69.01, 0.615 to 1.633 and 0.163 to 0.483mg/100g, respectively, and a decrease in the calcium and phosphorus content from 24605.53 to 18498.55 and 1124.94 to 894.960 mg/100g, respectively, with increase in germination time. The weight and spread ratio of the baked germinated acha flour increased from 11.73g to 11.43g and 4.80 to 4.27, respectively, while the break strength and the volume of the same, increased from 2.47 to 2.83kg and 60.43 to 61.58cm3 respectively, with increase (1-5days) in germination duration. All the sensory parameters of the biscuits assessed with exception of taste were accepted and compared favourably with the control (100% wheat biscuit).

scholarly journals Effects of Fermented Maize Residue Addition on the Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Chin-Chin

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Owuno Friday ◽  
Achinewu Simeon Chituru
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pasting Temperature

Chin-Chin, a traditional Nigerian snack was prepared utilizing wheat-fermented maize residue composite flour at 0 – 30% replacement levels. Effects of this addition on the functional and pasting properties of the flour composite was evaluated. The snack produced was also evaluated for its sensory attributes, proximate composition and invitro-protein digestibility (IVPD). Functional properties results showed an increase in water absorption capacity (WAC), a decrease in oil absorption capacity (OAC), decrease in Bulk Density (BD), swelling power and solubility index with residue addition. Pasting property results showed a drop in the value of peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosity with substitution while set back viscosity increased.Peak temperature decreased, but values for pasting temperature showed no significant difference between the control and the blends. Results for sensory evaluation showed equal preference for overall acceptability. Proximate composition results showed residue addition led to an increase in crude fibre and protein content with a drop in the carbohydrate value. Residue addition did not increase protein digestibility. Addition of fermented maize residue in chin-chin production can be another way of utilizing the fibre rich by-product of the production of fermented maize starch.

scholarly journals Functional and pasting characteristics of pupuru and pupuru analogues from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
O. F. Akinyele ◽  
A. V. Ikujenlola ◽  
T. O. Omobuwajo
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Pasting Characteristics ◽  
Pasting Temperature

Abstract Pupuru and pupuru analogues are fermented, smoked food products usually produced from cassava or cassava substituted with a varying ratio of breadfruit. This study aims at determining and comparing the functional and pasting characteristics of pupuru and pupuru analogues with a view to expanding the utilization of breadfruit as pupuru analogue. The functional properties (water absorption capacity (%), swelling power (g/g), solubility (%)) and pasting characteristics were determined using standard methods. The results showed that the yield of the products ranged between 24.66 and 29.65%, and it was not affected by the amount of breadfruit substituted. The water absorption capacities of the pupuru and pupuru analogues ranged between 216.0 and 449.0%; this parameter increased with temperature increase. Both swelling power and solubility had a rapid increase from 80 °C to 90 °C. Pasting temperature ranged between 73.15 and 83.66 °C, with peak time between 4.58 and 5.33 min. The final viscosity ranged between 94.08 and 391.83 RVU, and it decreased with increase in breadfruit substitution. The study concluded that adding breadfruit to cassava in pupuru analogue production improved some of the functional and pasting properties of the product.

Pasting, Textural and Sensory Characteristics of the Kofter, A Fruit-Based Dessert: Effect of Molasses and Water Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Yildiz ◽  
Bayram Yurt ◽  
Omer Said Toker ◽  
Mehmet Murat Ceylan ◽  
Mustafa Tahsin Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Type Composition ◽  
Pasting Temperature

Abstract Kofter is a traditional product which is composed of water, molasses and starch. The quality of Kofter depends on many factors involving concentration of the ingredients, starch concentration and type, composition and type of the molasses and drying temperature and time. In the present study, the effect of molasses concentration (75–25%) on the pasting and textural properties of the Kofter samples was investigated. All pasting properties (peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, peak time, pasting temperature) were significantly affected by molasses concentration used in the formula. The increase in water concentration generally caused increase in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness value of the Kofter samples. Sensory analysis was also performed to determine mostly preferred sample regarding appearance, color, texture, taste, odor and overall preference. According to the sensory results, Kofter sample including 40% molasses and 60% water was found to be mostly preferred sample.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing Methods on the Physicochemical, Antinutrient and Pasting Properties of Three Commonly Consumed Soup Thickeners in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
J. Eke-Ejiofor ◽  
C. U. Awajiogak
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Gelation Concentration

The effect of processing methods on the physicochemical, functional, anti-nutrient factors and pasting properties of Mucuna sloanei (ukpo), Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and Daterium microcarpum (ofor) were assessed using standard methods. Flour from these seeds were produced after boiling and soaking at different time intervals.  The moisture and ash contents of the three soup thickeners ranged between 5.58- 8.92% and 1.14-5.59% with sample B1 (achi boiled for 15 min) and C4 (ofor soaked for 48 h) having the lowest while sample B2 (achi boiled for 30 min) and C1 (ofor boiled for 15 min) having the highest. Crude Fat and fibre contents ranged from 2.90-10.95% and 1.30-14.39% with samples C1 and A1 (ukpo boiled for 15 min) as the highest respectively. Crude protein and carbohydrate contents of soup thickeners ranged between 9.19 -21.31% and 45.01-71.38% with samples A3 (ukpo soaked for 24 h) and B4 (achi soaked for 48 h) as the highest. Sugar and starch contents ranged from 2.61-5.04% and from 69.00-74.27% respectively with sample C4 and A4 (ukpo soaked for 48 h) as the lowest and sample A3 and B3 (Achi soaked for 24 h) as the highest. Amylose content increased with boiling and decreased with soaking which was the reverse amylopectin. Functional properties showed bulk density and dispersibility to range between 0.56-0.76 g/ml and 32.50-48-00% with sample B3 (achi soaked for 24 h) as highest in both cases. Solubility and swelling power ranged from 32.56-107.51% and from 4.61-8.72 g/g with sample A2 (ukpo boiled for 30 min) and A1 having the highest respectively. Foam capacity ranged from 2.50-29.50% with sample C2 (ofor soaked for 48 h) having the lowest and sample A1 having the highest, while the least gelation concentration of the three soup thickeners recorded 2.00% for all the treatments. Water absorption capacity ranged between 0.67-10.46 ml/g with B1 having the lowest and sample C2 having the highest. Antinutritional factors showed that phytate recorded 0.01 g/kg for all the treatments, tannin ranged from 2.22-40.71 mg/kg, oxalate between 3.40-7.90mg/100g and saponin between 2.60-9.18% with different treatments affecting the antinutrients. Free fatty acid, peroxide value, saponification and acid values increased with an increase in treatment time while iodine value decreased as processing time increased. Pasting result showed that treatment and time affected pasting properties with the highest values as peak viscosity 16429RVU, trough viscosity 9231RVU, breakdown 7858RVU, final viscosity 19977RVU and set back viscosity 13004RVU respectively. Peak time and pasting temperature ranged between 1.60-6.10 min and between 50.25-76.18°C for the different treatments. This study shows the need for appropriate treatment and time combination for better nutrient availability and detoxification of these seeds as soup thickeners.

Proximate composition, pasting and functional properties of composite flour blends from cassava and chia seeds flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110694
Author(s):  
Ashura Katunzi-Kilewela ◽  
Leonard MP Rweyemamu ◽  
Lilian D Kaale ◽  
Oscar Kibazohi ◽  
Roman M Fortunatus
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Gelation Concentration ◽  
Flour Blends

The study established the proximate composition, pasting, and functional properties of cassava flour (CF) blended with chia seeds flour (CSF). Composite flour was prepared by blending CF with CSF in the ratios of 95:05, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25 with CF and CSF used as controls, respectively. The effect of blending significantly (p < 0.05) increased protein, fat, fibre, and ash contents as CSF increased. On other hand, moisture and carbohydrate contents decreased significantly. Pasting properties of composite flour blends decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the incorporation of CSF increased and a noticeable change was observed for composite flour (75:25) except for peak time and pasting temperature. Functional properties of water absorption capacity (WAC) of CSF were significantly different with CF and composite flour blends. Oil absorption capacity (OAC) of CF and CSF were significantly different, while the composite flour blends had varied OAC due to the inclusion of the different amounts of CSF. The swelling capacity (SC) of CF and CSF were not significantly different, but composite flour blends were significantly different from both CSF and CF. The least gelation concentration (LGC) and bulk density (BD) increased significantly as chia seeds increased. Increased concentration of chia CSF in the composite flour blends showed to alter the functional properties. This study recommends composite flour 75:25 for processing semiliquid products like porridge due to reduced pasting properties values that may be associated with increased energy density compared to CF.

scholarly journals Evaluation and storage studies of sausage roll produced from wheat-tigernut flour blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kehinde Oke ◽  
Michael Ayodele Idowu ◽  
Abiodun Aderoju Adeola ◽  
Temitope Omuwumi Abiola ◽  
Ibrahim Ololade Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Range Test

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wheat flour substitution with tigernut flour. Brown variety of tigernut was sorted and dried in a cabinet dryer at 60°C for 72hrs and was processed into flour and blended with wheat flour at different ratios of 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90 respectively. The flour blends were analyzed for proximate composition, functional properties, pasting properties and rheological properties (viscosity). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. Moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, total ash, crude fat and carbohydrate ranged from 4.11 to 10.35%, 4.72 to 12.28%, 2.82 to 9.81%, 0,51 to 0.78%, 0.84 to 15.61% and 50.26 to 73.25% respectively. Significant differences exist in the functional, pasting properties and viscosity of wheat and tigernut flour blends. As the substitution of tigernut flour increases, the hardness, crust and crumb moisture of the sausage increases during storage. The result of this study shows that tigernut has the advantage of improving the crude fat, total ash and crude fibre of the blends. Substitution of tigernut flour to wheat flour had a significant effect on all the functional properties of the flour blends. The pasting properties of wheat and tigernut flour blends were affected thereby leading to decreases in the peak, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, setback and peak time. The viscosity of wheat and tigernut flour blends is relatively too high and this suggests that the flour blends will be useful in production of baked products.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Weaning Food from Blends of Sorghum, Mung Beans and Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
H. T. Olaleye ◽  
T. O. Oresanya ◽  
E. O. Temituro
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Prevalence of Malnutrition continues to be a plague ravaging children all over the world especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. Development of inexpensive, nutritious and readily available foods can mitigate against the challenges of malnutrition. Objective: To investigate the effect of different formulations of sorghum, mung beans and orange fleshed sweet potato flour blends on the proximate, functional, pasting properties and the sensory attributes of the weaning food blends. Methodology: Weaning foods were formulated from Sorghum grains (S), Mung beans (M) and (O) Orange fleshed sweet potato in ratios 40:45:15, 40:30:30, 25:35:45, 25:45:30 and 55:30:15 respectively. The blends of the weaning food were analyzed for the proximate, functional, pasting properties and sensory evaluation using standard methods. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test p<0.05. Results: The proximate analysis of the blends had moisture content (8.15-9.58%), crude fat (1.47-2.76%), crude protein (14.00-18.04%), crude fibre (0.34-0.82%), total ash (1.86-2.52%) and carbohydrate (68.02-73.62%). Functional analysis: Bulk density 0.55-0.65 (g/cm3), swelling power (4.64-7.13%), solubility index (4.00-16.50%), water absorption capacity 1.58 (g/gcm3). Pasting: Peak viscosity: (87-214), Break-down viscosity (64-142), Trough viscosity (16-72), Final viscosity (50-175), Set back (28-103), Peak time (4.4.6 min), Pasting temperature (70.83°C). Blend S:M:O- 40:30:30 was rated most acceptable for all the parameters accessed. Conclusion: The blends of the weaning food showed that it can be a good source of carbohydrate, crude protein, minerals with low bulkiness and good reconstitution properties which can be used to solve malnutrition challenges in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Correlation Studies of Starch Pasting Properties Determined Through Rapid Visco Analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Imran Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
End Use ◽  
Rapid Visco Analyzer

In present study, pasting properties of wheat varieties were investigated through rapid visco analyzer (RVA). Starch content was determined by Megazyme kit method varied from 68.88 to 72.73%. Pasting properties indicated variability from 65.25 to 67.80 °C (pasting temperature), 3.22 to 6.00 min (peak time), 1330 to 1784 cP (peak viscosity), 645 to 1002 cP (trough viscosity), 1799 to 2565 cP (final viscosity) 685 to 782 cP (breakdown viscosity) and 1154 to 1563 (setback viscosity). Starch content and seven parameters observed from RVA profiles of various wheat varieties were evaluated for their inter- dependence. Starch content indicated a significantly positive association with trough viscosity (r = 0.926*) and final viscosity (r = 0.917*). Present data show that peak viscosity had significant and positive relationship with setback (r = 0.879*) and trough viscosity (r = 0.976**). Novelty statement. Pasting properties determine end use quality of wheat flour and primarily relates to starch content of wheat flour, which is present in largest proportion. In Pakistan, various wheat cultivars are grown in different climate. As a result, the variations in physico-chemical as well as rheological properties of wheat varieties is anticipated. Significant correlations found out in present study are valuable for the evaluation of effect of pasting properties alone and their interaction.

scholarly journals Pasting Properties of Flour Blends from Water Yam, Yellow Maize and African Yam Bean Seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
C. E. Kalu ◽  
I. C. Alaka ◽  
F. C. Ekwu
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
African Yam Bean ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Flour Sample ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Yam

Pasting properties of flour blends from water yam, yellow maize and African yam bean were investigated in this study. Peak viscosity ranged from 133.50 to 166.25RVU, Trough viscosity ranged from 85.08 to 135.20RVU, break down viscosity ranged from 28.17 to 50.58RVU, final viscosity ranged from 5.05 to 5.49 min and pasting temperature ranged from 80.25 84.15oC. Addition of yellow maize and African yam bean affected (p<0.05) the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, break down viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity in different trends. However, peak time and peak temperature of the flour sample were not statically (p<0.05) affected by the blend ratio in this study. Amongst the flour samples investigated in this study, flour sample DIN (60%WY:10%YM:30%AYB) showed promise for value added products such as noodles among other flour products. They flour sample adjusted to be the best sample could be used as a good replacement for wheat flour and when achieved, it will reduce the cost of importation.

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