scholarly journals Verbal content analysis for the study of Verisimilitude (V1) in the System for Analysis of Validity in Evaluation (SAVE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3685-3688
Author(s):  
Marta Grau Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
External Source ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
True Statement ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Verbal Message ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
Statement Validity

In the SAVE Metaprotocol (López, et al, 2018), Verisimilitude (V1) refers to that which has the appearance of truth, possibility of being believed, and with "absence of subjective incredibility". Corresponding to this section is everything related to the analysis of the content of the verbal message and which gives internal coherence to the subject's statement. This phase is obtained directly through the interview with the subject, which we record in order to be able to carry out the content analysis later. It can be using a criterial, structural, or linguistic analysis, or simply employing a study of the communicative pattern. Some examples of content analysis are Statement Validity Analysis (SVA) with its Criteria-Based Content Analysis or CBCA and its validity list. The CBCA is composed of 19 criteria used to assess the content of the statements and which to date has been admitted as court evidence in cases of possible child sexual offense. It is administered together with a validity checklist and its value as evidence depends on the scope of application (Köhnken, Manzanero & Scott 2015). The instrument called Reality Monitoring (RM), like the previous one is a tool used to assess the credibility of the testimony and that focuses on the semantic aspects that differentiate a true statement from a false or not very credible one (Raye & Johnson, 1980). Although in this aspect, we should not make the mistake of confusing credibility with veracity, since when assessing a testimony the truth as such does not exist, and depends on the functioning of our memory, which is not like a tape recorder and is not static, but is constantly exposed to changes and distortions. According to this model, the origin of our memories comes from two basic sources: External Memories, generated from the perception of real situations; and Internal Memories, the product of our imagination. The unconscious reasoning process that our mind follows to decide which information comes from an external source and which forms an internal one is called Reality Monitoring. Four qualitative attributes allow us to differentiate between these two types of memories:    

Ethnopsychology and Psychopathology: An Exploratory Content Analysis of Country and Western Song Lyrics

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Stedman ◽  
Victor S. Alpher
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Verbal Content ◽  
Song Lyrics

Ethnopsychology is an interdisciplinary field linking cultural and social anthropology with psychology. Popular culture expresses ethnopsychological processes. This proposition is illustrated through a preliminary analysis of verbal content of American “country and western” song titles and lyrics. Implications for classification in psychopathology and treatment are presented.

Assessing the Veracity of Children’s Forensic Interviews

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden M. Henderson ◽  
Samantha J. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forensic Interviews ◽  
Interview Protocol ◽  
Investigative Interview ◽  
Best Practice Guidelines

This chapter discusses the various ways in which the veracity of children’s forensic interviews can be assessed, and the implications this diversity has for the courtroom. Beforehand, it summarizes the capabilities and vulnerabilities children bring to forensic settings, and then what constitutes veracity, the importance this concept has in legal settings, and how it is typically measured. Reality Monitoring (RM) and Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) are reviewed alongside experimental and field research designed to elucidate the ways in which interview “quality” can be improved. The usefulness of best practice guidelines, such as the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol, in assessing quality is considered. Difficulties for translating research into practice are discussed. The implications these factors have for the examination of children in court are then considered, and the experimental and field research is reviewed. The chapter ends by outlining directions for future research.

scholarly journals Reality-monitoring deficits and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Mondino ◽  
Clément Dondé ◽  
Layla Lavallé ◽  
Frédéric Haesebaert ◽  
Jérôme Brunelin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
External Source ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Sensory Modalities

Abstract The presence of visual hallucinations in addition to auditory hallucinations (V + AH) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with schizophrenia. However, little consideration has been given to these symptoms and their underlying cognitive bases remain unclear. Based on cognitive models of hallucinations, we hypothesized that V + AH are underpinned by an impairment in reality-monitoring processes. The objective of the present study was to test whether reality-monitoring deficits were associated with V + AH in schizophrenia. This study examined reality-monitoring abilities in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: a group of patients with V + AH (n = 24) and a group of patients with AH only (n = 22). Patients with V + AH were significantly more likely to misremember imagined words as being perceived from an external source, compared to patients with AH only (p = 0.008, d = -0.82). In other words, V + AH patients display a larger externalization bias than patients with AH only. One explanation for these results could be that experiencing hallucinations in two sensory modalities may contribute to increased vividness of mental imagery and, in turn, lead to disruption in reality-monitoring processes. This study helps to refine our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying the presence of both auditory and visual hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.

Positive and Negative Generation Effects in Source Monitoring

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1389-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Riefer ◽  
Yuchin Chien ◽  
Jason F. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
External Source ◽  
Reality Monitoring ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Formal Modelling ◽  
Source Dimensions ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Source Of Information

Research is mixed as to whether self-generation improves memory for the source of information. We propose the hypothesis that positive generation effects (better source memory for self-generated information) occur in reality-monitoring paradigms, while negative generation effects (better source memory for externally presented information) tend to occur in external source-monitoring paradigms. This hypothesis was tested in an experiment in which participants read or generated words, followed by a memory test for the source of each word (read or generated) and the word's colour. Meiser and Bröder's (2002) multinomial model for crossed source dimensions was used to analyse the data, showing that source memory for generation (reality monitoring) was superior for the generated words, while source memory for word colour (external source monitoring) was superior for the read words. The model also revealed the influence of strong response biases in the data, demonstrating the usefulness of formal modelling when examining generation effects in source monitoring.

scholarly journals Adolescents and body cult: the influence of Internet advertising in search of the idealised male

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Carlos Fanjul Peyró ◽  
Lorena López Font ◽  
Cristina González Oñate
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Male Adolescents

This article presents the results of a research aimed at studying whether the vision of advertising images of defined masculine models influences the corporal perception of male adolescents and how they find in the Internet a reinforcement of this ideal of beauty. As study methodologies, in order to analyse the influence on body perception, an experimental study was conducted with 552 adolescents using techniques of viewing ads and surveys and content analysis to assess the information offered by the Internet on issues related to achieving a muscular body. The results show the remarkable influence of viewing of defined bodies in male adolescents and the unconscious use they make of the Internet to seek information and recommendations in this regards.

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