scholarly journals Morphological Picture of Bone Tissue from Shooting Fractures in Peresous Compression - Distraction Osteosynthesis According to G.A. Ilizarov in Low Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Dzhumabekov Sabyrbek Artisbekovich ◽  
Kubatbekov Almaz Anarbekovich ◽  
Borukeev Azamat Kyrzhybekovich

In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Dzhumabekov Sabyrbek Artisbekovich ◽  
Kubatbekov Almaz Anarbekovich ◽  
Borukeev Azamat Kyrzhybekovich

In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
A. S. Sudnitsyn ◽  
E. N. Shchurova ◽  
T. N. Varsegova ◽  
T. A. Stupina ◽  
N. S. Migalkin

Relevance. Neurological disorders are one the most frequent cause for developing of chronic foot inflammation. Analysis of pathological picture of chronic osteomyelitis in patients with neurogenic foot deformities, including cases of spina bifida, is not adequately addressed.Purpose of the study — to examine morpho-functional aspects of chronic osteomyelitis in patients with multicomponent foot deformities and with spina bifida.Materials and Methods. The present paper is based on the study of 30 patients with multicomponent neurological foot deformities complicated by chronic osteomyelitis who had medical history of spina bifida (myelomeningocele type). Histology was used to examine resected fragments of affected bone tissue, bone sequestration and skin adjacent to osteomyelitis area. Laser doppler flowmetry was used to study capillary cutaneous blood flow on plantar foot surface. Thermal and pain sensitivity was assessed by electric sensimeter in L4, L5, S1 dermatomas on the right and on the left sides.Results. Biopsy skin specimens harvested at osteomyelitis area demonstrated signs of parakeratosis, absence of stratum lucidum, epidermis acanthosis with 25% thickness increase (р = 0,04), 2,2 times increase of density for microvessels of the dermis (р = 0,73Е-4) and increased rate of capillary blood flow at 81,6±14,2% (р = 0,0004), fibrosis and dermis thinning at 19,1% (р = 0,03), 1,37 times increase in bulk density of perspiratory glands (р= 0,04), loss of adipose tissue and degeneration of nerve fibers in the majority of nerve stems of the dermis. Above factors were accompanied by disorders in thermal and pain sensitivity in 100% of cases and in 29% of those sensitivity was missing. Morphological picture of bone tissue in osteomyelitic area was manifested by multiple destruction cavities with pyogenic membrane, granular tissue of varying maturity, combined chronic and acute stages of the process, and by poor restorative bone formation.Conclusion. Disorders or lack of thermal and pain sensitivity in dermatomas L4, L5, S1, of safety sense and motion control, resulting chronic load on atypical foot segments, as well as patho-histological skin alterations contribute to ulcer formation and osteomyelitis in patients with spina bifida and multicomponent foot deformities. Morphological picture of foot bony tissue at osteomyelitic site indicates typical patho-morphological signs of chronic inflammation with poor restorative bone formation.


Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
М.У. Байдарбеков ◽  
А.А. Нурахметов ◽  
К.Т. Оспанов ◽  
А.С. Кожаков

В данной статье мы провели обзор литературы по проблеме лечения нарушений репаративной регенерации костной ткани длинных трубчатых костей. Широкий спектр существующих методик оперативного лечения псевдоартрозов длинных трубчатых костей до настоящего времени не решил проблемы регенеративной способности костных структур. Применение открытых хирургических методов связано с дополнительной травматизацией мягких тканей, сосудов поврежденной конечности и возможными осложнениями, что является их недостатком. В развитии клеточных технологий в лечении нарушений репаративной регенерации костной ткани решающую роль сыграло внедрение альтернативных методов замещения дефекта костной ткани для стимуляции регенерации кости, но недостатки различных костно-пластических материалов и имплантатов побуждают исследователей к поиску новых методов костной пластики и заменителей костных трансплантатов. В настоящее время основным направлением является разработка и внедрение в практику композитных биоматериалов с остеогенными и остеоиндуктивными свойствами, в состав которых входят стволовые или остеопрогениторные клетки человека, а также факторы роста. В связи с этим, в области тканевой инженерии активно проводятся исследования, направленные на создание остеоиндуктивных биоматериалов нового поколения, основанных на применении костных морфогенетических рекомбинантных белков, которые были одобрены, и в настоящее время уже применяются в клинической практике для восстановления несрастающихся переломов. Однако, несмотря на высокую эффективность рекомбинантных белков, до сих пор существуют некоторые проблемы, связанные с их клиническим применением. В первую очередь, это связано с коротким периодом жизни рекомбинантных белков. Введенные в участок повреждения белки теряют свою биологическую активность за короткий период времени и поэтому для того, чтобы добиться терапевтического эффекта в клинической практике используют большие дозы рекомбинантных белков. In this article, we reviewed literature on the treatment of bone repair disorders in the long tubular bones. A wide range of existing methods of long tubular bones pseudarthrosis surgical treatment has not yet solved the problem of the regenerative capacity of bone structures. The use of open surgical methods is associated with additional trauma to the soft tissues, vessels of the injured limb and possible complications, which is their disadvantage. The introduction of alternative methods of bone tissue defect replacement to stimulate bone regeneration played a decisive role in the development of cellular technologies in the treatment of disorders of reparative bone tissue regeneration, but the shortcomings of various osteoplastic materials and implants prompt researchers to search for new methods of bone grafting and bone transplant substitutes. Currently, the main direction is the development and implementation into practice of composite biomaterials with osteogenic and osteoinductive properties, which include human stem or osteoprogenitor cells, as well as growth factors. In this regard, in the field of tissue engineering, research is being actively pursued to create a new generation of osteoinductive biomaterials based on the use of bone morphogenetic recombinant proteins, which have been approved and are currently already being used in clinical practice for the restoration of nonuniting fractures. However, despite the high efficacy of recombinant proteins, there are still some clinical problems associated with their use. This is primarily due to the short lifetime of recombinant proteins. The proteins introduced into the site of injury lose their biological activity in a short period of time, and therefore, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect in clinical practice, large doses of recombinant proteins are used.


1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
O. K. Shiraliyev ◽  
T. F. Mamedov ◽  
Zh. I. Gaghiyeva

Osteoporosis and its complications - bone fractures - represent a significant medical and social problem. Due to osteoporosis, bone fractures occur annually in 1.3 million Americans and 40 thousand Canadians. In France, one in two, and in Australia, one in five women aged about 70 years, suffer from fractures caused by osteoporosis. The occurrence of osteoporosis in old women is due to a decrease in estrogen production. However, a decrease in bone mineral density occurs not only with age, but even more so with all conditions leading to a change in the balance of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. In connection with the stated purpose of this work was a synthesis of literature data on the effect of hormones on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Bone tissue is a dynamic metabolically active system. Depending on the function performed, cortical and trabecular bone are distinguished. The first makes up three quarters of the entire skeletal mass, forms the diaphysis of the tubular bones, has a low porosity, performs the function of supporting soft tissues and transmitting muscle contraction from one part of the body to another. Trabecular bone tissue makes up one fourth of the mass of the skeleton, forms the bones of the axial skeleton and the epiphysis of the tubular bones, has high porosity and ensures normal vital activity of the bone marrow. To do this, in the trabecular bones there are cavities ranging in size from 500 to 1000 microns, located between bone plates 100-150 microns thick. The basis of the vital activity of bone tissue is the functioning of two types of cells: osteoclasts resorbing the bone, and osteoblasts responsible for its formation. The ancestors of these cells are not fully understood, although hematopoietic monocyte macrophages are considered the most probable for osteoclasts, and stromal cells for osteoblasts, from which preosteoblasts arise. Throughout life, there is a constant renewal of bones, manifested in the resorption of individual, very small sections of tissue, with the almost simultaneous formation of a new bone. This process is of great evolutionary importance, since it allows you to remove microtrauma and bone microcracks that arise during the life process. Annually 25% of the mass of the trabecular bones and only 2-3% of the cortical bones are renewed.


2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Valer'evich Samusenko ◽  
Andrey Sergeevich Neretin ◽  
D V Samusenko ◽  
A S Neretin

Methods and outcomes of treatment of calcaneous deformities and defects (102 patients, 112 feet) of different etiology are presented. Treatment technique was extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis by Ilizarov. Condition of the foot was monitored using radioisotopic, biomechanical and radiologic examinations. Anatomic and functional results of treatment depended upon the severity of the initial pathologic changes in bone and soft tissues, presence of concomitant osteomyelitis in the remission phase as well as on gait stereotype and biomechanical relation of the overlying segments. Preference of transosseous osteosynthesis by Ilizarov for the treatment of calcaneous defects and deformities accounted for the possibility of dosed correction and functional loads as well as by the favorable effect on bone tissue blood supply.


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