CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION IN THE TREATMENT OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION DISORDERS OF BONE TISSUE IN LONG TUBULAR BONES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
М.У. Байдарбеков ◽  
А.А. Нурахметов ◽  
К.Т. Оспанов ◽  
А.С. Кожаков

В данной статье мы провели обзор литературы по проблеме лечения нарушений репаративной регенерации костной ткани длинных трубчатых костей. Широкий спектр существующих методик оперативного лечения псевдоартрозов длинных трубчатых костей до настоящего времени не решил проблемы регенеративной способности костных структур. Применение открытых хирургических методов связано с дополнительной травматизацией мягких тканей, сосудов поврежденной конечности и возможными осложнениями, что является их недостатком. В развитии клеточных технологий в лечении нарушений репаративной регенерации костной ткани решающую роль сыграло внедрение альтернативных методов замещения дефекта костной ткани для стимуляции регенерации кости, но недостатки различных костно-пластических материалов и имплантатов побуждают исследователей к поиску новых методов костной пластики и заменителей костных трансплантатов. В настоящее время основным направлением является разработка и внедрение в практику композитных биоматериалов с остеогенными и остеоиндуктивными свойствами, в состав которых входят стволовые или остеопрогениторные клетки человека, а также факторы роста. В связи с этим, в области тканевой инженерии активно проводятся исследования, направленные на создание остеоиндуктивных биоматериалов нового поколения, основанных на применении костных морфогенетических рекомбинантных белков, которые были одобрены, и в настоящее время уже применяются в клинической практике для восстановления несрастающихся переломов. Однако, несмотря на высокую эффективность рекомбинантных белков, до сих пор существуют некоторые проблемы, связанные с их клиническим применением. В первую очередь, это связано с коротким периодом жизни рекомбинантных белков. Введенные в участок повреждения белки теряют свою биологическую активность за короткий период времени и поэтому для того, чтобы добиться терапевтического эффекта в клинической практике используют большие дозы рекомбинантных белков. In this article, we reviewed literature on the treatment of bone repair disorders in the long tubular bones. A wide range of existing methods of long tubular bones pseudarthrosis surgical treatment has not yet solved the problem of the regenerative capacity of bone structures. The use of open surgical methods is associated with additional trauma to the soft tissues, vessels of the injured limb and possible complications, which is their disadvantage. The introduction of alternative methods of bone tissue defect replacement to stimulate bone regeneration played a decisive role in the development of cellular technologies in the treatment of disorders of reparative bone tissue regeneration, but the shortcomings of various osteoplastic materials and implants prompt researchers to search for new methods of bone grafting and bone transplant substitutes. Currently, the main direction is the development and implementation into practice of composite biomaterials with osteogenic and osteoinductive properties, which include human stem or osteoprogenitor cells, as well as growth factors. In this regard, in the field of tissue engineering, research is being actively pursued to create a new generation of osteoinductive biomaterials based on the use of bone morphogenetic recombinant proteins, which have been approved and are currently already being used in clinical practice for the restoration of nonuniting fractures. However, despite the high efficacy of recombinant proteins, there are still some clinical problems associated with their use. This is primarily due to the short lifetime of recombinant proteins. The proteins introduced into the site of injury lose their biological activity in a short period of time, and therefore, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect in clinical practice, large doses of recombinant proteins are used.

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Lee Perkins ◽  
Naghmeh Naderi

Background:Recent advances in developing biocompatible materials for treating bone loss or defects have dramatically changed clinicians’ reconstructive armory. Current clinically available reconstructive options have certain advantages, but also several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. A wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials is being used to develop tissue-engineered bone. Many of these materials are currently in the clinical trial stage.Methods:A selective literature review was performed for carbon nanostructure composites in bone tissue engineering.Results:Incorporation of carbon nanostructures significantly improves the mechanical properties of various biomaterials to mimic that of natural bone. Recently, carbon-modified biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have been extensively investigated to potentially revolutionize biomaterials for bone regeneration.Conclusion:This review summarizes the chemical and biophysical properties of carbon nanostructures and discusses their functionality in bone tissue regeneration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
Daria L. Itkina ◽  
Aliya D. Suleymanova ◽  
Margarita R. Sharipova

Phytic acid is the main storage form of organic phosphorus. Due to its structural features, phosphorus in phytate is inaccessible for assimilation by animals. Moreover, remaining inaccessible reservoir of phosphorus for animal nutrition, phytic acid is capable of forming insoluble complex salts, which lead to soil and water pollution. Мicrobial enzymes - phytases, capable of decomposing phytic acid to organic phosphorus are being used as feed additives in animal nutrition to solve this problem. Thus, search and development of technologies for the production of enzymes on an industrial scale are the most urgent. Methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris are widely used in biotechnology, as an efficient system for the recombinant proteins expression. They have many advantages, including rapid growth on inexpensive media, a wide range of molecular tools for genetic manipulation in optimizing production processes, they are safe for humans and animals, carry-out many post-translational modifications and produce recombinant proteins intracellularly or extracellularly within a short period of time. It was found that the recombinant P. pastoris strains pPINK-LC-α-MF -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-LC-α-amyl -phyC, pPINK-HC-α-MF -phyC are able to produce and to secrete B. ginsengihumi bacterial phytase M 2.11 phyC. The maximum activity was observed in the pPINK-LC-α-MF strain – 2.6 (U / mg). Recombinant B. ginsengihumi M 2.11 phytases exhibited high activity in a wide pH range from 2.5 to 9.0. The MF-phyC-HC construction is pH stable. The temperature optimum of all recombinant phytases corresponds to 37 ° C; recombinant phytases retain their activity in the range from -80 to 90C.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilind Shala

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders include a wide range of degenerative and inflammatory problems, which can affect any part of the muscular and skeletal system. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been a breakthrough in musculoskeletal medicine, especially with its effects to speed up soft tissue, cartilage, and bone healing. It is now thought that stem cells are able to reverse the degenerative process and promote rapid healing. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received special attention in treating tendinopathy and osteoarthritis. This review aims to do a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence for the efficiency of PRP application in tendinopathy and osteoarthritis. Main body of the abstract In osteoarthritis treatment, platelet-rich plasma is thought to influence the whole joint environment by increasing chondrocyte proliferation. The injection of autologous PRP into the joint space and surrounding soft tissues delivers a concentrated dose of these growth factors, which accelerate the healing process and reduce pain. Short conclusion Many studies report some benefits in regard to pain and functionality, especially in tendinopathy, but further investigations are needed to incorporate PRP into clinical practice and be a common form of therapy for tendinopathy and osteoarthritis. Caution should be applied with any treatment we use in clinical practice, especially with PRP and other forms of injections.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała

AbstractLead is an element whose presence in the environment results mainly from man’s activities. It infiltrates the bodies of living organisms in many ways; in the human body, it has a multidirectional activity, causing anemia, kidney damage, mental retardation in children, genotoxicity, impaired immune function, damage to the nervous system and an inhibition of heme synthesis. Lead also affects bones; its concentrations there, in contrast to soft tissues, are dependent on exposure and increase throughout ones lifespan. This element is the most often studied and described metal in the bone tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence the content of lead in the bone tissue and trace its content in this tissue based on literature data. The analysis of the collected literature showed an incredibly wide range of lead content in human bones was observed. This could be due to the different methods of determination (AAS, ICP-AES, K x-ray fluorescence) and the weight of the sample (dry or wet).


Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Iga Carayon ◽  
Paweł Szarlej ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
Justyna Kucińska-Lipka

The skeleton is a crucial element of the motion system in the human body, whose main function is to support and protect the soft tissues. Furthermore, the elements of the skeleton act as a storage place for minerals and participate in the production of red blood cells. The bone tissue includes the craniomaxillofacial bones, ribs, and spine. There are abundant reports in the literature indicating that the amount of treatments related to bone fractures increases year by year. Nowadays, the regeneration of the bone tissue is performed by using autografts or allografts, but this treatment method possesses a few disadvantages. Therefore, new and promising methods of bone tissue regeneration are constantly being sought. They often include the implantation of tissue scaffolds, which exhibit proper mechanical and osteoconductive properties. In this paper, the preparation of polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds modified by gelatin as the reinforcing factor and hydroxyapatite as the bioactive agent was described. The unmodified and modified scaffolds were tested for their mechanical properties; morphological assessments using optical microscopy were also conducted, as was the ability for calcification using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, each type of scaffold was subjected to a degradation process in 5M NaOH and 2M HCl aqueous solutions. It was noticed that the best properties promoting the calcium phosphate deposition were obtained for scaffolds modified with 2% gelatin solution containing 5% of hydroxyapatite.


Author(s):  
J.A. Sanz-Herrera ◽  
J.M. García-Aznar ◽  
M. Doblaré

Tissue engineering is becoming consolidated in the biomedical field as one of the most promising strategies in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Within this discipline, bone tissue engineering involves the use of cell-loaded porous biomaterials, i.e. bioscaffolds, to promote bone tissue regeneration in bone defects or diseases such as osteoporosis, although it has not yet been incorporated into daily clinical practice. The overall success of a particular bone tissue engineering application depends strongly on scaffold design parameters, which do away with long and expensive clinical protocols. Computer simulation is a useful tool that may reduce animal experiments and help to identify optimal patient-specific designs after concise model validation. In this paper, we present a novel mathematical approach to bone regeneration within scaffolds, based on a multiscale framework. Results are presented over an actual scaffold microstructure, showing the potential of computer simulation, and how it can aid in the task of making bone tissue engineering a reality in clinical practice.


2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Iolascon ◽  
Annarita Capaldo ◽  
Valentina Orlando ◽  
Enrica Menditto ◽  
Francesca Gimigliano

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Valentina Dinca ◽  
Magdalena Moisei ◽  
Robert W. Evans ◽  
Mihaela Trif ◽  
...  

: Among the multiple properties exhibited by lactoferrin (Lf), its involvement in bone regeneration processes is of great interest at the present time. A series of in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the ability of Lf to promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells and to inhibit bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. Although the mechanism underlying the action of Lf in bone cells is still not fully elucidated, it has been shown that its mode of action leading to the survival of osteoblasts is complemented by its mitogenic effect. Activation of several signalling pathways and gene expression, in an LRPdependent or independent manner, has been identified. Unlike the effects on osteoblasts, the action on osteoclasts is different, with Lf leading to a total arrest of osteoclastogenesis. : Due to the positive effect of Lf on osteoblasts, the potential use of Lf alone or in combination with different biologically active compounds in bone tissue regeneration and the treatment of bone diseases is of great interest. Since the bioavailability of Lf in vivo is poor, a nanotechnology- based strategy to improve the biological properties of Lf was developed. The investigated formulations include incorporation of Lf into collagen membranes, gelatin hydrogel, liposomes, loading onto nanofibers, porous microspheres, or coating onto silica/titan based implants. Lf has also been coupled with other biologically active compounds such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, in order to improve the efficacy of biomaterials used in the regulation of bone homeostasis. : This review aims to provide an up-to-date review of research on the involvement of Lf in bone growth and healing and on its use as a potential therapeutic factor in bone tissue regeneration.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document