The role of cationic channels of the potential TRPC receptor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerulopathy in children, with a prevalence of approximately 16 per 100,000 of child population worldwide. Any chronic glomerular disease has the same type of development mechanism. Regardless of the damaging factor, after the death of a significant part of the nephrons, there occurs a steady decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, while morphologically we most often determine focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Studying the causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is an urgent problem in pediatric nephrology. Recently, there has been discussed the role of the cation channels of the potential receptor TRPC of podocytes in the development of proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The article provides data on the role of TRPC receptors in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The authors present their our own data demonstrating gene expression of the cationic channels family of the potential receptor TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 and TRPC6 in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, depending on the morphological picture of the disease and sensitivity to steroid therapy.

A rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the skin: A case report and a literature review

This report presents the case of primary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the skin on the leg of a 74-year-old man. The epidemiological data of the neoplasm are examined, and the morphological picture and immunophenotypic profile are compared with those of the homologous tumor of the salivary glands. According to the scoring system of this type of tumor, our case is classified as low-grade.

Morphological Description of Den-3 Virus Infection Cells through EDTA Blood Feed In Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoe

Mosquito Ae. aegypti is the main dengue virus vector which causes the virus to grow and develop properly. The Artificial Membrane Feeding (AMF) method is a method of indirectly transmitting the dengue virus in the Ae. aegypti. This method uses blood feed with EDTA anticoagulant and DEN-3 virus in the insectarium. One way to detect the dengue virus found in Ae mosquito cells. aegypti is an immunohistochemical Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC). In this method, the morphological picture of DEN-3 virus infection cells will be seen through the heparin anticoagulant blood feed using the AMF method. Anticoagulants function to slow the blood clotting to feed the Ae mosquitoes. Aegypti. The aim of this study was to determine the Positive Infection Rate of DEN-3 virus and the morphological picture of DEN-3 virus infection cells using the AMF method of EDTA anticoagulant blood feed through SBPC immunocytochemical examination of Ae mosquitoes. aegypti. The design method of this study was experimental, infected Ae.aegypti mosquitoes using anticoagulant blood containing DEN-3 virus orally as an infectious sample. Negative control used Culex Sp mosquitoes and positive control used adult Ae.aegypti mosquitoes which were infected with DEN-3 virus by injection. Detection of DEN-3 virus in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes through SBPC immunositochemical examination. Results of Positive Infection Rate for Ae.aegypti mosquitoes with EDTA anticoagulant as much as 23.20% through SBPC immunocytochemical examination with a picture of cell morphology of DEN-3 virus infection. The conclusion of SBPC immunositochemical examination showed positive cell morphology of DEN-3 virus infection with EDTA anticoagulant in Ae.aegypti mosquitoes fed by human blood orally through the AMF method.

Morphological Picture of Bone Tissue from Shooting Fractures in Peresous Compression – Distraction Osteosynthesis According to G.A. Ilizarov in Low Mountains

In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.

X-RAY-morphological features of the current COVID-19 and HIV infection

Infection of HIV-infected with a new coronavirus infection, due to its high contagiousness, is inevitably growing all over the world. According to estimates of Chinese scientists, their number is currently more than 500 thousand people. Considering that COVID-19 leads to suppression of immunity and the emergence of opportunistic infections in HIV-negative patients, the activation of secondary diseases in patients with HIV is natural. In view of this, the study of the features of the X-ray morphological picture of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to MSCT data in patients with COVID-19/HIV became the goal of this study. 13 patients who underwent treatment at the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital during the period from March to July 2020 underwent MSCT of the chest organs upon admission, before discharge, as well as in case of deterioration or lack of effect from the therapy — every 3 days. The detection of pathognomonic CT signs of COVID-19 in the lungs in patients with HIV (the nature of the lesion, the stage of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process) was carried out in parallel with the diagnosis of opportunistic infections. During the examination, atypical clinical and X-ray morphological signs of the course of COVID-19/HIV coinfection were identified. In HIV-infected people, COVID-19 proceeds more easily and in disguise, while opportunistic infections both in clinical and radiological manifestations have priority signs. They are the reasons for the aggravation of the course of the disease, as well as the development of complications in these patients.

VIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEPATOCELLULAR LIVER CANCER

The review presents epidemiological data on the prevalence of hepatocellular liver cancer (HCC) in different countries of the world including the Republic of Belarus, that belongs to the countries with a low prevalence of HCC. The review also contains information about variants of liver cancer associated with various hepatotropic viruses (HBV, HCV, HDV), the pathological process in which manifests itself as a mono or mixed viral infection. The mechanisms of transformation of an infectious process into an oncological one are considered. The importance of liver cirrhosis fibrosis in the development of cancer as a competing disease, the peculiarities of the morphological picture in the liver and the effect of therapy on the course of cirrhosis and hepatocellular liver cancer are emphasized.

Difficulties in differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases in patient with overlapping autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

The article presents a clinical case of cross-syndrome of autoimmune hepatitis type 1 with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The main symptoms, laboratory and instrumental criteria of these diseases are discussed. Detection of specific antibodies is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Interpretation of changes in the colon obtained by stepwise biopsy requires special attention. The described morphological picture does not allow to make an accurate diagnosis, it can be regarded as initial manifestations of Crohn's disease, microscopic or eosinophilic colitis, signs of worm-parasitic invasion. An example of a differential diagnostic search in such a situation is discussed.

Morphological features of endometrial pinopodia formation during the luteal phase in women with previous unsuccessful implantation

Pinopodia of the receptive endometrium is one of the prerequisites for successful embryo implantation.Study objective: to analyze the morphological changes of the endometrium in infertile women, in particular to investigate the apical surface of epithelial cells and pinopodia formation. Materials and methods. 12 patients with a history of previous implantation failure were examined. Patients underwent hysteroscopy with biopsy under intravenous anesthesia on 20–24th day of the menstrual cycle. Morphological structure of pinopodia on the surface of the endometrial epithelium was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.Results. Apical surface of epitheliocytes was damaged in 16.7% studied biopsies. Morphological picture and maturity of the endometrial glands did not correspond to the actual day of the menstrual cycle in 41.7% biopsies. Degree of glands maturity in these patients was low, so there was a delay in the menstrual cycle. Ultrastructural examination showed clear changes in the structure of secretory and ciliary cells in 33.3%. On the apical surface of the secretory cells there was no or small number of microvilli; cilia of eyelashes were shortened or sometimes fused together. Pinopodia as a one of the most important components of implantation was detected in only 50% of patients. Only in 33.3% of participants visualized fully developed, mature pinopodia. Conclusions. Analysis of own data showed that in the endometrium of women with previous unsuccessful implantation there are certain morphological changes, which are physiologically manifested by a delay in the luteinizing phase of the menstrual cycle and, possibly, as a result mismatch of endometrial structure and embryo maturity. Time of pinopodia onset in participants varied from 20 to 24 days of the menstrual cycle. It is necessary to improve the design and conduct further research to study the association between the expression of receptivity markers and ultrastructural structure.

Morphological Picture of Bone Tissue from Shooting Fractures in Peresous Compression - Distraction Osteosynthesis According to G.A. Ilizarov in Low Mountains

In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.

Analysis of Graviresponse and Biological Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Clinorotation in Arabidopsis thaliana Root Tip

Clinorotation was the first method designed to simulate microgravity on ground and it remains the most common and accessible simulation procedure. However, different experimental settings, namely angular velocity, sample orientation, and distance to the rotation center produce different responses in seedlings. Here, we compare A. thaliana root responses to the two most commonly used velocities, as examples of slow and fast clinorotation, and to vertical and horizontal clinorotation. We investigate their impact on the three stages of gravitropism: statolith sedimentation, asymmetrical auxin distribution, and differential elongation. We also investigate the statocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy. Horizontal slow clinorotation induces changes in the statocyte ultrastructure related to a stress response and internalization of the PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) auxin transporter in the lower endodermis, probably due to enhanced mechano-stimulation. Additionally, fast clinorotation, as predicted, is only suitable within a very limited radius from the clinorotation center and triggers directional root growth according to the direction of the centrifugal force. Our study provides a full morphological picture of the stages of graviresponse in the root tip, and it is a valuable contribution to the field of microgravity simulation by clarifying the limitations of 2D-clinostats and proposing a proper use.