scholarly journals An Exploratory View on Congregating God and Science through Variegating Perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Mr. Jaswin Kumar N. R.
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Science is often associated with atheistic ideologies. The field of science is thought to be as one of the disciplines, wherein only rational and logical theories are often applicable. Moreover, anything that cannot be explained in terms of logical scientific theories or formula is termed as supernatural or irrational. This has also created a stereotypic notion among people that whoever is a patron of scientific ideas ought to be an atheist. Some scientists have been a fuel to this stereotype by openly embracing atheism. Furthermore, rationalism has gotten us far in the field of science. However, the ground reality is that the answers to seemingly impossible-tosolve questions cannot be discovered with logic alone. Hence, we refuse to believe in something, which is not scientific. Also, we may consider things, which we think as „beyond science‟ to make further developments within it. The reason being, it enables the mind to embrace creativity and look at various possibilities from different perspectives. This perspective of scientific thinking might even help us to resolve paradoxes and provide answers to questions like „Does God Exist?‟ Keeping these aforementioned notions, this conceptual paper overlooks on scientific theories with an exploratory view from a variegating perspective by substantiating the „String Theory‟ concepts to understand the possibility of existence of higher dimensions (up to 10th dimension) and facilitates to explain the existence of God.

The Philosophy of a Christian Virtuoso ii

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Nuovo
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
The Mind

Although Locke’s Essay is primarily a discourse in logic, he says enough about the physical nature of things to construct a theory of the nature of things. As a virtuoso, physics replaces metaphysics in his philosophical system. His ontology, however, includes not only bodies, but God and finite spirits, and its major achievement is to prove the existence of God and demonstrate his immateriality. Perhaps encouraged by reading Cudworth, Locke was confident that our faculty of reason is sufficient to refute materialism and atheism. As to the nature of bodies, Locke finds empirical evidence that solidity or impenetrability is their most evident quality. The idea of superaddition is central to Locke’s speculative or divine physics. But although such insights may elevate the mind to God, Locke’s physics is theoretically sterile, although it may have beneficial practical uses.

In quest of higher dimensions – Superstring Theory and the Calabi – Yau manifolds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Relative Notion ◽  
Definition Of

Higher dimensions are impossible to visualize as the size of dimension varies inversely proportional to its level. The more the dimension ranges, the least its size. We are a set of points living in a particular point of space and a particular frame of time. i.e, we live in space-time. The space has more dimensions that meets the human eye. We are living in a world of hyper-space. Our world being a smaller dimension is floating in higher dimensions. The quest for the visually of higher dimensions has been a fantasy to mankind but this aspect of nature is completely locked. We can transform dimensions i.e., from higher to lower dimensions, or from lower to higher dimensions, but only through mathematics. The relative notion of mathematics helps us to do the thing, which is perhaps impossible in the experimental part of physical reality. Humans being an element of 3 Dimensions – length, breath, height can only perceive one higher dimensions, that is space-time. but beyond that the notion of dimension itself changes. The dimensions got curled up in every intersection of the coordinates of space in such a way that the higher dimensions remain stable to us. But in reality it is highly unstable. In the higher dimensions, above 4, the space is tearing apart and joining again spontaneously, but the tearing portion itself covered by 2 dimensional Branes which acts as a stabilizer for the unstable dimensions. Dimensions will get smaller and smaller with the space-time interwoven in it. But at Planks length that is 10^-33 meter, the notion of space-time itself breaks down thereby making impossible for the higher dimensions to coexist along with space. Without space, there will be no identity of any dimension. The space itself is the fabric for the milestone of residing higher dimensions. Imagine our room, which is 3 dimensional. But what is there inside the room. The space and of course the time. Space-time being a totally separate entity is not quite separate when compared with other dimensions because it makes the residing place for the higher dimensions or the hyperspace itself. We all are confined within a lower dimensional world within a randomness of higher dimensions. Time being alike like space is an arrow which has the capability of slicing space into different forms. Thereby taking a snapshot of our every nano-second we vibrate within space-time. As each slice of time represents each slice of space, similarly each slice of space represents each slice of time. The nature of space-time is beyond human consciousness. It is the identity by which we breathe, we play, we survive. It is the whole localization of species that encompasses itself with space thereby making space-time a relative quantity depending upon the reference frame. The only thing that can encompass space-time or even change the relative definition of space-time is the speed, the speed far beyond the speed of light. The more the speed, the less the array of time flows. Space-time being an invisible entity makes the other dimensions visible residing in it only into the level of 3, that is l, b, h. After that there is a infamous structure formed by the curling of higher dimensions called CALABI-YAU manifold. This manifold depicts the usual nature of the dimensional quadrants of the higher order by containing a number of small spherical spheres inside it. The mathematics of string theory is still unable to solve the genus and the containing spheres of the manifold which can be the ultimate quest for the hidden dimensions. Hidden, as, the higher dimensions are hidden from human perspective of macro level but if we probe deeper into the fabric of the space-time of General Relativity then we will find the 5th dimension according to the Kaluza-Klein theory. And if we probe even deeper into it at the perspective of string theory we will be amazed to see the real nature of quantum world. They are so marvelously beautiful, they contain so many forms of higher dimensions ranging from 6 to 10. And even many more of that, but we are still not sure about it where they may exist in a ghost state. After all, the quantum nature is far more beautiful that one can even imagine with a full faze of weirdness.

Scientific Method and the Appraisal of Religion

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Keith J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Conceptual Systems ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The Right

In looking for criteria by which to assess religious conceptual systems, many philosophers have turned for help to scientific methodology. Perhaps this is because they felt philosophers of science were themselves looking in the right epistemological direction, and had a viable way of describing what they saw. Richard Swinburne has provided a strong, sustained treatment of the application of scientific method to religious truth claims, in The Existence of God. He there makes use of what he sees as ‘the close similarities which exist between religious theories and large-scale scientific theories’ in assessing the epistemic status of belief in God. The goal of this paper will be to give enough of Swinburne's position to see what criteria might be plucked therefrom, to subject both the criteria and the underlying methodology to scrutiny, and to assess where one must go from here in appraising the truth-claims of religion.

scholarly journals The history of the emergence of ideas about the principle of reasonableness in the mechanism of interpretation of law

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-237
Author(s):  
B. R. Strashinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Law System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The issue of the history of the origin of ideas about the principle of reasonableness in law occupies a central place within the study of historical and legal aspects of the principles of law in general. The author proves that the ideas about the principles of law in general are marked by the historical duration of their formation and development, and today the legal doctrine is represented by a wide range: a) worldview and scientific ideas of thinkers of antiquity; b) various theoretical and practical ideas of philosophers of the medieval period; c) scientific works of the Modern Age and the Enlightenment; d) innovative concepts and theories put forward by modern philosophers, modern jurists, political scientists, philosophers and scientists (both representatives of legal sciences and other branches of scientific research). In addition, the paper analyzes the history of the origin of worldviews and scientific ideas about the principle of reasonableness in law, as well as identifies the factors that led to its separation as an object of scientific knowledge. It is substantiated that thinkers of the Antiquity period comprehend and reveal the ideas of reason in law (law) through a set of other concepts and categories that form a connection with this ideological principle, namely: the logos, which is defined as the eternal world order; law, legislative activity as a manifestation of the logos, the ability to formalize the logos; wisdom as a result of education and human experience, public interests and balancing the interests of various subjects of social relations; common sense, etc. Summarizes the position that in the views of thinkers arises and develops the worldview that law is a product of mental human activity, which should be educated, vitally wise, and therefore able to think, analyze the objective needs of society, distinguish between «good» and «evil». This idea became a component of sophistry, which later in the views of Roman jurists expanded and rethought in terms of lawmaking and law enforcement on the mental abilities of man, who invest in the content of laws rational ideas and able to understand and apply them with the mind. It is stated that despite the fact that in the legal teachings of antiquity the principle of reasonableness in law has not yet become an independent subject of worldview or scientific understanding, nor has it been singled out as a separate legal category, it should be noted the research interest of ancient thinkers in development and improvement law, its nature, essence and functional purpose, actions and effectiveness, which are understood, including through the prism of ideas about human wisdom (mind), rationality in law, features of the implementation of law in human consciousness and behavior. Keywords: law principles, functions law principles, principle of reasonableness in law, role of principle of reasonableness in law, system law principles.

A model of matter, mind, and consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Olav Drageset
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Parallel Universes ◽  
The Mind

This article shows how string theory is able to model nonphysical particles and how three-dimensional string theory “branes” (parallel universes) could hold dark matter and dark energy. Introspective experience from scientifically oriented groups gives us some clues of how the mind and consciousness could be described. The resulting synthesis from science and direct introspection, for understanding mind and consciousness, are presented. It shows a cosmos with: (1) A parallel nonphysical universe containing dreams, thoughts, emotions, and memories. This universe, called the psychological universe, is probably based on dark matter; (2) A parallel nonphysical universe where intuitive nonphenomenal thinking takes place and where personality and worldview are stored. This universe is called the intuitive universe and is probably based on dark energy and seems to have quantum mechanical qualities. These two universes together make up the mind such as it is defined in this article; and (3) A third nonphysical universe filled with negative energy could make up consciousness. All four universes (including the physical universe) have different vacua, dimensions, and energy levels, so they are all around us but separated. I propose that biological beings consist of a physical body in the physical universe plus entangled bodies in the three nonphysical universes. Entanglement is established by signals going both ways between the different bodies. String theory shows how the interaction between branes/universes can take place. Such a worldview seems to match the requirements from string theory so that it becomes a theory that includes the physical universe and the mind (all kinds of positive energy), and the connection to consciousness. Consciousness itself is based on negative energy, according to mathematician Luigi Fantappiè. The physical base for negative energy is still an open question.

Hobbes against Descartes

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Stewart Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Existence Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Idea Of God

This chapter looks at Hobbes’s objections to Descartes’s Meditations, focusing on issues connected to materialism. It considers Hobbes’s argument that we have no idea of God, and his associated view that ideas are images which represent by resembling. In the Third Objections, Hobbes does not deny the existence of God, but he does deny that we have an idea of God, and thus undercuts Descartes’s arguments for God’s existence. He thinks we cannot prove the immateriality of the mind, and even suggests that the mind is purely material. The chapter also considers Hobbes’s claim that we have no idea of substance, asking where exactly Hobbes differs from Descartes on this issue.

Prayer and Proof, Affect and Argument: The Role of Joy in St. Anselm’s Proslogion

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
Martin Benson
Keyword(s):  
Existence Of God ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Famous Argument ◽  
The Mind

Anselm of Canterbury’s Proslogion is a Benedictine prayer-exercise that contains a famous argument for the existence of God. This article highlights how the argument is intertwined with the prayer. The article argues that since the understanding of God leads to a joyous affect, the logic of the argument must be causally connected with joy. While much of the secondary literature applies a division between ‘prayer’ and ‘proof’, this article suggests a reading of the Proslogion proof as a prayer-practice, and the prayer-practice is in turn analyzed through the logic of the proof. The result is a description of how contemplation of the argument drives affect, leading to the conclusion that the affect of joy achieves the intended result of the proof: the joy leads the mind to God. The article thus shows that the Proslogion is an intellectual affective prayer-practice.

René Descartes (1596-1650) and the early Royal Society

1950 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Moral Perfection ◽  
René Descartes ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Better Than

logical demonstrations as possibly fallacious, and waking thoughts as perhaps no better than dreams, he yet remained convinced of his own existence as a thinking, doubting being— je Pense, donc je suis . Thence, by a process of reasoning which has not escaped criticism, he infers the existence of God, Whose moral perfection then guarantees the validity of all propositions which the mind clearly and distinctly apprehends to be true. One such proposition is the existence of matter characterized only by extension in space and by the capacity for motion.

scholarly journals On Characterizing Metaphysical Naturalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-260
Author(s):  
Lok-Chi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Metaphysical Naturalism ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The disciplinary characterization (DC) is the most popular approach to defining metaphysical naturalism and physicalism. It defines metaphysical naturalism with reference to scientific theories and defines physicalism with reference to physical theories, and suggests that every entity that exists is a posited entity of these theories. DC has been criticized for its inability to solve Hempel’s dilemma and a list of problems alike. In this chapter, I propose a novel version of DC that can be called a historical paths approach. The idea is (roughly) that metaphysical naturalism can be defined with reference to the historical ideas that current scientific ideas descend from. I argue that it is not rendered implausible by the above problems, and hence that DC is more defensible and attractive than it may first appear. I then argue that the approach also provides a useful framework for the naturalization of the philosophy of mind and phenomenology.

scholarly journals Themata in science and in common sense

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Marková
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Self ◽  
Scientific Thinking ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Theory Of Social Representations

AbstractHuman thinking is heterogeneous, and among its different forms, thinking in dyadic oppositions is associated with the concept of themata. Gerald Holton characterises themata as elements that lie beneath the structure and development of physical theories as well as of non-scientific thinking. Themata have different uses, such as a thematic concept, or a thematic component of the concept; a methodological (or epistemological) thema; and a propositional thema. Serge Moscovici has placed the concept of themata in the heart of his theory of social representations which is based on ‘natural thinking’ and on forms of daily knowing, including common sense. In this article I shall explore some features of thematic concepts and of methodological themata in scientific theories and in common sense. More specifically, I shall refer to the significance of the methodological (or epistemological) thema the Self and Other(s) in common-sense thinking and in social practices.

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