Adsorption Of Acetic Acid On Activated Carbon Synthesized From Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Thin layer chromatography has been investigated for the identification of cashew nut shell, one of the common adulterants in ground coffee, tea, and chicory. The ether extract of the sample is applied to silica gel C plates and developed with benzene-dioxane-acetic acid (90+25+4) . Cashew nut shell shows 3 distinctive spots (Rf 0.7, 0.54, and 0.34) with diazotized benzidine which are totally absent in tea, coffee, and chicory. The spots have been identified as anacardic acid, cardol, and anacardol, respectively.

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Analisis Nilai Kapasitansi Komposit Lithium Besi Oksida (Li5FeO4) dan Karbon Aktif Kulit Biji Mete sebagai Bahan Dasar Elektroda Baterai Lithium: Efek Variasi Massa

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Fisika ◽

10.36709/jipfi.v5i3.13932 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Ahmad Ahmad ◽

Erniwati Erniwati ◽

Vivi Hastuti RM

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Lithium Battery ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Solid State Method ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Battery Electrode ◽

Cashew Nut Shell

Previous researchers have investigated the manufacture of lithium battery electrode materials from Li5FeO4 composites with activated carbon of cashew nutshells. However, the effect of combining activated carbon to the lithium battery electrode material was not reviewed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the comparison of the mass composition of Li5FeO4 and cashew nut shell active carbon on the capacitance value of the lithium battery electrode. These electrodes generated using the high-temperature solid-state method. The material used is iron oxide Fe2O3 from iron sand and LiOH.H2O, which homogenized with a sintering temperature of 850̊C for 15 hours with a ratio of 6/1 to produce Li5FeO4. Then Li5FeO4 was compiled with activated carbon of cashew nut shells with a mass fraction of activated carbon 60%, 50%, 40%, and 20%. Furthermore, it characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The results of cyclic voltammetry characterization for a mass fraction of 60% produce a capacitance of 4.7 F / g, a mass fraction of 50% produces a capacitance of 59.1 F / g, a mass fraction of 40% produces a capacitance of 87, 3 F / g, and a mass fraction of 20% produces capacitance of 243 F / g. From the four variations of mass fraction, the capacitance that meets the lithium battery electrode capacitance on the market is the mass fraction of 20%.

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Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 loaded cashew nut shell activated carbon and photocatalytic activity on BG and MB dyes under sunlight radiation

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy ◽

10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.087 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 314-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

S. Ragupathy ◽

K. Raghu ◽

P. Prabu

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Cashew Nut Shell ◽

Sunlight Radiation

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Exhaustive valorization of cashew nut shell waste as a potential bioresource material

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91571-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Nyirenda ◽

Kadango Zombe ◽

George Kalaba ◽

Chipo Siabbamba ◽

Inyambo Mukela

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Acid Value ◽

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Spontaneous Interaction ◽

Shell Waste ◽

Cashew Nut Shell

AbstractIn this paper, we report extraction of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) from cashew nut shell waste (CNSW) and further use of residues for generation of activated carbon for removal of heavy metals and methylene blue (MB). Solvent extraction yielded 24.6 ± 0.4%, 38.2 ± 0.4% and 40.1 ± 0.9% for petroleum ether, hexane and ethanol respectively. Phytochemical screening showed presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, amino acids, terpenoids, proteins, steroids, glycosides and carboxylic acids. The CNSL had a pH of 3.2, viscosity (104.6 ± 1.8 mPa s), moisture (6.5%), ash (1.6 ± 0.1%), refractive index (1.52 ± 0.001), specific density (0.9561 ± 0.0002 g/cm3), acid value (118.7 ± 9.2 mg KOH/g), free fatty acid value (60.1 ± 4.7%), saponification number (138.1 ± 3.2 mg KOH/g) and iodine value (188.1 ± 2.3 mgI 2/100 g). The average percentage removal of Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) was 99.4 ± 0.5, 95.4 ± 1.5, 99.5 ± 0.1, 98.4 ± 0.1%, and removal efficiency of MB at 50, 150, 250 and 350 mg/L was 99.63, 97.66, 96.48 and 94.81%, respectively. Equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 12.1 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics conformed to pseudo-second-order model. ∆G° was negative and a ∆H° of + 22.76 kJ/mol indicated that adsorption was endothermic. The ΔS° (+ 0.086 kJ/mol/K) showed that there was spontaneous interaction of the solution and adsorbate. These results show that CNSW is a potential bioresource for CNSL production for use in the paints, varnishes, surface coatings, agrochemicals and ethnomedicine industries. Residual shells can be exploited as fuels or converted to activated carbon for use as low-cost filters in water purification.

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Detoxification of E-waste polluted site using cashew nut shell-based activated carbon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-390726/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isaac Kow Tetteh ◽

Christina Koli Gidisu ◽

Alhassan Sulemana ◽

Kodwo Miezah

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Electronic Waste ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Steam Boiler ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract This study considered the potential use of activated carbon (AC) produced from cashew nuts for remediation of electronic waste (E-waste) polluted soil sites at Agbogbloshie, Accra, Ghana. The AC supplied by Climate-Environmental Research and Technology (CLERET) Laboratory, one of the research and development (R&D) umbrellas of Explore Scientific Innovations Ltd., Ghana. It was prepared by a two-stage process involving wood-fired reactor for thermal pyrolysis at temperature ranging from 800–1000 oC, followed with activation with oxidizing gas generated by wood-fired steam boiler at 160 oC and 7.5 atm pressure for 30 minutes. The product was characterized based on bulk density, particle size, iodine number, electrical conductivity (EC), porosity, and pH. Three replicates of soil samples were scooped from at a depth of 0–15 cm using a soil auger from two randomly selected sites. The samples were digested with 10 ml of ternary solution (20 ml of HClO4; 500 ml of HNO3; 50 ml of H2SO4) on a hot plate at 90°C for 30 minutes to an hour and analyzed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cu, Cr and Cd) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The cashew nut shell-based AC significantly removed the heavy metal contents of the E-waste polluted soil with removal efficiency in the order: Cd (100%) > Pb (93%) > Fe (87%) > Cu (87%) > Cr (76%) for granular and Cd (100%) > Pb (98%) > Fe (96%) > Cu (94%) > Cr (87%) for powdered activated carbons. The slopes of the linear graph of the adsorption isotherms of the tested metals which is indicative of the quality of adsorption of the metals were in the order: Pb (0.9754) > Fe (0.9093) > Cr (0.8799) > Cu (0.8176) > Cd (0.7511). These agro-based waste materials therefore have great potential for effective detoxification of E-waste polluted sites.

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