scholarly journals Envelhecer em casa: contributos da terapia ocupacional /Aging in place: contributions from occupational therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Jacinta Gabriela Pragosa Vala ◽  
Gabriela Sofia Perfeito Borges ◽  
Mafalda Semedo Louro de Castro Martins ◽  
Rui Miguel Rodrigues Xavier ◽  
Mônica Braúna Alencar Leão da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Environmental Gerontology ◽  
Definition Of

Introdução: O termo envelhecer em casa tomou uma dimensão orientadora para dar resposta às necessidades dos idosos, adiando a institucionalização. O conceito “Aging in Place” dá a oportunidade para que as pessoas idosas permaneçam nas suas casas e mantenham os seus laços afetivos e as rotinas significativas.  Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar o contributo da Terapia Ocupacional na Gerontologia Ambiental, com a temática “Envelhecer em casa”. Métodos: Assim, recorremos a uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual se desenvolveu em 6 etapas: definição do tema, identificação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, organização dos estudos pré-selecionados, categorização dos estudos analisados, discussão e interpretação dos resultados e revisão do conhecimento obtido. A recolha de dados foi feita de setembro a dezembro de 2019, tendo como critérios de inclusão estudos dentro do horizonte temporal de 2012 a 2020 publicados em bases indexadas em português e inglês. Resultados: Foram selecionados 26 estudos, sendo categorizados em i) Avaliação, que diz respeito às metodologias de avaliação utilizadas pela Terapia Ocupacional, no âmbito da Gerontologia Ambiental; e ii) Intervenção, com estudos direcionados às intervenções feitas pela Terapia Ocupacional no contexto domiciliar. Conclusão: Os terapeutas ocupacionais são indispensáveis para avaliar e intervir no contexto domiciliar da pessoa idosa, de forma a manter e/ou melhorar a sua capacidade funcional, além de a manter num ambiente que lhe é significativo. No entanto, há pouca evidência sobre os tipos de instrumentos de avaliação na área da Gerontologia Ambiental, sendo importante realizar mais estudos nesta temática.Palavras-chave: Gerontologia. Ambiente. Terapia Ocupacional. Envelhecimento. Domicílio. AbstractIntroduction: The concept ''aging in place'' became more instructing based, in order to answer the needs of the elderly, postponing institutionalization. Such concept offers elders an opportunity to remain in their homes as well as keeping their affective bonds and meaningful routines. Objective: Objectively, this study means to explore the contribute of Occupational Therapy in Environmental Gerontology, with the aging in place theme. Method: Therefore, we resorted to an integrative literature review, in which 6 steps were developed: the definition of the theme, recognition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, organization of pre-selected studies, categorization of analysed studies, discussion and interpretation of results, and lastly, review of the gathered knowledge. The assembly of information was done from September to December in 2019, bearing as principles the inclusion of studies from within the years of 2012 to 2020 published in Portuguese and English. Results: From the 26 selected studies, these were categorized in: i) Evaluation, following the grading methods used by Occupational Therapy, on the scope of Environmental Gerontology; ii) Intervention, with studies aimed at interventions by Occupational Therapy in a household context. Conclusion: Occupational therapists are fundamental to evaluate and intervene on the elders' household context, in order to maintain or improve their functional capabilities, besides allowing the home environment to prevail. However, there is little evidence on the types of assessment instruments in the field of Environmental Gerontology, and it is important to carry out further studies on this topic.Keywords: Gerontology. Environment. Occupational Therapy. Aging in Place. ResumenIntroducción: La palabra envejecer en el hogar surgió de la necesidad de dar una respuesta a las necesidades de los mayores y sus familias. Las personas hacen su vida a diario, sus rutinas y evita una institucionalización de los mayores en centros. Los lazos de relación entre la familia y comunidad se mantienen al largo de la vida, no existiendo un hueco. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende conocer cuál el papel de la Terapia Ocupacional en áreas como Gerontología Ambiental y “Envejecer en Casa”. Método: Nos basamos en información variada y publicada que refiere 6 pasos tales como: definición del tema, definición de los criterios de inclusión/ excusión; organización de los estudios seleccionados, análisis de los estudios, discusión y debate de los resultados y un repaso del conocimiento obtenido. La recogida de información fue con encuestas y experimentos entre los meses de septiembre a diciembre de 2019. Resultados: Los estudios, un total de 26, entre los años 2012 y 2020 en publicaciones especializadas en lengua portuguesa e inglesa.  Todos ellos siguen orientaciones: i) evaluación, métodos utilizados en Gerontología Ambiental, ii) intervención con basis en los estudios hechos en contexto de la familia. Conclusión: En esta parte destacamos el papel fundamental ejercido por los terapeutas ocupacionales que con su intervención permiten el desarrollo de capacidades en el medio en que viven. Hemos concluido que los estudios sobre la intervención de especialistas como los terapeutas ocupacionales aún son reducidos, necesitando investigación y conocimiento.Palabras Clave: Gerontología. Ambiente. Terapía Ocupacional. Envejecimiento. Hogar.

scholarly journals What is professionalism in occupational therapy? A concept analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742199437
Author(s):  
Alexandra Lecours ◽  
Nancy Baril ◽  
Marie-Josée Drolet
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Extract Information

Background. Professionalism has been given different definitions over time. These are, commonly theoretical and difficult to operationalize. Purpose. This study aimed to provide an operational definition of the concept of professionalism in occupational therapy. Method. Based on a concept analysis design, a meta-narrative review was conducted to extract information from 30 occupational therapy manuscripts. Findings. Professionalism is a complex competence defined by the manifestation of distinct attitudes and behaviours that support excellence in the occupational therapy practice. In addition, professionalism is forged and evolves according to personal and environmental characteristics. The manifestation of professionalism can lead to positive consequences for occupational therapists, clients, and the discipline, notably contributing to a positive and strong professional identity. Moreover, professionalism is also subject to cultural influences, which leads to variations in its development, manifestations, and consequences. Implications. This study offers a contemporary operational definition of professionalism and levers to promote its development and maintenance.

Understanding Occupational Therapy: A Hermeneutic Approach

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The term ‘hermeneutic’ has recently been appearing in the occupational therapy literature related to clinical reasoning but without an adequate definition of its meaning. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to offer a simple introduction to the term and discuss how it applies to clinical reasoning, thus providing occupational therapists with some of the language they will need to understand this relatively new concept fully. Drawing on literature from nursing, physiotherapy, psychology and occupational therapy, this article examines a hermeneutic approach to occupational therapy research and practice and, indeed, to an understanding of the concept of occupational therapy itself.

A Perspective on the Principles and Practice of Occupational Therapy

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mocellin
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Concise Definition

This paper presents a concise definition of occupational therapy incorporating a theoretical concept which, it is suggested, provides the essential underpinning for the profession. It is further suggested that occupational therapists should become more disciplined in dealing with the health problems of patients. General guidelines considered necessary for effective practice are also outlined.

Holistic Occupational Therapy: Historical Meaning and Contemporary Implications

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Mccoll
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Holistic Health ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Strict Definition

Holism is an idea that occupational therapists use frequently to describe and characterize their practice. And yet, there seems to be some controversy about what it means and what it implies? This paper explores the historical and contemporary meaning of holism, and attempts to project implications for occupational therapy of adopting a strict definition of the holistic practitioner. Implications are explored according to four principles of holistic health care: that the individual is an integrated being, with the capacity to maintain equilibrium; that the goal of health care is the experience of health, not merely the absence of observable signs of illness; that evaluation of health should be a synthesis of understanding of the individual in his or her environment, not an analysis of the individual; and finally, that illness is a normal experience and an opportunity to achieve a higher level of self-awareness and integration with the environment. Each of these principles is explored relative to perceived current practices in the areas of service, research and education in occupational therapy. The paper concludes with a summary of the changes that would be required of the discipline of occupational therapy, if it were to adhere strictly to this definition.

Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice According to New Graduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Misiorek ◽  
Edyta Janus
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Therapy Education ◽  
Occupational Therapy Practitioners

Occupational therapy practitioners consider spirituality to be significant in affecting the process and outcome of occupational therapy; however, many therapists voice confusion and concern about its application within their practice. This study aimed to describe the personal definition of spirituality of young occupational therapy practitioners and their perspectives on its application to their practice. Thirty-five young occupational therapists, engaged in a postprofessional master’s degree, were interviewed using a self-prepared questionnaire, which included open and close-ended questions. The data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Most participants defined spirituality as a driving force, which shapes many aspects of life. More than half of the participants considered spirituality as crucial in forming therapeutic relationships. The findings suggest that inclusion of spirituality within occupational therapy education warrants further research.

scholarly journals Can Occupational Therapy Address the Occupational Implications of Hoarding?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cathy Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Daily Occupation

Hoarding is often described as a medical disorder, defined by a persistent difficulty in discarding possessions and associated high levels of emotional distress when forced to part with these. This article will discuss how having a different view of hoarding, seeing hoarding as a daily occupation which provides value, purpose, and meaning and with a relationship to self-identity and life purpose, could offer alternate interventions to support an individual who hoards. The article will consider the components of hoarding activity and how these relate to health and wellbeing and doing, being, belonging, and becoming as understood by occupational therapists. The article will consider what occupational therapy, a profession which considers a person’s daily occupations, the things that occupy their time and which give meaning to their existence, could offer as an alternative to current hoarding interventions. Proposals for occupational therapy interventions will be suggested which would support occupational choice, support engagement in activities which have more positive outcomes on a person’s health, and seek to address barriers which limit engagement and occupational performance in activities within the person’s home environment.

Critical reflections on occupational justice: Toward a rights-based approach to occupational opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Whalley Hammell
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Occupational Justice ◽  
Definition Of

Background. Occupational justice is cited throughout the occupational science and occupational therapy literatures despite little scholarly attention either to its definition or to how situations of occupational justice are identifiable. Purpose. This paper aims to contribute a critique of occupational justice, explore the concepts of justice and (occupational) rights, and support a capabilities approach to inform rights-based occupational therapy practices. Key Issues. No clear definition of occupational justice or differentiation from social justice exists despite the longevity of the concept, and theorists frequently confuse the concepts of justice and rights. A rights-based focus provides an unambiguous mandate for occupational therapists, with the capabilities approach offering a cross-disciplinary framework to inform rights-based practices. Implications. The concept of occupational rights is consistent with the rights-based focus advocated by the disabled people’s movement, articulated by the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and affirmed by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists’ position on the centrality of occupation to health, well-being, and human rights.

Client-Centred Practice: The True Impact

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma Sumsion
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Definition Of

1993 marks the tenth anniversary of the release of the Guidelines for the Client-Centred Practice of Occupational Therapy which are now central to many clinical programmes and evaluation tools. This discussion paper presents some questions about how the model of client-centred practice is being applied by occupational therapists, and asks whether or not therapists clearly understand the implications of the model. The advantages of this model, such as the ability for the diverse definition of the term “client”, its applicability to community practice, and the presentation of therapeutic challenges, are discussed. The author also provides her opinion about how the truly client-centred process should be applied.

A Standard Terminology for Occupational Therapy

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Creek
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Standard Terminology ◽  
Definite Sense ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

A standard terminology is the authorised system of words and phrases used in a definite sense within a science or subject. The need for a standard terminology for occupational therapy in the United Kingdom was identified in relation to three projects: the Garner Project (College of Occupational Therapists 1999), the Systematised Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine — Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) and Occupational Therapy Defined as a Complex Intervention (Creek 2003). In May 2004, the College of Occupational Therapists commissioned the development of a standard terminology for occupational therapy, to include definitions of between 5 and 12 key terms plus the term occupational therapy. Two sources of data were used: occupational therapy literature and a panel of expert practitioners. The primary literature sources were the College of Occupational Therapists' publications, the European Network of Occupational Therapists in Higher Education's website and the World Federation of Occupational Therapists' website. A Delphi approach was chosen as an appropriate method for obtaining consensus on the definitions among 42 expert occupational therapists. It was found that the Delphi approach, whilst appropriate for producing a set of six definitions of key terms, failed to produce a single definition of occupational therapy. Instead of the number of possible definitions decreasing in each round, it expanded as panel members struggled to find a way of capturing the complexity of occupational therapy within a short definition.

Senior Labor Study: A New Definition Of Normal Hemoglobin Values In Older Healthy Individuals

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 956-956
Author(s):  
Lorenz Risch ◽  
Corina Risch ◽  
Pedro Medina ◽  
Urs Nydegger ◽  
Martin Risch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract With increasing mean age of the world population it becomes clear that biological and chronological ages might diverge on individual levels. In contrast to working age adults, older people have a higher incidence of anemia mostly in association with medical comorbidities (Artz, Fergusson et al. 2004, Merchant and Roy 2012). Incidence of anemia in the elderly has so far been investigated in large studies mostly performed on hospitalized patients, nursing homes subjects or mobile examination centers subjects seeking medical care with a variety of complaints (Kikuchi, Inagaki et al. 2001, Guralnik, Eisenstaedt et al. 2004). In the USA, the 3rd NHANES study focused on racial groups of elderly revealing a prevalence of anemia in men and women >65 yrs of ∼10% (Izaks, Westendorp et al. 1999, Guralnik, Ershler et al. 2005). In patients over 85 yrs, this number exceeded 20%. Current reference intervals for clinical laboratory assays are based on younger adult's samples. Physiologic concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb) in human blood range from 120 g/l (female) and 130 g/l (male) to 168 g/l (both genders) under which anemia and above which polycythemia get diagnosed. We are currently in need for reference ranges suited for normal older subject and unbiased by already debilitated individuals. The defining cut-offs provided by the WHO are 120 g/l for women and 130 g/l for men (WHO Technical Report Series 1968); although older age is generally associated with lower Hb levels, these cut-offs do not account for age. We have performed a large recruitment as part of our Senior Labor study (Risch, Medina et al. 2012). In contrast to previous studies, we have prospectively recruited healthy Caucasian subjects over 60, implementing strong exclusion criteria for participating subjects. For those healthy individuals, a complete blood count (CBC) as well as frequently performed clinical laboratory tests were prospectively performed. A total of 1255 subjects consented to enroll for the study after having passed the primary clinical exclusion criteria which comprised one or more of the following questions affirmatively answered (primary exclusion criteria): drugs: do you take drugs containing steroids, are you under ill-adjusted antihypertensive therapy, do you suffer from thyroid diseases/are you substituted with thyroid hormones, do you have diabetes mellitus, have you suffered from cancer during the last 5 years, were you hospitalized during the month prior to enrolment and do you abuse alcohol. Complete blood count assays were done using an XE-5000 hematology analyzer and clinical chemistry assays followed routine workflow on modular platforms. We evaluated 696 women and 559 with ages ranging from 60 to 99 years old. Mean Hb and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logarithmic transformation in order to correct of skewness of the data. Overall, women had a mean Hb of 136 (95%CI 120-155) and men had a mean Hb of 148 (95%CI 128-172). Detailed results by age groups are presented in figure 1. Hb level was steady over age groups until 74 yo for men and 79 for women. Interestingly, only a few subjects fell outside the WHO limits with 20 women having a Hb less than 120 (2.9%) and 20 men a Hb less than 130 (3.6%). We looked for frequent causes for anemia such as low ferritin and vitamin deficiencies (folic acid and B12). In the cohort, 37 subjects had a ferritin lower than 20 µg/l (2.9%). Among these, 9/37 (24.3%) had a low Hb (WHO definition) and only one in 37 (2.7%) had a MCHC below 310. The micronutrients folic acid and vitamin B12 were also assessed; 98 subjects (7.8%) had folic acid < 10 nmol/l. Among these individuals, 6/98 (6.1%) were anemic. The definition of vitamin B12 deficiency varies but is usually accepted as lower than 200 pmol/l in older persons: in the whole population, 398/1255 (31.7%) subjects had vitamin B12 levels < 200 pmol/L, and 105/1255 (8.4%) had vitamin B12 concentrations less than 150 pmol/L. Using these two limits, these subjects were anemic in 11/398 (2.8%) and 4/105 (3.8%) respectively. This indicates a limited impact of folic acid and B12 deficiency on anemia of the elderly. In this study, we were able to define new Hb reference range in older subjects reporting healthy by strict clinical criteria in a large cohort of subjects. Our results show a very limited proportion of subject with WHO defined anemia, thus indicating that even in older subjects, the discovery of a low Hb is likely to be associated to an underlying pathology. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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