Ex-situ Conservation of Endospermum malaccense (Sesendok): Tree Selection, Wilding Handling and Seed Germination

Endospermum malaccense or locally known as Sesendok is one of the timber species belong to the family of Euphorbiaceae. It has a good characteristic in term of growth performance and wood properties similar with rubberwood. From the previous research, it has the potential to be a timber replacement to the rubberwood since the resource of rubberwood is decreasing. Therefore, the conservation of the superior genotype of Sesendok is necessary to take place in order to preserve the gene source of superior genotype. The process to conduct the ex-situ conservation must follow the scientific procedure to ensure the material taken can survive in the new environment. The selection of the Sesendok was conducted at three different populations. The selection of superior mother trees was based on the phenotypic and also wood properties. The establishment of ex-situ conservation (germplasm) for Sesendok will ensure the gene bank material resources keep well conserve. The result of survival rate for the wilding varies from 5% to 30% based on the height and size of the wilding. While for the seeds collected, germination rate varies from 80-95%. Ex-situ conservation and planting of Sesendok in large scale would be the answer to preserve the selected genotype for future breeding program and ensure sustainable supply of raw material to the industries.

Download Full-text

The Stimulating Effects of Imazalil and Carbendazim Fungicides on in Vitro Propagation and ex Situ conservation of the Medicinal Balkan Range-Restricted Sideritis Raeseri Boiss & Heldr. Subsp. Raeseri

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1752-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Virginia Sarropoulou ◽

Eleni Maloupa

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Root Number ◽

Short Period ◽

Shoot Number

Sideritis raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri, known in Greece as Mountain tea of Parnassus or Velouchi is a range restricted medicinal plant of the Balkan peninsula. Conventional propagation methods did not allow the mass production of plant material in a short period of time due to both low seed germination rate and rooting of cuttings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a reliable, reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol for mass and large-scale micropropagation, germplasm and ex situ conservation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. using Imazalil and Carbendazim fungicides. After 9 weeks, 2.5-10 mg/l Imazalil stimulated root length by 1 cm but diminished root number and rooting percentage. Optimum shoot number (5.58), shoot length (24.91 mm), shoot multiplication (100%), root number (20.63) and rooting (66.67%) were recorded with 0.5 mg/l kinetin (KN) + 0.05 mg/l ?-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (Imazalil-free). After 4 ½ weeks, 1 mg/l Carbendazim + 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) yielded 5.77 shoots/explant, 16.1 mm shoot length and 100% shoot multiplication. However, Carbendazim did not result in rooting. The ex vitro survival percentage of rooted shoot-tip explants derived from Imazalil experiment was 95%. Carbendazim proved useful in shoot proliferarion and Imazalil in root elongation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri micropropagation system.

Download Full-text

SEED FEATURES OF IMPORTANT TIMBER SPECIES FROM THE FLOODPLAIN VÁRZEA FOREST: IMPLICATIONS FOR EX SITU CONSERVATION PROGRAMS IN THE AMAZON

Scientific Magazine UAKARI ◽

10.31420/uakari.v9i2.148 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 7-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Auristela Dos Santos Conserva ◽

Denise Garcia de Santana ◽

Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Timber Species ◽

Conservation Programs

Download Full-text

Estimation of Eucalyptus delegatensis wood properties by near infrared spectroscopy

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x01-101 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1671-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

L R Schimleck ◽

R Evans ◽

J Ilic

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Single Type ◽

Wide Range ◽

Eucalyptus Delegatensis

The use of calibrated near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the prediction of a range solid wood properties is described. The methods developed are applicable to large-scale nondestructive forest resource assessment and to tree breeding and silvicultural programs. A series of Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Baker (alpine ash) samples were characterized in terms of density, longitudinal modulus of elasticity (EL), microfibril angle (MFA), and modulus of rupture (MOR). NIR spectra were obtained from the radiallongitudinal face of each sample and used to generate calibrations for the measured physical properties. The relationships were good in all cases, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.77 for MOR through 0.90 for EL to 0.93 for stick density. In view of the rapidly expanding range of applications for this technique, it is concluded that appropriately calibrated NIR spectroscopy could form the basis of a "universal" testing instrument capable of predicting a wide range of product properties from a single type of spectrum obtained from the product or from the raw material.

Download Full-text

Ex situ Conservation of Three Endemic and/or Endangered Dianthus Species

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4119110 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victoria CRISTEA ◽

Liliana JARDA ◽

Irina HOLOBIUC

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

First Year ◽

Genetic Uniformity ◽

Current Context ◽

Different Populations

Within the current context of declining biodiversity, the botanical gardens play an essential role in its conservation. Dianthus callizonus, D. glacialis ssp. gelidus and D. spiculifolius are the species that we seek to preserve in "Alexandru Borza" Botanical Garden of Cluj-Napoca (Romania). Several replicates were collected for each taxon from different populations in order to avoid the genetic uniformity. The material collected from the natural sites, was planted on a rockery, specially designed for this collection in the Botanical Garden. At the time of planting, each individual was sampled for setting up an in vitro collection and further biochemical and molecular analyses. In case of ex situ outdoor conservation of the three Dianthus species, 80.6% of the individuals collected in the field survived during the first year but the percentage decreased drastically after four years. In the case of in situ collected individuals, as well as in the case of in vitro individuals, D. spiculifolius had the best ability to acclimatize in the Botanical Garden, and D. callizonus presented the lowest number of surviving individuals. The ex vitro acclimatization of the plantlets had 80% efficiency at 10ÂºC, using three different substrates: soil and pearl stone mix 1/1, soil and sand mix 1/1 and pearl stone. All the three species are preserved in vitro, whereas the plantlets are acclimatized outdoors. Ex situ conservation of these species will have a positive impact on the biodiversity conservation.

Download Full-text

Ex-Situ Conservation and Selection of Superior Genotypes Through Trait Association Studies in Asparagus racemosus

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s40011-014-0323-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 829-836

Author(s):

Parveen ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Santan Barthwal ◽

Rama Kant

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Association Studies ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Trait Association ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Study of the Germination of Six Begonia Species as an Effort to Preserve Genetic Resources

Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education ◽

10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.30255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 222-229

Author(s):

Cokorda Istri Meyga Semarayani ◽

Ayyu Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Complete Information ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Best Response ◽

Different Types ◽

High Level

Begonia is an ornamental plant that has a high level of morphological diversity. Begonia propagation is mostly done vegetatively and very rarely to propagate sexually. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the ability of six types of Begonia seeds to germinate. Six types of Begonia, namely B. x albopicta W. Bull 'Coral Rubra', B. gambutensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas, B. multistaminea Burt-Utley, B. nelumbifolia Schltdl. & Cham., B. ulmifolia Wild. and B. varipeltata D.C.Thomas. were grown in a petri dish and placed in a growth chamber with a temperature of 23.6 ℃, humidity of 74.5%, and a light intensity of 3,431 lux. The results showed that the different types of Begonia showed significant differences in all the parameters tested. B. nelumbifolia required 7.89 ± 0.18 days to germinate and is the fastest time than other types. The highest percentage of seed germination was also obtained by this species, amounting to 63.22%. In addition, B. nelumbifolia showed the best response to the germination rate coefficient, germination rate index, and germination index. This study revealed complete information about the germination of six types of Begonia. In addition, the ability to produced many seeds and the ease of germination made this plant have the potential to be cultivated through seeds. Furthermore, the information can be used as a basis for seed storage as an ex-situ conservation method to maintain genetic diversity.

Download Full-text

Utilization of Aseptic Seedling Explants for In vitro Propagation of Indian Red Wood

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb549188 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 518-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kishore Kumar CHIRUVELLA ◽

Arifullah MOHAMMED ◽

Rama Gopal GHANTA

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Cotyledonary Node ◽

Multiple Shoot ◽

Shoot Tip ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Nodal Segments ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Shoot Differentiation

Micropropagation has been advocated as one of the most viable biotechnological tool for ex situ conservation of rare, endangered endemic medicinal plants germplasm. Rapid clonal micropropagation protocol for large-scale multiplication of an endemic medicinal plant Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) was established from 15-day aseptic seedling cotyledonary node and shoot tip explants. High frequency of sprouting and shoot differentiation was observed from cotyledonary node explants compared to shoot tip, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with BA, KN, 2-iP and CM. Of the cytokinins used, BA (3.0 mgl-1) supported highest average number and maximum multiple shoot differentiation (16.6). In vitro proliferated shoots were multiplied rapidly by culturing nodal segments as microcuttings, further subcultured on the same media for elongation. Elongated shoots upon transfer to MS medium fortified with IBA showed rooting within two weeks of culture. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and 75% of rooted shoots successfully survived on establishment to the soil. Plants looked healthy with no visually detectable phenotypic variations. This protocol provides a successful and rapid technique that can be used for ex situ conservation minimizing the pressure on wild populations and contributes to the conservation of this endemic medicinally potent flora.

Download Full-text

In vivo Rooting, Acclimatization and Ex situ Conservation of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Beles) in Tigray Region of Ethiopia, Africa

International Journal of Plant and Environment ◽

10.18811/ijpen.v5i04.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (04) ◽

pp. 265-269

Author(s):

Shastri Prasad Shukla ◽

Zinabu Hailu ◽

Yemene Kehsay

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Average Height ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Tigray Region

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. commonly known as prickly pear or Beles is a xerophytic, succulent, CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plant introduced in Ethiopia (Africa), particularly to Tigray region between 1848 and 1920. It is known as a multipurpose plant since it can be used as human food (fruits and vegetables), medicine and ornamental plants, fodder, natural wind barrier, soil stabilizer, re-vegetation resource in eroded soils. Stem of this plant has been reported to treat diabetes and useful in the cure of hyperlipidemy (excess of lipids in the blood) and obesity. It is well recognized for their wound healing properties and anticancer effects. Conventionally, it is propagated by seeds but physiological limitations of the seeds, such as; low germination rate, genetic segregation, less guarantee of genetic stability, a long juvenile stage, less availability and low viability, and slow seedling growth rate are major constraints in the multiplication of this species in nature. In the present study we developed an efficient procedure for mass multiplication, acclimatization and ex-situ conservation of this succulent plant in Adigrat region of Ethiopia (Africa). In the present study out of six used in vitro - raised clones, maximum average height of the plantlet (13 cm.) and width (8.5 cm.) were observed in the plantlets (X6 ) and (X5 ) clones at 30.29 and 29.15oC temperatures, respectively on a modified substrate. Here, the effects of temperature and duration were significant in the increment of clones height and width. Thus, the developed efficient acclimatization techniques of this crop will ensure the supply of the in vitro-raised plantlets throughout the year to the consumers in Tigray region of Ethiopia.

Download Full-text

The Cryobiotechnology of Oaks: An Integration of Approaches for the Long-Term Ex Situ Conservation of Quercus Species

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11121281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1281

Author(s):

Daniel Ballesteros ◽

Hugh W. Pritchard

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Keystone Species ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Pollen Storage ◽

Embryonic Axes ◽

Quercus Species

Conventional dry seed storage is unlikely for about one third of all tree species (and nearly half of evergreen rain forest trees) as they probably produce desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. Consequently, international ex situ conservation targets for threatened trees will be difficult to achieve without innovation, especially in cryobiotechnology. We assessed progress in the development of various cryobiotechnology approaches for the preservation of oaks (Quercus), which are keystone species of functioning landscapes, important to the bioeconomy and under increasing threats from the spread of pests and diseases under a changing climate. Various tissues of oaks can be used for banking, from pollen grains to embryo axes. Pollen from five oak species have been shown to be highly desiccation tolerant, making dry pollen storage at low temperatures (including in liquid nitrogen) a valuable technology to support conservation and breeding programs. Somatic embryo (SE) technology and/or shoot tip in vitro technology is available for 39 species, and SE cryopreservation is routinely performed on three commercial species and shoot tips cryopreservation successful in two more species. Seed embryonic axes are the preferred explants for oak ex situ conservation, with tissue survival and regeneration of plants after cryopreservation recorded for 14 and seven species respectively; although differential responses between the shoot and root meristems in the axes are known. Dormant bud preservation seems promising, but is under-researched. Overall, these results indicate the possibility of establishing an integrated platform for the ex situ conservation of oak species based on cryobiotechnology. Challenges of explant choice, optimization of methodologies and large-scale application do remain. However, multiple approaches for the cryopreservation of oak genetic resources are available and implementation programmes should not be delayed, particularly in the centres of species diversity.

Download Full-text