scholarly journals RIVIEW SKEMA ACFTA TERHADAP EKSPOR INDONESIA KE TIONGKOK, HONGKONG DAN ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Made Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
New Trade Theory ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Normal Track

<p>          In addition to the free trade accord of Bali II, Indonesia has also agreed to implement ACFTA with RRChina and Hongkong. Four schemes agreed up on are Early Harvest Program (EHP), Normal Track (NT) Sensitive Track (ST) and Highly Sensitive Track (HST). The  method used in the study is applying  New Trade Theory model, i.e. involving Comparative Advantage determinants, along with regression analysis. The study  focuses on  data on export volume of  1996 up to  2013 on three-monhly basis. The finding of the study is that certain commodities have gained promising export in 2010; steady export growth has been experienced by two commodities numbered as 87 and 27 at the schemes.   The number 26 commodity at the scheme experienced the decline.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>ACFTA schemes, exsport from Indonesia, RR China, Hongkong</p>

Ten Pages that Changed the World: Deconstructing Ricardo∗

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Peet
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Neoliberal Development ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Political Economic

Powerful ideas that shape the world become taken-for-granted verities, in two senses of the term: as the only world that is known; and as the only world that can be imagined. When hegemony controls the imagination, fundamental criticism becomes difficult, and perhaps, impossible. Yet what if there were flaws in the original idea, from which new worlds were constructed, that have materialized in a political-economic geography beset with seemingly unsolvable problems? For example, what if there have always been fundamental flaws in the free trade, open market, competitive, global system that dominates both the world as we know it and the conventional political-economic-geographical thought we know it through? This article speculates that a psycho-discursive act of deconstruction might unravel the entire, subsequent discourse. It aims deconstruction at a founding statement in the free trade, global ideal, by looking critically at David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. Ricardo's argument that specialization and free trade are universally beneficial, became a founding premise of conventional economic theory and a basic prescription of liberal and neoliberal development policy. The article looks critically: at the logical consistency and representational accuracy of Ricardo's theory, especially the claim that all participants benefit from participation in a free trading scheme, so that trade brings about a far better world. The article reaches two main, critical conclusions: free trade theory based in comparative advantage has, from the beginning, been an ideology for creating economic spaces open to domination by powerful, leading countries; economics and economic geography have, since their classical beginnings, been biased in that their founding statements reverse the reality they pretend accurately to represent.

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak ACFTA dan Kebijakan Perdagangan Kakao di Pasar Domestik dan China

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Darmawan Lubis ◽  
Sri Nuryanti
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Early Harvest

Indonesia dan Malaysia bersama dengan negara ASEAN lainnya telah melakukan liberalisasi perdagangan melalui perjanjian ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Liberalisasi tersebut dimulai dengan pelaksanaan Early Harvest Program (EHP) pada tahun 2005. Dengan menggunakan analisis daya saing Revealed Symetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP), dan analisis regresi berganda diketahui bahwa daya saing biji kakao Indonesia di pasar China terhadap Malaysia ternyata tidak meningkat sejak pelaksanaan ACFTA. Daya saing ekspor biji kakao Indonesia di pasar China telah memasuki tahap kematangan. Malaysia telah menghentikan ekspor biji kakao ke China dan menggeser ke produk setengah jadi. Indonesia tidak meraih keuntungan dalam perdagangan bebas ACFTA hanya dengan mengekspor produk primer seperti biji kakao ke China. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus mengekspor produk kakao seperti kakao bubuk, kakao pasta dan lemak kakao untuk memperoleh nilai tambah dan memperbaiki daya saing kakao di pasar China maupun internasional.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Measurement Methods of Comparative Advantage and New Trends in IntraProduct International Specialization

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Lijun Jia ◽  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Yixuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
International Trade Theory ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Measure Methods ◽  
International Specialization ◽  
Original Measure

In the development and the evolution of international trade theory, comparative advantage has always been a core concept. A great deal of research pertains to the calculation methods of comparative advantage. However, most previous research on measurement methods of comparative advantage is mainly based on a country's import/export volume of a specific industry or product. Under the circumstances of contemporary intra-product international specialization, previous measurement methods are not appropriate. It is imperative to improve original measure methods of comparative advantage through stripping overseas contents of exports, and putting forward a new measurement index reflecting the domestic contents of export.

scholarly journals TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ATAS PEMBERLAKUAN ACFTA TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN HORTIKULTURA INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Naufal Nur Mahdi ◽  
Suharno ◽  
Rita Nurmalina
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Creation ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Early Harvest

Abstrak Dampak positif seharusnya diperoleh subsektor hortikultura Indonesia atas implementasi ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Namun demikian, subsektor hortikultura Indonesia belum memberikan kinerja yang berarti ketika impor produk hortikultura meningkat melalui tahapan penurunan tarif ACFTA dalam program The Early Harvest Program (EHP). Studi ini meneliti keragaan impor hortikultura Indonesia dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Studi ini juga menganalisis daya saing produk hortikultura negara ASEAN-5 dengan China serta dampak kreasi perdagangan dan diversi perdagangan atas pemberlakuan ACFTA terhadap impor produk hortikultura Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RSCA (Revealed Symetric Comparative Advantage) dan metode ekonometrik melalui pendekatan model gravitasi dengan data panel dari tahun 2001-2018. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai RSCA, Indonesia tidak berdaya saing pada kedua jenis produk hortikultura tersebut. Model gravitasi juga menunjukkan bahwa negara anggota ACFTA mampu memanfaatkan perjanjian regional ini dengan ditandai tingginya nilai impor hortikultura Indonesia terutama dari China. Ini menandakan bahwa pelaksanaan ACFTA telah menciptakan efek penciptaan perdagangan dengan meningkatkan perdagangan intra-regional antara negara anggota ACFTA, namun tidak menyebabkan pengalihan perdagangan dengan negara non-anggota (perdagangan dengan negara non anggota tidak mengalami penurunan). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan langkah kebijakan peningkatan daya saing melalui perbaikan komponen manajerial dan teknologi seiring terbukanya pasar di kawasan ini bagi UMKM Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Data Panel, Daya Saing, Integrasi Ekonomi, Model Gravitasi, RSCA Abstract The positive impact of the implementation of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) on the indonesia’s horticulture sub-sector should be obtained. However, the Indonesian horticulture sub-sector has not shown significant performance when import of horticultural products has increased through the ACFTA tariff reduction stages in The Early Harvest Programm (EHP). This study examines the performance of Indonesian horticultural imports using descriptive analysis. It also analyzes the competitiveness of horticultural products of ASEAN-5 countries with China as well as the impact of trade creation and trade diversion of the implementation of ACFTA on imports of Indonesian horticultural products. It uses the RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) index and the gravity model using panel data from 2001-2018. It shows that Indonesia is not competitive in both types of horticultural products (RSCA <0). The gravity model also indicates that ACFTA member countries have taken advantage of this regional agreement, marked by the high value of Indonesian horticultural imports, especially from China. This shows that the implementation of the ACFTA has created a trade creation effect by increasing intra-regional trade between ACFTA member countries, but has not led to a diversion of trade with non-member countries (trade with non-member countries has not decreased). Therefore, it is necessary to make policy strategies to increase competitiveness through improvements in managerial and technological components in line with the opening of the market in this region to Indonesian MSMEs. Keywords: Competitiveness, Economic Integration, Gravity Model, Panel Data, RSCA JEL Classification: F15, F17, Q17

scholarly journals Is Free Trade Passé?

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R Krugman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
International Trade Theory ◽  
Export Subsidies ◽  
Good Policy ◽  
Import Restrictions

If there were an Economist's Creed, it would surely contain the affirmations “I understand the Principle of Comparative Advantage” and “I advocate Free Trade.” Yet the case for free trade is currently more in doubt than at any time since the 1817 publication of Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy, and this is due to changes that have recently taken place in the theory of international trade. While new developments in international trade theory may not yet be familiar to the profession at large, they have been substantial and radical. In the last ten years the traditional constant returns, perfect competition models of international trade have been supplemented and to some extent supplanted by a new breed of models that emphasizes increasing returns and imperfect competition. These new models call into doubt the extent to which actual trade can be explained by comparative advantage; they also open the possibility that government intervention in trade via import restrictions, export subsidies, and so on may under some circumstances be in the national interest after all. To preview this paper's conclusion: free trade is not passé, but it is an idea that has irretrievably lost its innocence. Its status has shifted from optimum to reasonable rule of thumb. There is still a case for free trade as a good policy, and as a useful target in the practical world of politics, but it can never again be asserted as the policy that economic theory tells us is always right.

Did Economists Cause Globalization?

Free Traders ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fairbrother
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Business Support

Academic economists are broadly supportive of initiatives for globalization, and their endorsements make a difference politically: they carry the authority of expertise. But this chapter shows, contrary to what many people believe, that agreements like NAFTA are not really based on mainstream economic ideas. Compared to formal neoclassical trade theory, the priorities and worldviews of businesspeople—which are in some respects quite different—are much more politically influential. Economists’ ideas are so marginal in part because they are not politically useful for constructing broad business support for free trade. For that reason, even officials and negotiators who subscribe to neoclassical ideas do not talk about trade in neoclassical ways. Few people understand economists’ neoclassical trade theory, including its core concept of comparative advantage, which does not resonate with the lived experience of businesspeople.

Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-35
Author(s):  
Murali Patibandla
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Strategic Trade ◽  
New Trade Theory ◽  
Trade And Investment

The chapter reviews fundamental theoretical contributions explaining determinants of international trade starting from comparative advantage, neo-technology theories, intra-industry trade, strategic trade policies and ‘New’ New Trade Theory. For developing economies, the Heckscher-Ohlin (H&O) Theory of Comparative Advantage in labour abundance is relevant. However, as countries start growing economically, neo-technology and intra-industry factors become relevant. The book traces the transition of international trade behaviour starting the Pre-reform era of import substitution to the Post-reform era of opening to international trade and investment. The conceptual discussion provides basic underlying theories in understanding international trade and investment behaviour of firms. It shows under what conditions international trade and investment are beneficial to a country. The discussion of the theories helps in formulating hypotheses for empirical testing in the following chapters.

scholarly journals Free Trade in Theory and Policy: Contemporary Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-35
Author(s):  
Daniel Nagel ◽  
Sorin Burnete
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Foreign Competitors

Abstract Free trade denotes a state of international commercial relations premised on governments’ restraint from using policy instruments meant to favor indigenous industries against foreign competitors. According to the conventional trade theory advocated by classical and neo-classical thinkers, free trade makes little economic sense failing nations’ tendency to specialize based on comparative advantage, a concept with high persuasive influence despite the elapsing of time. Even though the comparative advantage rule has seldom been questioned per se, the free trade concept has been fiercely disputed and not infrequently, bashed. Nations’ involvement in international trade often follows patterns that do not fit theoretical models but attempt to respond to circumstantial interests, most often the need to protect poorly competitive industries. In common parlance, free trade has had both proponents and enemies.

scholarly journals Trade Theory in International Economics

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Król
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
International Economics ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
New Trade Theory ◽  
Absolute Advantage ◽  
Compare And Contrast

You will get an overview about the nature of trade theory. Many terms related international trade here will be discussed. Overview of Mercantilism we will discuss here. Theory of absolute advantage will be deeply discussed here. Comparative Advantage related the advantage term here I will describe. In this article the ideas of Heckscher-Olin Theory, new Trade Theory and the theory of Porter’s Diamond will be discussed. By this article, we will be able to clearly understand international trade. WE will be able to compare and contrast different trade theories.

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