scholarly journals Biochemical and Haematological Effect of Kaempferol in Stress Induced By Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infection in Two Weeks Old Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Y ◽  
◽  
Jatau ID ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Dose Dependent

In this study, biochemical and haematological effects of kaempferol in stress induced by experimental Eimeria tenella infection in two weeks old broiler chickens was investigated. Sixty-day old broilers were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broilers each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age broilers in group I served as non-infected control. Broilers in groups II- VI were infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (104/ml) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IV were treated per os with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water. Broilers in group VI served as infected untreated control. Five days post infection; all broilers were sacrificed by severing their jugular veins. Blood sample was collected from each broiler in a plane sample container devoid of anticoagulant so as to harvest serum for serology while Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) bottles were used to collect 1 ml of blood from each bird for haematology. Concentrations of antioxidant (GPx, CAT and SOD) and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were determined. Data obtained was analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. There were statistically significant (P<0.05) reductions in the mean values of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent manner when compared to group VI. Similarly, the mean values of antioxidant (GPx, CAT and SOD) enzymes increased significantly significant (P<0.05) in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent manner when compared to group VI. No significant (P>0.05) difference in the mean values of antioxidants and liver enzymes were recorded between groups II, III and IV and when compared to group V. Mean Packed Cell Volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Red Blood Cell (RBC) count significantly (P<0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, PCV, Hb concentration and RBC count were significantly (P<0.05) increased in groups II, III, and IV when compared with VI. No significant (P>0.05) difference in the mean values of PCV, Hb and RBC were recorded in groups treated with kaempferol and group treated with amprolium. It was observed in this study that kaempferol improved the serum level of antioxidants and liver enzymes as well as and haematological parameters and also reduced the level of pathology in the caecum of broilers infected with Eimeria tenella in this study.

Kaempferol improved growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Muhammad ◽  
I. D. Jatau ◽  
A. M. Umar ◽  
M. A. Chiroma
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sporulated Oocyst ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The study investigated the effects of kaempferol on growth performance in two weeks old broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Sixty, one-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into six groups (I-VI) of ten broiler chicks each and brooded for two weeks with commercial broiler feed (vital feed®) and provided water ad libitum. At two weeks of age, broilers in group 1 were neither infected nor treated. Broilers in groups II- VI were infected 4 with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocyst (10 /mL) via oral inoculation. After infection was established, broilers in groups II-IVwere treated Per os with 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg of kaempferol respectively. Broilers in group V were treated for five days with amprolium, 1.25 g/L in drinking water and those in group VI were administered normal saline, 5 mL/kg per os for five days. The experimental birds were examined daily for feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data obtained were analyzed using pad prism version 5.0. There was a statistically significant (p<00.5) increase in the mean values of WG, FI and FCR in groups II, III and IV in a dose dependent fashion when compared to VI. There was also statistically significant (p<00.5) reduction in the mean values of WG in Group II and III than in Groups IV and V. Mean WG of Groups IV and V did not differ statistically, but there were statistically higher WG in Group V than in group IV. There were consequent high FCR values of 7.3, 5.71, 5.67, 6.19 and 7.08 for groups I, II, III, IV and V respectively compared to 4.9 for Group VI. Thus, the treatment with kaempferol in two weeks old broilers had ameliorated the effects of Eimeria tenella on WG, FI and FCR in this study.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

Prolactin stimulates food intake in a dose-dependent manner

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R276-R280 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gerardo-Gettens ◽  
B. J. Moore ◽  
J. S. Stern ◽  
B. A. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Medium Dose ◽  
Cumulative Food Intake

Lactation in the rat is marked by pronounced hyperphagia and suppression of brown fat (BAT) thermogenic capacity. We previously examined the possibility that elevated prolactin levels mediate these changes. The present study evaluated the effect of varying prolactin levels on food intake, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding, and carcass adiposity. Female rats were injected daily for 10 days with ovine prolactin at one of three doses: high = 3.0, medium = 1.0, or low = 0.3 micrograms/g body wt. Controls were injected with 0.9% NaCl. A group of uninjected rats served as an additional control. Cumulative food intake was significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner in the prolactin-treated animals relative to the saline-injected and uninjected controls. Compared with the saline controls, the mean cumulative food intake was greatest at the high dose (20% increase), intermediate at the medium dose (17%), and smallest at the low dose (12%). Prolactin-treated rats gained significantly more weight during the experiment than did controls. Despite the hyperphagia in the prolactin-treated rats, no significant differences in BAT mitochondrial GDP binding were observed among the five groups. These data indicate that elevated prolactin levels stimulate food intake in a dose-dependent manner and that this hyperphagia is not accompanied by an increase in BAT mitochondrial GDP binding.

Effect of ethyl alcohol on motor function in canine stomach

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. G223-G230
Author(s):  
L. C. Knight ◽  
A. H. Maurer ◽  
R. Wikander ◽  
B. Krevsky ◽  
L. S. Malmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of ethanol on gastric emptying and the trituration of solid food. With the use of a noninvasive physiological imaging technique, gastric processing of a radiolabeled solid meal was evaluated in unanesthetized dogs which ingested 6-8% ethanol solutions or received intravenous alcohol before the meal. Oral alcohol (resulting in blood levels up to 174 mg/dl) decreased the amplitude of antral contractions or completely abolished them. Alcohol did not significantly affect the fundamental frequency of contractions except at high doses, at which contractions were abolished. Alcohol lengthened the mean time to 50% of gastric emptying in a dose-dependent manner, from 132 +/- 3 min without alcohol to 160 +/- 10 min with oral alcohol at blood levels of 80-120 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). This was manifested by a lengthening of the lag phase, but there was no effect on the terminal slope of emptying (emptying rate) of the processed meal. At equal blood levels up to 120 mg/dl, orally administered alcohol had a more pronounced effect than intravenous alcohol. These data suggest that even low doses of dilute alcohol affect the ability of the antrum to process solid food and thereby contribute to impairment of gastric emptying.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni increases the paracellular permeability of broiler chickens in a dose-dependent manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 5407-5414
Author(s):  
Wageha A. Awad ◽  
Daniel Ruhnau ◽  
Claudia Hess, ◽  
Michael Hess
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Paracellular Permeability ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2391-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuse ◽  
Y. Fukuchi ◽  
T. Suruda ◽  
T. Nagase ◽  
Y. Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pulmonary Resistance ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals ANTI-DIABETIC EFFECT OF A NOVEL NANO POLYMER OF THYMOL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
ELAHE KARIMI ◽  
SHAHRYAR ABBASI ◽  
ALI AIDY ◽  
HORI GHANEIALVAR ◽  
SHAHRAM MOHAMMADPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thymol and thymol nano polymer on the blood biochemical parameters and anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The synthesized nano polymer (NP) was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as IR, HNMR and CNMR. Loading and releasing of thymol were investigated by HPLC. Eleven groups of the Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal rats (overall 110 males) were tested through various biochemical factors such as: serum glucose, insulin, liver function-related enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin by ELISA kit methods. Results: It has shown that thymol nano polymer is desirable for transferring drug. The amount of thymol loaded on NP estimated at 43±2.5 %. Then, 65% of the loaded drug was released. LD50 for thymol and thymol nano polymer were 435 and 583 mg/kg, respectively. thymol nano polymer at doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, in a dose-dependent manner, reduced blood glucose, increased insulin levels, and controlled liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: The use of thymol nano polymer appears to be a new aspect concerning to protect diabetes-induced damage in the animal model.

Fentanyl Augments the Blockade of the Sympathetic Response to Incision (MAC-BAR) Produced by Desflurane and Isoflurane 

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Daniel ◽  
Richard B. Weiskopf ◽  
Mariam Noorani ◽  
Edmond I. Eger
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Adrenergic Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Inhaled Anesthetic ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background Heart rate (HR) or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) may increase in response to incision despite the absence of a motor response. The authors hypothesized that the MAC-BAR (minimum alveolar concentration of an anesthetic that blocks adrenergic response to incision) for isoflurane would exceed that for desflurane, and that fentanyl would decrease the MAC-BAR for each anesthetic in a dose-dependent manner. Methods Seventy-one patients were randomly allocated to one of six groups: desflurane or isoflurane without fentanyl or with 1.5 or 3 microg/kg fentanyl given intravenously 5 min before surgical incision. Anesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg propofol given intravenously, and tracheal intubation facilitated with 0.1 mg/kg given intravenously. The first patient in each group received 1 MAC (end-tidal) of the inhaled anesthetic in 60% nitrous oxide (0.55 MAC), balance oxygen, maintained for at least 10 min before incision. The response was considered positive if the HR or MAP increased 15% or more. If the response was positive, the end-tidal concentration given to the next patient was 0.3 MAC greater; if the response was negative, the end-tidal concentration was 0.3 MAC less. The MAC-BAR level was calculated as the mean of four independent cross-over responses in each group. Results Desflurane and isoflurane anesthesia with 60% nitrous oxide did not change HR (P &gt; 0.05) and decreased MAP (P &lt; 0.05) before incision. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations after anesthesia and before incision were normal in all groups. The MAC-BAR level, without fentanyl, did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between desflurane (1.30 +/- 0.34 MAC [mean +/- SD]) and isoflurane (1.30 +/- 0.18 MAC). Fentanyl given at 1.5 microg/kg intravenously equivalently (P &gt; 0.05) reduced the MAC-BAR for desflurane (to 0.40 +/- 0.18 MAC; P &lt; 0.05) and isoflurane (to 0.55 +/- 0.00 MAC; P &lt; 0.05), but a further increase in fentanyl to 3 microg/kg caused no greater decrease in the MAC-BAR for desflurane (0.48 +/- 0.16 MAC) and isoflurane (0.40 +/- 0.30 MAC). Conclusions Clinically attainable doses of desflurane and isoflurane, in 60% nitrous oxide (0.55 MAC), block the cardiovascular response to surgical incision at 1.3 MAC. Fentanyl given at 1.5 microg/kg decreases the MAC-BAR for each agent with no further decrease produced by 3 microg/kg fentanyl.

The effect of sex steroids on the degradation of LRH by hypothalamic homogenates

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Tate ◽  
A. D. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Peptidase Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract. Extract of hypothalami was prepared which contained peptidase capable of degrading LRH. The degradation of LRH by this extract either alone or under the influence of oestrogens, androgens and cholesterol, when added to the extract was measured. Oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol (1 pg to 100 pg) stimulated mean peptidase activity significantly (P< 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner. Testosterone (0.1 ng to 10 ng) also caused a dose-dependent increase in degradation of LRH, the two highest doses used significantly increasing the mean activity (P < 0.001). Only the highest dose of androstenedione (10 ng) or dehydroepiandrosterone (10 ng) caused a significant increase of the mean LRH degradation (P < 0.05). Neither cholesterol nor dihydrotestosterone increased peptidase activity when added to the extract. It is suggested that it is possible that these peptidase enzymes could occupy a role in the negative feedback of steroids on the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance and Certain Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Islam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
SML Kabir ◽  
SM Kamruzzaman ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Key Words Probiotics

The study was carried out to know the effects of probiotics (Protexin® Boost) supplementation on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters of "Shaver Star Bro" broiler chickens during the period from September to October 2003. A total of 20, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned into four equal groups (n = 5) as A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control fed with commercial ration while group B, C and D were fed with commercial ration with the addition of 1 g, 2 g and 3 g probiotics / 10 litres drinking water respectively up to 35 days of age. The results showed that the body weight gains corresponding to the different treatments were differed significantly (p < 0.01) at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks of age. The meat yield characteristics corresponding to the different treatments did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) whereas bursa weight differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the different groups. The mean values of Hb, PCV and ESR corresponding to the different treatments were significantly (p < 0.01) differ. Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, SGPT and SGOT values corresponding to the different treatments were also differed significantly (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that supplementation of probiotics has significant effects on live weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Key words: Probiotics; effects; growth; haemato-biochemical parameters; broiler chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1933 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 39-43

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