scholarly journals Bread production technology modelling using hop starter in ovens of various types

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
V. A. Bukhovets ◽  
T. V. Kirillova ◽  
N. A. Fokina ◽  
I. V. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Binary Variable ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Multicriteria Optimization Problem ◽  
Required Quality

The article studies the processes of structure formation of baked dough pieces using wheat and hop starters and changes in the properties of finished products and semi-finished products depending on the baking methods. A whole complex of physical, chemical and biochemical processes takes place in the dough piece during baking under the influence of heat and moisture, which causes considerable changes in the bread dough. These processes cause changes in the baked dough piece, that cause turning the dough into bread. Duration and intensity of the processes occurring on the surface and in the inner layers of the dough piece during baking depend on the temperature. Therefore, creation of optimal modes of heating the baked dough piece at various stages allows you to get products of the required quality. To simulate the processes of crumb formation, changes in temperature inside the dough piece of baking, and specific volume over time with different methods of dough and baking, regression models were used, that take into account the influence of qualitative factors. Each qualitative factor having two grades was replaced by one binary variable. The solution of a multicriteria optimization problem showed that the studied indicators reach the optimal values when baking in an air-o-steam and preparing a dough using hop starter.

Multiple data parameter identification for nonlinear conceptual models

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Eberl ◽  
Amar Khelil ◽  
Peter Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Marquardt Algorithm ◽  
Multicriteria Optimization Problem ◽  
Higher Order Differential Equations

A numerical method for the identification of parameters of nonlinear higher order differential equations is presented, which is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The estimation of the parameters can be performed by using several reference data sets simultaneously. This leads to a multicriteria optimization problem, which will be treated by using the Pareto optimality concept. In this paper, the emphasis is put on the presentation of the calibration method. As an example identification of the parameters of a nonlinear hydrological transport model for urban runoff is included, but the method can be applied to other problems as well.

Use of Wood Biomass in Slovakia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bakalár ◽  
Henrieta Pavolová ◽  
Milan Búgel ◽  
Ľubica Kozáková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

Biomass is organic material, the second most important source of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source. Wood biomass is used as source of energy for heating in many regions in Slovakia. It is because of its availability. Wood biomass is an easily accessible and affordable source of energy. At present, thermochemical processes, biochemical processes and physical-chemical processes are used for biomass utilization. In the article a suitable technology for combustion of wood chips is proposed. It consists of five main technological parts: transport of wood chips, silo, combustion boiler, and stack.

Network Centric Warfare as Complex Optimization: An Evolutionary Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Zoltán Jobbágy
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Shifting Balance Theory ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Shifting Balance ◽  
Complex Optimization ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Different Characteristics

Military operations are very complex undertakings. However, complexity is not a feature unique to military operations. When biologists wanted to understand the properties of gene mutation they also faced complexity. Confronted by a large number of genes featuring different characteristics, a difficult-to-decode interac- tion among those genes, and an environment that could not be excluded as a factor, Sewell Wright introduced the shifting balance theory, also known as the theory of the fitness landscape. The theory allows complexity to be seen as a process that rests on adaptation and mutation. These two processes are also central to military operations as it is imperative to offset the changing conditions coming both from the environment and the interaction with the enemy. In the article the author uses Wright’s theory to help see military operations as a complex optimization problem that includes approximations and estimations regarding optimal values.

Game Theory as a Design Tool

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Multicriteria Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Scalar Optimization ◽  
Optimization Task ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Team Design ◽  
Multicriteria Optimization Problem

Game theory encompasses not only the familiar concept of scalar optimization, but the less known concepts of multicriteria optimization and multiple optimizers as well. This paper examines the role of game theory in the engineering design process. This is done by demonstrating how game theory as a design tool applies beyond scalar optimization to the multicriteria optimization problem. The multicriteria optimization task is examined not only from the perspective of a single designer but from the perspective of team design as well. In the latter case the design problem has been assigned to several designers each responsible for one aspect of the total design.

scholarly journals Effect of Some Physical-Chemical Variables in the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by the Precipitation Route

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. García ◽  
C. Paucar ◽  
J. Gaviria ◽  
Alicia Durán
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Ageing Time ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Temperature Time

The synthetic hydroxyapatite is a very useful material for numerous applications in medicine as a biomaterial. One of the most economic manufacturing process is the precipitation route. In the present work, synthetic hydroxyapatite was prepared using the precipitation route, starting with aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3).4H2O ) and ammonium phosphate (H2(PO4)NH4). The effects of physical-chemical variables such as pH, temperature, time of agitation, ageing time and heat treatment of the mixture were evaluated. The characterization of the samples obtained in different conditions made possible to conclude about the optimal values of the studied variables for the synthesis of this material in laboratory conditions.

Optimal Decentralized Supplementary Inverter Control Loop to Mitigate Instability in an Islanded Microgrid with Active and Passive Loads

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. S. N. Raju ◽  
Trapti Jain
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
And Control

Abstract: The growing penetration levels of passive and rectifier interfaced active loads can cause instability in an islanded inverter based microgrid. This may be due to the dynamics associated with passive loads and interaction between the control loops of active loads and inverter-interfaced DGs. This paper proposes a decentralized supplementary control loop around each inverter-interfaced distributed generation (DG) unit to mitigate the instability caused by both the active as well as passive loads. The proposed control loop is based on a robust linear quadratic regulator with prescribed degree-of-stability (LQRPDS). In order to obtain the optimal values of the state and control weighting matrices of LQRPDS, a bi-objective optimization problem has been formulated and solved using a fast and elitist multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The proposed decentralized supplementary control loop does not interfere with the steady state performance and provides robust control performance under various load configurations as well as step load disturbances. Eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations have been used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized supplementary control loop.

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