scholarly journals Estimation of the efficiency of the «soy – winter wheat» crop rotation link and its influence on soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
K. Kh. Khatkov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov ◽  
A. A. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

Crop rotation is a systematic solution to one of the main tasks of agricultural production: rational land management, taking into account their possible effective fertility, biological potential of cultivated plants and available external and internal resources (heat, climate, fertilizers, agricultural machinery and agrochemicals) in order to maintain the most economically efficient management, which is possible with consistently high yields, with consistent reproduction of soil fertility and protection of the external environment. And as a consequence, crop rotation in this case acts as the basis of modern zonal adaptive landscape farming systems. It defines most other systems: soil cultivation and protection from erosion processes, fertilization and plant protection systems, seed production and variety change, irrigation and drainage of lands, technical systems, labor organization, etc. crop rotation «soybean-winter wheat» on merged leached chernozems and its effect on soil properties in the southern foothill zone of the Western Ciscaucasia. As a result of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the productivity of the «soybean-winter wheat» link in the crop rotation has been carried out and its positive effect on agrophysical and agrochemical properties of merged chernozems determined. It has been established that in order to obtain high-quality soybean seeds of the Mentor variety with the corresponding qualities of «the winter wheat» predecessor in the foothill zone of Adygea, it is necessary to use early sevarian conditions at a seeding rate of 0,6 million pieces/ha and a row spacing of 15 and 30 cm. To acieve a high level of production profitability, winter wheat of the Alekseich variety should be placed according to the «soybeans» predecessor against the background of surface tillage (10–12 cm). At the same time, it is proposed to apply mineral fertilizers at a rate of 200 kg/ha in the form of sulfoammophos N20P20S8, with obligatory double spring feeding of 150 kg/ha with ammonium nitrate N51+N51.

scholarly journals Productivity of grain crop rotations in the landscape conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
A. I. Khripunov ◽  
E. N. Obshchiya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

Increasing the yield of the most profitable field crops and their placement in crop rotations is an urgent problem of agriculture. The purpose of the studies is to study the productivity of grain crop rotations with various saturation of winter wheat on various power backgrounds and landscape taxons in the zone of unstable moisturizing of the Stavropol Territory. Productivity of grain crop rotations depends on the developing weather conditions, the introduction of mineral fertilizers, saturation of crop rotations with winter wheat and location in the relief. The maximum yield of grain units was observed in crop rotations with winter crops. In crop rotation with a spring barley, they were collected by 3.5–4.2 с less. The use of fertilizers increased the collection of grain units on average by 4.9–6.1 c/ha. On the outskirts of the placard (A1) due to lower soil fertility the minimum collection of grain units was obtained (20.2 с). On average (A2) and lower (A3) slopes their fee increased by 11.7 c, or 57.9%, and by 14.5 c, or 71.8%. In the first crop rotation with 60% saturation of winter wheat the maximum yield of the grain of this culture was obtained. In the second and third crop rotation with 40% grain saturation wasassembled by 6.2–6.3 c less. Putting fertilizers in a dose of N40P40K40 increased the grain collection in the first crop rotation by 4.1, in the second — by 2.2 and in the third — by2.4 c, and according to taxons: on A1 — by1.4,on A2 — by3.6 and onA3 — by 3.8 c. According to the landscape taxons, the release of grain of winter wheat differed at 7.9–10.2 c with the maximum value on the lower slope. Upon the exit of the grain and feed units on all power backgrounds, 1st and 3rd crop turns were leading, and in the exit of the grain of winter wheat — crop rotation with 3 fields of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers and seed sowing rates on productive tillering, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bzheumichov ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila Shekikhacheva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Grain Productivity

The results of a study on the formation of productive tillering, yield and grain quality of winter wheat in the steppe zone of the KBR is presented. It is shown that only further improvement of the methods of cultivation of the best varieties will allow to realize the biological potential of the grain productivity of this crop more fully. The most effective technologies for the cultivation of winter wheat in field crop rotation, aimed at preserving soil fertility and obtaining stable grain yields with minimal labor and resources, have been determined. Keywords: TECHNOLOGY, CULTIVATION, WINTER WHEAT, FERTILIZER, YIELD

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF PERENNIAL LEGUMES AS PRECURSORS OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Serhii Razanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Intensive Farming

The aim of the research was to study the effect of the inclusion of different types of perennial leguminous plants as winter wheat precursors in the crop rotation on the rate of accumulation of heavy metals in the soil compared to traditional winter wheat predecessors. The objectives of the research are to develop measures to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils under conditions of modern crop rotation, limited by the number of crops grown and winter wheat. The accumulations of heavy metals in soils were calculated during the cultivation of the main crops of crop rotation with intensive fertilizer. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was determined before and after the cultivation of legume precursors. Field studies were carried out during 2013-2017. On gray podzolized medium loamy soils of the Agronomichesky Research Institute of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. We calculated the volumes of heavy metals with optimal rates of mineral fertilizer application for the most common types of crops grown in crop rotation. Four types of perennial grasses were sown: sowing alfalfa, meadow clover, horned lamb, sainfoin and eastern goatskin. After their four years of use, winter wheat was sown. The control was the predecessors in the following sequence: winter wheat - sunflower - winter wheat - corn. Laboratory studies of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil were carried out in the Vinnytsia branch of the State Center for the Protection of Soil Fertility. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals during fertilization of major cereals showed that the amount of mineral fertilizers is from 257 kg/ha to 571 kg/ha for ammonium nitrate, from 175 to 225 kg/ha for double superphosphate and from 58 to 75 kg/ha on potassium chloride. According to the volume of mineral fertilizers used in the cultivation of winter wheat, 1944 mg / ha of lead and 339 mg / ha of cadmium enter the soil. Of these, with ammonium nitrate - 51.4% and 7.4%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41.3% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.3%. When growing corn per 1 ha with mineral fertilizers, 2357 mg of lead and 434 mg of cadmium are applied, of which with ammonium nitrate - 48.4% and 6.7%, respectively, with double superphosphate - 42% and 41% and with potassium chloride. - 9.6% and 51.8%. Cultivation of spring barley leads to the receipt of mineral fertilizers to soils 1458 mg/ha of lead and 327 mg/ha of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 35.2% and 4.0%, with double superphosphate - 52.8% and 42.8% and with potassium chloride - 12.0% and 53.2%. Mineral fertilization of winter rape leads to the entry into the soil per 1 ha of 2223 mg of lead and 390 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 51.4% and 7.4%, with double superphosphate - 39.6% and 41% and with potassium chloride - 9.0% and 51.5%. With mineral fertilizers for growing sunflower in the soil per 1 ha gets 2073 mg of lead and 427 mg of cadmium, of which with ammonium nitrate - respectively 41.4% and 5.2%, double superphosphate - 47.8% and 42.2 % and potassium chloride - 10.8% and 52.6%. The positive effect of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and grain of winter wheat has been established. Under the conditions of intensive farming by Vinnitskaya, lead and cadmium fall into the soil for the use of mineral fertilizers in accordance with 1944 mg/ha and 339 mg/ha for growing winter wheat, 2357 mg/ha and 434 mg/ha for growing corn, 1458 mg/ha and 327 mg/ha when growing spring barley, 2223 mg/ha and 390 mg/ha when growing sunflower. The four-year cultivation of perennial leguminous grasses under intensive farming reduced the concentration of lead in the soil from 1.33 to 3.2 times and cadmium from 37 to 54 times compared with cereal crops, which contributed to improving the quality of winter wheat grain by reducing the concentration of lead from 1 7 to 2.4 times and cadmium from 1.4 times to 2.1 times. Key words: legumes, precursors, winter wheat, heavy metals, pollution.

AGROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION OF PODZOLIZED CHERNOZEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Andrey Ilinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Crop Variety

The paper presents the results of lysimetric experiment on podzolized Chernozem to study productivity during rehabilitation measures. It was experimentally established that the maximum productivity in the crop rotation link was achieved on the variant of the experiment using the organomineral fertilizer system: the increase in control was 110 %. Testing was carried out in LLC "Agrofirma MTS Niva-Ryazan" on an area of 30 hectares, the soilleached Chernozem, winter wheat crop variety "Zarya", the increase in yield was 31%.

EFFECT OF MUNGBEAN REPEATED CULTURE ON COTTON VEGETABLES UNDER CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN ZONE OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
L.A. Mirzaev ◽  
N.M. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
The Republic

Investigations carried out under conditions of meadow alluvial soils in the southern zone of the Republic of Karakalpakstan have determined the effectiveness of various norms of mineral fertilizers (N160P100K75; N200P140K100 and N240P170K125 kg / ha) applied to cotton grown in the following year after winter wheat and as a secondary crop of mung beet against mineral fertilizers (N30P80K60 kg/ha). When cotton was grown in the following year after winter wheat and the second crop of mung beans, the highest yield of raw cotton was obtained, which was 3.4 t/ha against the background of mineral nutrition N200P140K100 kg / ha. As a result of research, in the system of crop rotation, winter wheat-recurrent cotton culture is scientifically grounded in the effectiveness of the agro technical method of locating the mung beans culture before sowing cotton.

scholarly journals Effect of leguminous crop and fertilization on soil organic carbon in 30-years field experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pikuła ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

The paper presents the results of over 30-years of field experiment on soil organic carbon accumulation under different crop rotation, manure and mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted with two crop rotations: A – recognized as soil exhausting from humus (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley and corn) and B enriching soil with humus (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley, and clover with grass mixture). In each crop rotation, five rates of manure – 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t/ha and four rates of mineral fertilizers N1, N2, N3 and N4 were applied. At the beginning of the experiment in 1979, the initial organic carbon content amounted to 0.74%, and after 33 years dropped to 0.61% in crop rotation without legumes. On the contrary, in crop rotation with clover – grass mixture, the tendency to stabilization of organic carbon quantity in soil was observed with the highest value 0.79% and the lowest one 0.72%. It was found that crop rotation enriching soil with humus produced organic matter ever more than those depleting the soil with humus, regardless of the manure fertilization. Mineral fertilization has modified soil organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of formation the grain productivity of spring barley depending on terms and norms of foliar fertilization.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
A. D. Gyrka ◽  
I. D. Tkalich ◽  
Yu. Ya. Sydorenko ◽  
O. V. Bochevar
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Yield Structure

One of the ways to improve the nutritional conditions of plants and therefore increase the productivity of agrocenoses of spring cereals, is the use of mineral fertilizers, both in their main application and in the spring fertilization of vegetative plants. And that is why the purpose of study was to improve agro-technical measures for growing spring barley, which would be based on the use of biological potential of the crop and the use of resource-saving technologies in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted at the Erastivka Experimental Station of SI Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS during 2017–2019, according to generally known methods. Soil of experimental field – ordinary chernozem, low-humic, loamy. The humus content in arable soil layer (0–30 cm) – 4,0–4,5 %, total nitro-gen – 0,23–0,26 %, phosphorus – 0,11–0,16 %, potassium – 2,0–2,5 %, pH of water extract – 6,5–7,0. Field experiments were laid in six-field crop rotation after predecessor winter wheat. In experi-ments seeded spring barley of variety Stalker with seeding rate 4,5 million of grains/ha. Soil prepara-tion, sowing, care of crops and harvesting were carried out strictly according to the zonal recommendations. Variants in a field experiment designed systematically, with three replications. Accounting plots area – 25 m2. Arid conditions of Ukraine’s Steppe zone is quite complex. Two-thirds of land in Ukraine referred to zone of risky agriculture, but even here you can use 30–50 % and more of varieties capacity, in consideration of importance the local gene pool in creating highly adapted varieties based on local varieties and using the developed agrotechnical growing measures, that promotes plants to be resistant to dry conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine. Weather conditions during the investigation were different, which made it possible to fully assess its impact on grain productivity potential of spring small cereals. Phenological observations, analysis of yield structure elements and grain productivity of spring barley of variety Stalker when grown without fertilizers and fertilizing with N30P30K30 as well as the use of different terms and doses of foliar fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humic preparation humisol plus in conditions of Steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. It was found that the growth, development and formation of productivity elements of spring barley plants were significantly influenced by the timing and dosing of fertilization. Earlier fertilization of plants with ammonium nitrate and humisol plus, carried out on seedlings and in the tillering phase, contributed to better plant growth and development, formation of productive tillering and yield structure elements, compared with fertilization in the phase of stem elongation as in the variant of fertilized background (N30P30K30), as in the variant without the using of mineral fertilizers. Key words: spring barley, mineral fertilizers, foliar fertilization of plants, elements of head structure, grain yield.

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