Development and validation of a psychometric scale to assess attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xaher Gul ◽  
Junaid-ur-Rehman Siddiqui ◽  
Miraal Mavalvala ◽  
Waqas Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ishaque
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Psychometric Tool ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract Despite severe health and economic consequences that women face because of the negative attitude of healthcare providers towards safe abortion and post-abortion care (SA/PAC), no psychometric tool has yet been validated for assessing the attitude towards SA/PAC. Only a handful of studies have attempted to assess healthcare providers’ attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a psychometric scale to assess attitude towards safe abortions in Pakistan. The study collected data from 106 workers of an NGO that provides SA/PAC through an online and anonymous survey using the organisation’s network. The study used factor analytic techniques and structural equation modelling to validate the factor structure and a final hierarchical model. A final scale of seven items relating to attitude towards elective abortions and moral attitude towards safe abortions was validated. Continuous...    

scholarly journals Cost of abortions in Zambia: A comparison of safe abortion and post abortion care

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Parmar ◽  
Tiziana Leone ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Susan Fairley Murray ◽  
Eleanor Hukin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion

Development and Validation of Teacher Curriculum Paradigm Instrument

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liew Yon Foi ◽  
Kamariah Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Sahandri Gani Hamzah ◽  
Nor Hayati Alwi
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Instrument Development ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Systematic Data Collection

This is the first psychological based instrument which has been developed and validated to measure the latent variable teacher curriculum paradigm (TCP) that was derived from Kuhn’s (1970) epistemology of paradigm and further adapted to the ideas of Henderson and Gornik (2007), Schubert (1986), Tanner and Tanner (2007), Tuthill and Ashton (1983), and Zeichner’s (1983) paradigms for the curriculum development field. The TCP instrument followed the rigorous research design and methodology to serve as the vital procedures of attaining the internal validity for the developed instrument. Subsequently, the TCP instrument was content validated by three subject experts and gone through three phases of instrument testing with three independent samples (N1=34, N2=72, and N3=553, respectively) taken from the same population of in-service teachers in the Peninsular of Malaysia. Moreover, the SEM approach was utilized to further validate the construct validity of the scores for the TCP instrument. In light of the systematic data collection and robustness of the SEM confirmatory procedures, the attaining of a very high psychometric properties to the TCP instrument. Coherently, these findings had strongly supported that the TCP instrument is a reliable and valid tool for measuring TCP of in-service teachers in Peninsular of Malaysia.   Keywords - instrument development, instrument validation, teacher curriculum paradigm, structural equation modelling, construct validity

scholarly journals Conspiracy Beliefs and Acceptance of COVID-Vaccine: An Exploratory Study in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Monica Pivetti ◽  
Giannino Melotti ◽  
Mariana Bonomo ◽  
Eemeli Hakoköngäs
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

The availability of vaccines does not mean that people will be willing to get vaccinated. For example, different conspiracy beliefs on the adverse effects of vaccines may lead people to avoid collective health measures. This paper explores the role played by antecedents of COVID-related conspiracy beliefs, such as the role of political ideology and the endorsement of moral purity values, and the consequences of COVID-related conspiracy beliefs in terms of the acceptance of a COVID vaccine (when available) via structural equation modelling (SEM). A sample of 590 Italian participants filled in a questionnaire implemented using the Qualtrics.com platform, during the first Italian lockdown in April–May 2020. Results showed that endorsing purity values predicted stronger negative attitude towards COVID-vaccines. Moreover, conspiracy beliefs negatively predicted general attitudes toward vaccines. Faith in science negatively predicted general and COVID-related conspiracy beliefs, with those believing more in science also less endorsing general and COVID-related conspiracy beliefs. The attitudes towards the vaccines mediated the relationship between COVID-related conspiracy beliefs and attitudes towards COVID vaccine.

scholarly journals The infrastructural capacity of Ghanaian health facilities to provide safe abortion and post-abortion care: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onikepe Owolabi ◽  
Taylor Riley ◽  
Easmon Otupiri ◽  
Chelsea B. Polis ◽  
Roderick Larsen-Reindorf
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Signal Functions ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Comprehensive Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion

Abstract Background Ghana is one of few countries in sub-Saharan Africa with relatively liberal abortion laws, but little is known about the availability and quality of abortion services nationally. The aim of this study was to describe the availability and capacity of health facilities to deliver essential PAC and SAC services in Ghana. Methods We utilized data from a nationally representative survey of Ghanaian health facilities capable of providing post-abortion care (PAC) and/or safe abortion care (SAC) (n = 539). We included 326 facilities that reported providing PAC (57%) or SAC (19%) in the preceding year. We utilized a signal functions approach to evaluate the infrastructural capacity of facilities to provide high quality basic and comprehensive care. We conducted descriptive analysis to estimate the proportion of primary and referral facilities with capacity to provide SAC and PAC and the proportion of SAC and PAC that took place in facilities with greater capacity, and fractional regression to explore factors associated with higher structural capacity for provision. Results Less than 20% of PAC and/or SAC providing facilities met all signal function criteria for basic or comprehensive PAC or for comprehensive SAC. Higher PAC caseloads and staff trained in vacuum aspiration was associated with higher capacity to provide PAC in primary and referral facilities, and private/faith-based ownership and rural location was associated with higher capacity to provide PAC in referral facilities. Primary facilities with a rural location were associated with lower basic SAC capacity. Discussion Overall very few public facilities have the infrastructural capacity to deliver all the signal functions for comprehensive abortion care in Ghana. There is potential to scale-up the delivery of safe abortion care by facilitating service provision all health facilities currently providing postabortion care. Conclusions SAC provision is much lower than PAC provision overall, yet there are persistent gaps in capacity to deliver basic PAC at primary facilities. These results highlight a need for the Ghana Ministry of Health to improve the infrastructural capability of health facilities to provide comprehensive abortion care.

scholarly journals The latent and item structure of COVID-19 fear: A comparison of four COVID-19 fear questionnaires using SEM and network analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Mertens ◽  
Stefanie Duijndam ◽  
Tom Smeets ◽  
Paul Lodder
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Health Related

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several reports have shown that fear relating to COVID-19 has sharply increased. To measure fear of COVID-19, various questionnaires have been developed in parallel. However, fear concerning COVID-19 is not necessarily a uniform construct and the different questionnaires may cover diverse aspects. To examine the underlying structure of fear of COVID-19, we conducted structural equation modelling and network analyses on four different scales in a large online sample (N = 829). Particularly, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (Ahorsu et al., 2020), the Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire (Mertens et al., 2020), and the COVID Stress Scales (Taylor et al., 2020) were included in our study, along with a new scale that also assessed socio-economic worries relating to COVID-19. We found that fear of COVID-19 was best classified into four different clusters: Fear of health-related consequences, fear of supplies shortages and xenophobia, fear about socio-economic consequences, and symptoms of fear (e.g., compulsions, nightmares). Generally worded items (e.g., “I worry about COVID-19”) had the highest centrality in the network analyses. These results help to characterize fear due to COVID-19 and inform future research.

scholarly journals MEN'S ATTITUDES ABOUT ABORTION IN UGANDA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN M. MOORE ◽  
GABRIEL JAGWE-WADDA ◽  
AKINRINOLA BANKOLE
Keyword(s):  
Care Seeking ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Abortion Complications ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
Depth Interviews

SummaryAbortion is illegal in Uganda except to save the life of the woman. Nevertheless, the practice is quite common: about 300,000 induced abortions occur annually among Ugandan women aged 15–49 (Singh et al., 2005) and a large proportion of these women require treatment for post-abortion complications. In the male-dominant culture of Uganda, where men control most of the financial resources, men play a critical part in determining whether women receive a safe abortion, or appropriate treatment if they experience abortion complications. This study examines men's roles in determining women's access to a safer abortion and post-abortion care. It draws on in-depth interviews carried out in 2003 with 61 women aged 18–60 and 21 men aged 20–50 from Kampala and Mbarara, Uganda. Respondents' descriptions of men's involvement in women's abortion care agreed that men's stated attitudes about abortion often prevented women from involving them in either the abortion or post-abortion care. Most men believe that if a woman is having an abortion, it must be because she is pregnant with another man's child, although this does not correspond with women's reasons for having an abortion – a critical disjuncture revealed by the data between men's perceptions of, and women's realities regarding, reasons for seeking an abortion. If the woman does experience post-abortion complications, the prevailing attitude among men in the sample was that they cannot support a woman in such a situation seeking care because if it had been his child, she would not have had a covert abortion. Since money is critical to accessing appropriate care, without men's support, women seeking an abortion may not be able to access safer abortion options and if they experience complications, they may delay care-seeking or may not obtain care at all. Barriers to involving men in abortion decision-making endanger women's health and possibly their lives.

scholarly journals Abortion Service Provision in South Asia: A Comparative Study of Four Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheela Singh ◽  
Aparna Sundaram ◽  
Altaf Hossain ◽  
Mahesh Puri ◽  
Zeba Sathar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Post Abortion Care ◽  
Post Abortion

Abstract Background Safe abortion services are essential if women are to fulfill their right to have the number of children they want, when they want them. This paper examines the provision of abortion and menstrual regulation (MR) services in four South Asian countries that have many commonalities in sexual and reproductive outcomes and in barriers to accessing needed services, despite variation in their abortion laws —Nepal, India (six states), Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Methods Using representative health facility surveys, we assess availability of legal abortion/MR services —relevant in three of the countries—and post-abortion care, relevant for all four countries. We examine the role of the public sector in providing these services and the proportion of facilities located in rural areas, as indicators of service accessibility for poor and rural women. We assess quality of abortion care through selected indicators: provision of WHO-recommended methods, vacuum aspiration (VA) and medication abortion (MA); use of outdated, invasive methods such as dilatation and curettage (D&C); and the proportion of facilities turning away women seeking services. Results Results show that in India and Nepal the majority of public sector facilities do not provide induced abortion services, and in India and Pakistan, the majority of facilities providing any abortion services are private sector. Further, although all four countries are mostly rural, the majority of facilities providing abortion services are located in urban areas. While facilities that provide abortion services already commonly provide MA in Nepal and India and increasingly offer MRM (MR with medication) in Bangladesh, D&C is over-used in all four countries for PAC and in India for induced abortions as well. Conclusion There is an urgent need to expand and improve provision of abortion and post-abortion care to reduce abortion-related morbidity and mortality and to fulfill the rights of all women to quality sexual and reproductive health care.

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