scholarly journals Decarbonization for Oil and Gas Value Chain: An Update Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Combustion Systems

Apart from oil and natural gas conventional reservoirs scarcities, global warming is one of the environmental petroleum industry challenges in the short-medium-long term. This is related to the dramatic growth of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in which carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the combustion of fossil fuels plays a significant role in atmosphere carbonization. Different technologies or systems for capturing CO2 are available such as pre-combustion systems, post-combustion systems, oxy-fuel combustion systems and capture from industrial process streams. However, decarbonization involves the removal of greenhouse gases emissions and storing them in geological formation or using them for other sectors of industries including oil production optimization. This process is known as carbon dioxide capture usage and storage (CCUS), a promising method to reduce CO2 emissions due to increasing energy demand and continued dependency on fossil fuel in the next decades while green energy is still under investigation or is not a mature option yet. Besides the CCUS method, emission reduction can also be achieved by improving energy efficiency or shifting to green energy. Therefore, Oil and gas (O&G) producers need to continue investigating the CCUS as an option that allows using fossil energy sources while the world is moving to transition to other green energies.  

GREENHOUSE GAS ISSUES—ONE FOR THE AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE?

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
J.H. Murray ◽  
E.A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Tax Relief

In the 21st century we are constantly bombarded with issues on the need to do more to protect the environment and deal with greenhouse gas issues. The petroleum industry world-wide has come under fire for the emissions produced as a by-product of the petroleum refining industry and all primary producers and refiners must develop strategies to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. While it is probably fair to say Australia’s appetite for production and consumption of natural gas or LNG is much more environmentally friendly than the days of fossil fuel sources such as coal, there is still a long way to go to minimise emissions in the industry.Global oil and gas companies operating in Australia are leading the way to develop ways to reduce greenhouse emissions. Two examples are Gorgon joint venture plans for carbon dioxide sequestration for its gas development project and perhaps BHP Billiton’s comments that it sees potential for similar sequestration into coal seams onshore Australia in Queensland, South Australia or New South Wales.The costs of projects to re-use or re-inject or sequestrate greenhouse gases are likely to be significant. But are these operating costs of the taxpaying entities in question and would they qualify for tax relief for income tax or petroleum resource rent tax purposes? This paper looks at some of the projects now underway in Australia to reduce greenhouse emissions in the petroleum sector and assesses whether the type of costs likely to be incurred in such projects might qualify for tax relief under existing legislation.

scholarly journals A Study of Gas Diffusion Characteristics on Nano-Structured Ceramic Membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Ogunlude ◽  
Ofasa Abunumah ◽  
Edward Gobina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions

The use of membranes for gas upgrading has increasingly become of interest as it has shown great potential for efficient and affective gas purification and a pathway to green energy. The emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has detrimental effects on the economy in terms of global warming which has led to many natural disasters, heat waves, food shortage, loss of life and property. To combat this, studies of capturing and utilizing greenhouse gases are ongoing. In this paper, the study of biogas components (methane and carbon dioxide) diffusion through membranes are studied to employ its use as a solution for the challenge. The study involved the use of membranes of different pore sizes (15, 200 and 6000nm) to ascertain the flow characteristics and regime of the gases under different operating conditions. Single gas permeation tests were conducted, and the results show the flow of gases is dependent on factors including molecular weight, kinematic diameter and viscosity of the gas components. It was observed that pressure has a greater influence on the gas flow through membranes compared to temperature with the effect of pore size having the greatest impact. The flux of methane through the membrane is greater than that of carbon dioxide in regular pore geometry and depicts a greater potential for upgrading of biogas.

scholarly journals Zero Waste: An Innovation for Less Polluting Emission Processes, Resource Management Practices and Policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C.H. Ekanem ◽  
H.E. Ekanem ◽  
F.D. Eyenaka ◽  
E.A. Isaiah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Government

The rising levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere have the potential to cause changes in our climate. Some of these emission increases can be traced directly to solid waste. Landfills are among the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and methane, the key GHGs. Thus, effective mitigation of these emissions through formalization of waste reduction into the waste management system to reduce land filling could provide environmental benefits of reducing the adverse impacts of climate change. This paper therefore proposes waste prevention and recycling-jointly referred to as waste reduction as better and most potent strategies for the management of solid waste and for reducing greenhouse gases and calls on both the government and private agencies to check or control the increasing pollution or abuse of the environment by enforcing compliance with the laid out Policies, Pronouncements, Regulations and enacted Legislation especially in the developing countries. The study concludes that by choosing to prevent waste and recycle, less waste will be generated, the need for landfill will be minimal, energy demand will decrease, fewer fossil fuels will be burned and less methane and carbon dioxide will be emitted to the atmosphere which helps to curb climate change.

scholarly journals Cyclic Subcritical Water Injection into Bazhenov Oil Shale: Geochemical and Petrophysical Properties Evolution Due to Hydrothermal Exposure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4570
Author(s):  
Aman Turakhanov ◽  
Albina Tsyshkova ◽  
Elena Mukhina ◽  
Evgeny Popov ◽  
Darya Kalacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Geochemical Parameters

In situ shale or kerogen oil production is a promising approach to developing vast oil shale resources and increasing world energy demand. In this study, cyclic subcritical water injection in oil shale was investigated in laboratory conditions as a method for in situ oil shale retorting. Fifteen non-extracted oil shale samples from Bazhenov Formation in Russia (98 °C and 23.5 MPa reservoir conditions) were hydrothermally treated at 350 °C and in a 25 MPa semi-open system during 50 h in the cyclic regime. The influence of the artificial maturation on geochemical parameters, elastic and microstructural properties was studied. Rock-Eval pyrolysis of non-extracted and extracted oil shale samples before and after hydrothermal exposure and SARA analysis were employed to analyze bitumen and kerogen transformation to mobile hydrocarbons and immobile char. X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) was performed to characterize the microstructural properties of pore space. The results demonstrated significant porosity, specific pore surface area increase, and the appearance of microfractures in organic-rich layers. Acoustic measurements were carried out to estimate the alteration of elastic properties due to hydrothermal treatment. Both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio decreased due to kerogen transformation to heavy oil and bitumen, which remain trapped before further oil and gas generation, and expulsion occurs. Ultimately, a developed kinetic model was applied to match kerogen and bitumen transformation with liquid and gas hydrocarbons production. The nonlinear least-squares optimization problem was solved during the integration of the system of differential equations to match produced hydrocarbons with pyrolysis derived kerogen and bitumen decomposition.

Ghana's petroleum industry: expectations, frustrations and anger in coastal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-424
Author(s):  
Jesse Salah Ovadia ◽  
Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno ◽  
James Van Alstine
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTWith much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development priorities, communities are growing angrier at their loss of livelihoods, increased social ills and dispossession from land and ocean. Assuming that others must be benefiting from the petroleum resources being extracted near their communities, there is growing frustration. High expectations, real and perceived grievances, and increasing social fragmentation threaten to lead to conflict and underdevelopment.

scholarly journals Sustainable healthcare – Time for ‘Green Podiatry’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Margaret Evans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Foot Health

Abstract Background Healthcare aims to promote good health and yet demonstrably contributes to climate change, which is purported to be ‘the biggest global health threat of the 21st century’. This is happening now, with healthcare as an industry representing 4.4% of global carbon dioxide emissions. Main body Climate change promotes health deficits from many angles; however, primarily it is the use of fossil fuels which increases atmospheric carbon dioxide (also nitrous oxide, and methane). These greenhouse gases prevent the earth from cooling, resulting in the higher temperatures and rising sea levels, which then cause ‘wild weather’ patterns, including floods, storms, and droughts. Particular vulnerability is afforded to those already health compromised (older people, pregnant women, children, wider health co-morbidities) as well as populations closer to equatorial zones, which encompasses many low-and-middle-income-countries. The paradox here, is that poorer nations by spending less on healthcare, have lower carbon emissions from health-related activity, and yet will suffer most from global warming effects, with scant resources to off-set the increasing health care needs. Global recognition has forged the Paris agreement, the United Nations sustainable developments goals, and the World Health Organisation climate change action plan. It is agreed that most healthcare impact comes from consumption of energy and resources, and the production of greenhouse gases into the environment. Many professional associations of medicine and allied health professionals are advocating for their members to lead on environmental sustainability; the Australian Podiatry Association is incorporating climate change into its strategic direction. Conclusion Podiatrists, as allied health professionals, have wide community engagement, and hence, can model positive environmental practices, which may be effective in changing wider community behaviours, as occurred last century when doctors stopped smoking. As foot health consumers, our patients are increasingly likely to expect more sustainable practices and products, including ‘green footwear’ options. Green Podiatry, as a part of sustainable healthcare, directs us to be responsible energy and product consumers, and reduce our workplace emissions.

Well Placement Technique and Production Optimization for Mature Field - A Case Study of L-X Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Patrick Nwafor ◽  
Kelani Bello
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Direct Optimization ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
Local Optimal Solution

A Well placement is a well-known technique in the oil and gas industry for production optimization and are generally classified into local and global methods. The use of simulation software often deployed under the direct optimization technique called global method. The production optimization of L-X field which is at primary recovery stage having five producing wells was the focus of this work. The attempt was to optimize L-X field using a well placement technique.The local methods are generally very efficient and require only a few forward simulations but can get stuck in a local optimal solution. The global methods avoid this problem but require many forward simulations. With the availability of simulator software, such problem can be reduced thus using the direct optimization method. After optimization an increase in recovery factor of over 20% was achieved. The results provided an improvement when compared with other existing methods from the literatures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document