scholarly journals Status, Distribution, and Threats of Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) in Nepal: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Asmit Neupane ◽  
Asmita Regmi ◽  
Aastha Tiwari ◽  
Byanjana Sharma ◽  
Amit Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
International Level ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a member of the Hyaenidae family distributed globally from Africa to Central Tanzania, the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent including Nepal. Only a few documented studies have been carried out at a national as well as international level regarding their habit, habitat, threats, and conservation measures. Various open access works of literature including articles, reports, and books published from 1941 to 2021 were assessed through Google scholar and Research gate for this study. We searched, refined, and selected 42 pieces of literature for the study purpose. We found that striped hyenas were recorded from five national parks of lowland Terai regions and they were recorded in six districts lying outside the protected area in Central and Western Terai as well as the hilly region of Nepal. Habitat degradation, decreased prey population, retaliatory killing by poisoning, poaching and road kills are found to be the major threats to these endangered scavengers that require immediate conservation initiatives We believe that this manuscript can fulfill the knowledge gap on this species and suggests conservation initiatives, which could be a landmark for conducting further research and conservation of striped hyenas.

scholarly journals Status of Striped Hyena (Hyaena Hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and Their Conservation Approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi Forests, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Bishwanath Rijal ◽  
Sujan Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

The striped hyena is one of the least studied large carnivores in Nepal. We evaluated status of Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and their conservation approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi forests, Nepal. The overall objective of this study was to explore the baseline information on striped hyena and to recommend the future conservation action for striped hyena. Camera trapping, sign transect and questionnaire surveys were used to collect the baseline information on striped hyena. A total of 20 mammalian species including striped hyena were recorded. The striped hyena preferred riverbed than that of mixed forest, Accacia forest, Shorea forest and grassland. Most of the striped hyena sign evidences (36.27 %) were located in riverbed, followed by mixed forest (26.47%), Accacia forest (20.58 %), Shorea forest (15.56 %) and grassland (0.98%). Habitat degradation was one of the major threats to this animal and its prey species.  J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 49-59 

scholarly journals Habitat preference indicators for striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e01619
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Daya Ram Bhusal ◽  
Maria Psaralexi ◽  
Stefanos Sgardelis
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena

A Mamluk-Venetian Memorandum on Asian Trade, AD 1503

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO APELLÁNIZ
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Central European ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Mixed Networks ◽  
A Company ◽  
Role Of Information

Abstract This article presents and discusses a source of unique importance for our knowledge of early modern global exchanges. Produced in 1503 by the Egyptian administration and found among the records of a Venetian company with global commercial interests, the document records hitherto unknown connections between the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, followed by cargo figures. By sending the Memorandum to the head office in Venice, the Company's agents in Egypt were labouring to solve the most important concern of Venice's information network, that of coordinating Indian with Mediterranean trading seasons. By analysing the document's context, namely, a company involved in the export of central European metals to Asia, this article focuses on the capacity of its agents to gather information through collaboration, networking and ultimately, friendship with Muslim partners and informers. The story of the 1503 Memorandum and its transmission raises questions about the mixed networks underpinning global exchanges, the role of information and the drive of the late Mamluk sultanate into the world of the Indian Ocean.

Ante las metas 230 del convenio de biodiversidad. ¿Es la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas una alternativa a la gobernanza política tradicional?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martín
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Level ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Governance

Decisions on the future conformation of the planet and its biosphere will soon have to be made. About 30% of the globe under different categories will be declared a protected area by 2030. Such determination on international level, perhaps unique in its kind due to its territorial scope, will lead to the re-conformation and resignification of enormous spaces. For a century and a half, protected areas have been changing their purposes; it is now necessary to review their governance and the effectiveness of their management, which should not replicate that of unprotected territories. High social and environmental expectations will fall on marginal public institutions within their governments. Many of them dream that these territories will provide alternative models to those offered by traditional governance, projecting non-environmental political utopias and adding complexity. The objective of this work is to evaluate the challenge and lay out criteria to confront it. To this end, demands and feasibility in the case of Argentina are analyzed through two scenarios, estimating the necessary resources and pointing out possible criteria. It is concluded that many priorities must be reformulated in the country and the world to meet a new territoriality since the environmental governance is a good alternative, which is as much in crisis as the traditional one.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

A Renewed Al-Qaeda: Strategizing for a Comeback

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Farhan Zahid
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Osama Bin Laden ◽  
The Times ◽  
As If

Al-Qaeda, the premier global jihadist terrorist entity having its footprints in more than 60 countries and responsible for perpetrating the world's hitherto biggest terrorist attacks of 9/11, appears to have adopted a strategy of working in tandem with local Islamist-jihadist groups. This may be regarded as a strategic shift from directing and masterminding international terrorist attacks to collusion with its associated networks, such as Al-Shabab in Somalia and the Taliban in Afghanistan, and promoting local jihadists in Yemen, Sinai, Syria, and West Africa. Al-Qaeda‟s local chapters such as Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), and Al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) are also working alongside local Al-Qaeda linked Islamist groups. It appears as if Al-Qaeda no longer subscribes to the approach it adhered to during the times of its former Emir Osama Bin Laden and has substantially re-crafted its strategy under Ayman al-Zawahiri.

scholarly journals Population Status and Distribution of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P Thapaliya ◽  
Madhav Khadka ◽  
Hemanta Kafley
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), biological treasure of the Indian subcontinent now restricts its existence in few big river systems of India and Nepal only. Innumerable threats posed to Gharial and its natural habitat led to extinction of the species from Bhutan, Burma and Pakistan and almost extinct from Bangladesh. Despite of the concerted Gharial conservation effort of Nepal and India since midtwentieth century, the species finds its status as Critically Endangered on the IUCN 2007 Red list. Realizing the fact that a basic step in any conservation plan involving mega herpetofauna is to estimate its population status and structure and its geographic distribution, Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal held Gharial census on January-February 2008. The census estimated a total of 81 Gharials in Nepal. Out of total Gharial recorded during the census, 70 Gharials were recorded through direct sighting while 11 were based on indirect observations. Factors responsible for decreasing Gharial population were flood and dam construction, habitat destruction and decline in food quality & quantity. Over fishing, use of gill nets and river poisoning adversely affected the quality and quantity of fishes that serve as main food for Gharial. Contradictory to the past findings decreasing Gharial population was not attributed to the illegal egg collection and poaching of male Gharial for "Ghara". Deliberate killing was only found to take place in case the animal got entrapped in fishing nets. We conclude that Gharial should receive high conservation priority in future too. Efforts to restore the population through artificial breeding have much to do for maintaining present population. However, declining population, despite of several Gharial releases, should be addressed through more detailed scientific study. Census should be based on direct sighting through extensive field observation. Gharial release should precede scientific field study for assessing habitat suitability and follow with intensive monitoring program. The emphasis should be given for preparing specific Gharial Conservation Action Plan for regulating conservation activities to help conserve Gharial in Nepal. Key Words: Gharial conservation, Population status, Captive breeding, Threats DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2422 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.1-11

Genome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into the Scavenging Lifestyle of the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1872-1885
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhou ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Lu Qiao ◽  
Yue Lan ◽  
Megan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide ◽  
Striped Hyena ◽  
Hyaena Hyaena
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