scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rhizobium Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P Application

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series.  Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The results of the present data indicated that treatments with higher P application gave higher N uptake and showed the link among P application, high nodule dry weight, and N uptake. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Emmanuel Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Rhizobium Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Rhizobium Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.

EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY ON NODULATION AND NITROGEN UPTAKE BY THREE LEGUME CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Emmanuel Owusu-Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Rhizobium Species ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: A greenhouse study of Soybean, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea was made at University of Ghana, to determine the effects of phosphorus availability on nodulation and nitrogen uptake by the afore mentioned legumes in two Ghanaian soils, Adenta and Nzema series. Methodology: Three P rates of 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TSP and TPR were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in two soil series. The pots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design. GenstatR was used to do the statistical analysis. Findings: The results from this study showed that with or without Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) or Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR), soybean did not form nodules in the Nzema soil but nodulated with TSP application in the Adenta soil. The absence of nodulation even with high P from TSP by soybean in Nzema soil is surprising but the observation in the Nzema soil may be attributed to the absence of soybean Rhizobium cells or insignificant numbers of these rhizobia. The improvement in the dry matter yield of pigeon pea and cowpea on Adenta soil and soybean on the Nzema soil at TPR50 and TPR100 show the importance of P application to dry matter yield of legumes. Significant difference that was shown by cowpea on Nzema soil could be attributed to the ability of the crop to desorp P from sparingly available P sources through exudation of high amounts of organic acid anions, mainly citrate. Unique contributions to theory, practice and policy: In the soil, Rhizobium species must recognize their specific host before nodulation may take place and the absence of the appropriate Rhizobium species with the introduction of a legume into a given soil may result in no or poor nodulation. Low P availability is a challenge for crop species to nodulate since the rhizobia responsible for nitrogen fixation have a high P requirement. The toxicity of Aluminum to rhizobia may be due to inhibition of DNA replication because of binding of Aluminum to DNA. One factor that could have accounted for the better nodulation in soil is the higher acidity. The optimum pH for effective rhizobia growth in soils is between pH 6 and 7.

scholarly journals The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Yaliang Wang ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Jing Xiang ◽  
Yikai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractDetermination of the optimal fertilization method is crucial to maximize nitrogen use efficiency and yield of different rice cultivars. Side-deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen, in conjunction with machine transplanting and subsequent topdressing, was applied to Indica–japonica hybrid rice ‘Yongyou1540’ (YY1540) and indica hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ (TYHZ). Four nitrogen treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen (T1), single-dose deep fertilization at transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen (T2), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen and topdressing of 30% quick nitrogen at tillering (T3), or at panicle initiation (T4). Side-deep fertilization reduced the fertilizer application frequency without causing yield loss, T4 enhanced the yield of YY1540 by increasing the number of productive tillers and number of spikelets per panicle compared with T1, T2 and T3. The yield of TYHZ showed no significant difference among treatments. The T4 treatment decreased the number of tillers at the tilling peak stage and increased the percentage productive tillers and number of differentiated spikelets. Compared with the other treatments, T4 increased dry matter accumulation and leaf area index during panicle initiation and grain ripening, and contributed to enhanced nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization in YY1540. On average, nitrogen uptake and utilization in YY1540 were highest in T4, but no significant differences among treatments were observed in TYHZ. Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake from panicle initiation to heading of YY1540 were correlated with number of spikelets per panicle, but no significant correlations were observed for TYHZ. Supplementary topdressing with quick-release nitrogen at the panicle initiation stage was required to increase yield of indica–japonica hybrid rice, whereas single-dose deep fertilization with controlled-release nitrogen is satisfactory for the indica hybrid cultivar.

scholarly journals Accumulation of total nutrients, dry matter and phytochrome content in Boesenbergia stenophylla R.M Smith as affected by different light conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Tracy Saptu ◽  
Nur Ashikin Psyquay Abdullah ◽  
Franklin Ragai Kundat ◽  
Aicher Joseph Toyat ◽  
Calson Gimang Endawie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytochrome Content

A study was conducted to determine the best agronomic practices for the cultivation of jerangau merah as a new medicinal crop. Jerangau merah is scientifically known as Boesenbergia stenophylla is a ginger plants that is highly endemic to the Borneo Highland. This understorey herb grows in cluster and under the heavy shades of forest canopies and perceived only the sunflecks that pass through the forest canopies. Jerangau Merah has been consumed by the locals for its medicinal values since decades ago. Generally, B. stenophylla is well known for its function as antidote for alcohol. Moreover, the B. stenophylla is also beneficial for rheumatic pains, remedies for stomach ache and toothache and as antiseptic wash as well. This herb is not propagate by the locals due to its sensitivity to sunlight and lack of agronomic information for B. stenophylla. Harvesting it from their natural habitat, however, seen the decline it its population size hence cultivation is essential. This paper aimed to determine the total nutrients, dry matter yield and phytochrome content of Bosenbergia stenophylla R.M. Smith under different light regimes. A study for determining suitable planting media for B. stenophylla was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The treatments are: i) (M1) with the ratio of 3:2:1 top soil: sand: organic matter, media ii) (M2) consists of soil mixture 3:2:1 placed in water-logged polyethylene bags and media iii) (M3) contained only leaf litters. The results showed that the herbs showed significantly higher number of shoots and leaves in the common soil mixture. But, better root development in media containing leaf litters. The study proceeded with field experiment at Ba’Kelalan to determine the effect of different shade levels and fertilizing regimes on growth. B. stenophylla was cultivated under two different levels of shade cloths: 70% and 90% level of shade and different fertilizing regimes (T1 as control, no fertilizer applied to the plants; T2, chicken dung; T3, NPKMg and T4, mixed of chicken dung and NPKMg). The study for determining the effects of different shade level and fertilizing regimes on seedling’s growth which conducted at Ba’Kelalan in factorial randomized completely blocked design (RCBD). The data collected for 9 weeks of planting which include nutrient content in soil, leaf, PAR and phytochrome content and growth parameters. Regarding the nutrient uptake, the results showed no interactions between fertilizing regimes and shade levels. There were no significant different in nutrient elements except for magnesium and potassium. Magnesium is essential for the formation of chlorophyll which ensure efficiency of photosynthesis when under higher light intensity. Among all the fertilizer treatment, it was showed that chicken dung amendment has higher nutrient uptake. Thus, it is recommended chicken dung should be added into the NPKMg for better nutrient uptake. Further study on suitable fertilizer rates apply to B. stenophylla should be taken into consideration. Moreover, plants cultivated under 70% have been higher and have higher dry matter yield than those plants cultivated under 90%. The result also revealed that there was significant different in chlorophyll content of B. stenophylla cultivated under 70% which treated either with chicken dung and NPKMG respectively. However, plants under 90% have higher chlorophyll content than those under 70%. Based on the results, plants under 70% shade was taller than those under 90% and there were significant difference in height among treatments under 70%.  It was observed plant treated with NPKMg was taller. This study showed that shade and fertilizers significantly affected the dry matter yield of B. stenophylla. Moreover, adding NPKMg to the treatments yields more dry matter content of jerangau merah. As for phytochrome content, there was no significant effect of fertilizer on phytochrome content. However, there was significant difference among the shade levels. 90% shade showed higher phytochrome content than those under 70%. In overall, both shade and fertilizer is important in cultivation of Jerangau Merah. 70% shade was observed to have significant effects on growth of jerangau merah and also more economical compared to 90%. Moreover, combination of organic matter and NPKMg also promote the growth of jerangau merah enhance the nutrient uptake efficiency of jerangau merah. However, further investigation of suitable fertilizer and application rate are required to determine suitable fertilizer for jerangau merah and application rate for optimum growth of jerangau merah.

scholarly journals Assessment of yield, quality and nitrogen index of Agrostietum capillaris grassland as affected by fertilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Rade Stanisavljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Yield Quality

Managing N, P and K inputs in semi-natural meadow production systems is important for achieving maximum yields in livestock farming. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of different NPK levels (N0P0K0, N50P50K50, N100P50K50, N100P100K100, N150P100K100 and N200P150K150 kg ha-1 yr-1) on the yield, quality and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) in a grassland community of Agrostietum capillaris (semi-natural meadow) in western Serbia. The study was conducted during the seasons of 2005-2008. The values of the investigated parameters, except for the unit N uptake, were the highest in 2004/2005 due to favorable climate conditions. The levels of nitrogen significantly increased all of the studied parameters compared to the control treatment, except for unit N uptake. Mineral fertilizers at N200P150K150 provided the highest green forage yield (25.12 t ha-1), dry matter yield (8.12 t ha-1), crude protein yield (876.3 kg ha-1), nitrogen uptake (140.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen nutrition index (70.2%), and the lowest unit N uptake (0.0022 kg N kg DMY-1). The use of mineral fertilizers increased green forage yield, dry matter yield and crude protein yield, increasing fertilizer from lowest to highest rate increased fresh and dry matter yield, as well as protein yield. Based on the results of the study, monitoring of nutrition indices would be necessary in order to increase productivity and economic benefits.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alex Boateng ◽  
Prof. Emmanuel Owusu- Bennoah
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology:  The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.

scholarly journals Consórcio de milho com forrageiras: atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de massa seca

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santiani ◽  
Otavio Bagiotto Rossato ◽  
Renata Pizzatto Contini ◽  
Igor Vortmann ◽  
Jeizon Eisenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Physical Attributes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of maizedry matter in the consortium with forage or in single cultivation, oats + ryegrass in succession and the physical attributes in a Red Nitosol. The experiment was conducted in Concórdia -SC in the agricultural years 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The design wasa randomized block with 5 replications, consisting of the treatments: T1 -Single maize; T2 -Maize + Pigeon pea forage (Cajanus cajan); T3 -Maize + Urochloa ruziziensis; T4 -Maize + Pigeon peaforage + U. ruziziensis, T5 –Pigeon peaforage and T6 -U.ruziziensissingle. The dry mass productivity (PMS) of maize, forage and oats + ryegrass in succession was determined. Also, the Rapid Diagnosis of Soil Structure (DRES) and the Mechanical Resistance of Soil to Penetration (RSP) were carried out after twoyears of cultivation. The presence of U. ruziziensisand / or Pigeon peadid not affect the dry matter yield of maizein both harvests. The highest PMS of oats were found in the plots following single maizeand the smallest for the second crop, where treatments with U. ruziziensisfollowed. For RSP, no significant differences were found in consortia and single crops. The treatments with U. ruziziensisobtained better indexes of structural quality. The corn consortium with Urochloa ruziziensis, in addition to not reducing silage productivity, provides forage availability in the autumn empty period, as well as improving soil attributes.

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