scholarly journals Carapacial scute anomalies of star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) in Western India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Raju Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Western India ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Standard Pattern ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Geochelone Elegans

The basic taxonomy and classification of reptile species and genera often use pholidotic characters. Despite that each species has a standard pattern, there are always deviant individuals in terms of scale number, shape, size, or color. Turtles are excellent models for the study of developmental instability because anomalies are easily detected in the form of malformations, additions, or reductions in the number of scutes or scales. The normal number of carapacial scutes in turtles is five vertebrals, four pairs of costals, and 12 pairs of marginals, a pattern known as “typical chelonian carapacial scutation”. Any deviation of vertebral, costal, or marginal scute numbers or their pattern represents an anomaly. Zangerl & Johnson (1957) documented scutation anomalies in 118 species of turtles belonging to seven families, with higher levels of carapace anomalies in aquatic species compared to semi-aquatic and terrestrial species.

scholarly journals A Morphometric Analysis of Platelet Dense Granules of Patients with Unexplained Bleeding: A New Entity of Delta-Microgranular Storage Pool Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Gunning ◽  
Meera Raghavan ◽  
Edward P. Calomeni ◽  
James N. Turner ◽  
Bodri Roysam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dense Granule ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Storage Pool ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bleeding History ◽  
And Storage

One thousand and eighty patients, having prolonged bleeding times, frequent epistaxis, menorrhagia or easy bruising or other bleeding manifestations, and excluding those with von Willebrand’s disease, were evaluated for platelet dense granule deficiency. The mean diameter of platelet dense granules was determined for all patients using image analysis. Four hundred and ninety-nine had “classic” dense (delta) granule storage pool deficiency (δ-SPD). Five hundred and eighty-one individuals (53.8%) were found to have a normal mean number of dense granules, but for some of these patients, the dense granules were smaller than for the controls. Of the patients having a normal number of dense granules, 165 (28.4%) were found to have significantly smaller granules than the platelets obtained from the control subjects. Their average granule diameter was 123.35 ± 0.86 nm, that is more than three standard deviations below the mean of the control data. Total δ-granule storage pool volumes (TDGV)/platelet were calculated using these measurements. Individuals with δ-SPD had half the number of granules (2.25 ± 0.04 DG/PL) and storage pool volume (3.88 ± 1.06 × 106 nm3) when compared to our control data (4.64 ± 0.11 DG/PL; 10.79 × 106 nm3 ± 0.42). Individuals having a bleeding history but a normal average of small dense granules had a calculated storage pool volume statistically different than controls and essentially the same storage pool volume as patients with δ-SPD. We have identified a sub-classification of δ-SPD that we have defined as micro-granular storage pool deficiency (δ-MGSPD).

Ecological adaptations and morphological variation in the posterior disc of larvae of Sciomyzidae (Diptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Vala ◽  
Charles Gasc
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Ecological Adaptations ◽  
Morphological Aspects

The posterior part of segment 12 in the larvae of Sciomyzidae, commonly called the posterior disc, has four morphological aspects related to habitat and feeding behaviour. According to the variations observed, the following ecological categories can be used: (i) supra-aquatic species have well-developed float hairs (hydrofuge interspiracular processes) and long triangular peripheral lobes of the disc; (ii) semi-aquatic species have moderately developed float hairs and short triangular lobes; (iii) intermediate terrestrial species have very short float hairs and circular lobes; (iv) true terrestrial species have vestigial, scalelike float hairs and hemispherical lobes.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic and inter-elemental osteohistological variability in the leopard tortoise Stigmochelys pardalis

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Edward Botha ◽  
Jennifer Botha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Fundamental System ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Hind Limbs

Testudines are a group of reptiles characterized by the presence of a shell covered by keratinous shields. Stigmochelys pardalis is the most widely distributed terrestrial testudine in southern Africa. Although relatively common with some life history traits being well known, the growth of this species has yet to be studied in any detail. The bone microanatomy of this clade differs from that found in other amniotes, where terrestrial species tend to display characteristics normally seen in aquatic species and vice versa. A detailed histological analysis of the limb bones of S. pardalis reveals extensive variation through ontogeny. Cortical bone becomes increasingly thicker through ontogeny and is finally resorbed in the late sub-adult stage, resulting in a thin cortex and a large infilled medullary cavity. The predominant bone tissues are parallel-fibred and lamellar-zonal for the forelimbs and hind limbs respectively. The oldest individual displayed an External Fundamental System indicating that the growth rate had decreased substantially by this stage. Variability is prevalent between the forelimb and hind limb as well as between early and late sub-adults Forelimb elements exhibit characteristics such as faster growing parallel-fibered bone tissue, slightly higher vascularization and a predominance of annuli over Lines of Arrested Growth (LAG) compared to the hind limb which exhibits poorly vascularized, slower growing lamellar-zonal bone interrupted by LAGs. These differences indicate that the forelimb grew more rapidly than the hind limb, possibly due to the method of locomotion seen in terrestrial species. The extensive bone resorption that occurs from the early sub-adult stage destroys much of the primary cortex and results in a significantly different ratio of inner and outer bone diameter (p = 3.59 × 10­−5; df = 28.04) as well as compactness (p = 2.91 × 10­−5; df = 31.27) between early and late sub-adults. The extensive bone resorption seen also destroys the ecological signal and infers an aquatic lifestyle for this species despite it being clearly terrestrial. This supports the results of other studies that have found that using bone microanatomy to determine lifestyle in testudines does not produce accurate results.

scholarly journals Species can base their impression of themselves on the number of sensory neurons they have and their IUCN level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
aaron goetz
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Western Gorilla ◽  
Pilot Whales

Abstract Humans have the most sensory neurons of any terrestrial species, 18.83B, with more than twice as many as the runner up western gorilla. There are three aquatic species with more than humans and seven more with more than the western gorilla. The killer whale with more than twice as many as humans, long-finned and short-finned pilot whale with a little less than twice humans. With that many sensory neurons it would be assumed that those would be the species with the most emotional disturbance from anthropogenic influence. There is no data on killer whale endangerment, and both long and short finned pilot whales are LC, ranking them 23rd and 24th most disturbed species. It is important for us to consider what the species means to them in evaluating what species we should care about, it would be beneficial to base that on what species care about themselves the most.

scholarly journals Art. VII.–The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data

1893 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Western India ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
North Western

No one can fully appreciate the great value of this work to all students of ethnology until they realize the historical importance of an accurate classification of the characteristic differences which divide the social strata known as the castes living in a country occupying the geographical position of Bengal. Bengal is practically the country of the Deltas of the Ganges and Brahmaputra, and of the Western rivers, which rise in the Vindhyan range, called by Hindu geographers the Sukti mountains, and flow down thence to the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal. It has always been one of the great highways by which Southern tribes moved northward and Northern tribes southward, and was, owing to its geographical advantages and its fertile soil, civilized and settled before the advent of the Aryan conquerors to North-western India. It is for this reason that we find in Bengal the undisturbed remains and the still living and almost unchanged representatives of some of the principal races who are described by the poets of the Rigveda under the general name of Dasyus, a name which, as Zimmer shows, merely means the people of the country or “desh.” It was from the union of the people of Bengal called the Maghadas or Mughs with the Northern Kushikas or sons of Kush the tortoise that the first great Indian Empire arose, which was formed by the two races ruled by the king called in the Mahābhārata Jarasandha.

scholarly journals Comparative morphology of the seminal receptacles of Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) (Brachyura, Ocypodoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2106 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA S. LÓPEZ-GRECO ◽  
VÍVIAN FRANSOZO ◽  
MARIA LUCIA NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO ◽  
DANIELA CARVALHO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Ocypode Quadrata ◽  
Cuticular Layer

The seminal receptacles of the Eubrachyura are an ecto-mesodermic differentiation of the genital ducts where the spermatophores are stored and fertilization takes place. The position in which the oviduct is connected to the seminal receptacles varies among species and two types, dorsal and ventral, can be distinguished. The dorsal type is frequently observed in the “soft mating system” species, while the ventral one is usually related to the “hard mating system” species. The seminal receptacles (SR) of Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) are paired, spherical and opalescent structures with a ventral connection to the oviduct and without any differences between the two members of the pair. The SR present macroscopic features that resemble other semi-terrestrial species of Ocypodoidea and Grapsoidea, but some histological characters resemble more aquatic species such as the Majoidea. The mesodermic portion of the SR is delimited by a cubic-flat secretor epithelium with three layers of muscular cells and surrounded externally by a simple capsule of conjunctive tissue. The transition between the mesodermic and the ectodermic areas is abrupt and characterized by a folded epithelium resembling that described for some Majoidea and the presence of a high cuticular layer. Only free spermatozoa were found, but no differentiated spermatophore packages or spermatophores.

Variation in the sensitivity of aquatic species in relation to the classification of environmental pollutants

Chemosphere ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Vaal ◽  
Jan Tjalling van der Wal ◽  
Janneke Hoekstra ◽  
Joop Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Species

scholarly journals Assessing the new ICD-MM classification for assigning the cause of maternal mortality at a tertiary centre in Western India: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Tosha M. Sheth ◽  
Palak P. Vaishnav ◽  
Nandita K. Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Western India ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2012 introduced the 10th revision of International Classification of Disease (ICD 10) to deaths in pregnancy, labour and puerperium (ICD-MM) for consistent collection, analysis and interpretation of information on maternal deaths. The proper use of this classification requires training to avoid heterogeneity and error in the classification of maternal deaths.Methods: We analysed the Maternal Death Review (MDR) forms of 295 deaths over a period of 5 years (January 2014 to December 2018 inclusive) occurring at a tertiary health centre in Western India. The ICD-MM classification was used to reassign the cause of death.Results: There were 295 deaths in women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium during the 5 year period. Of these there were 294 maternal deaths and one coincidental death. There were 173 deaths of the direct type (58.84%), 105 deaths of the indirect type (35.71%) and 16 deaths (5.44%) of the unspecified type. Obstetric haemorrhage was  the highest contributor to direct deaths (23.8%) and anaemia contributed to the maximum deaths from indirect causes (13.6%) followed by liver diseases in pregnancy (10.54%).Unanticipated complications of management accounted for 2% of the total deaths. There was considerable inaccuracy in assigning cause of death by consultants who were untrained in the use of the ICD-MM classification.Conclusions: ICD-MM classification promotes an accurate assignment of the cause of death. Training of healthcare providers performing maternal death reviews in the use of this classification is essential to identify accurate underlying cause of death and contributory conditions. 

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