scholarly journals Relationship Between Sexual Assault and Development of Eating Disorders in Domestic and International College Women [Miami University]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lauren Cefalo ◽  
Rose Marie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Miami University ◽  
International College ◽  
The Relationship

One in four women will experience some form of sexual assault in their lifetime and 0.3-1% of women will experience anorexia nervosa in their lifetime (Hoek, 2006). Compared to other psychiatric disorders, anorexia has been found to have the highest mortality rate (Morris, 2007). Anorexia nervosa has a mortality rate of 10% (Insel, 2012). Additionally, college women seem to be at great risk for both eating disorders and experiencing sexual assault. While a few studies examine the relationship between eating disorder behavior and sexual assault, it is unclear if this risk is different across year in school and for those who are members of sororities. The objective of this study is to extend the literature by examining some groups who might be at higher or lower risk for both sexual assault and disordered eating. Given the higher rates of eating disorders and sexual assault, college women will be the focus of the current study. An anonymous online survey with census sampling was used to obtain the data for this study. It was only distributed to college students around the ages of 18-22. Data collection is ongoing. It is hypothesized that members of sororities and older students will have higher rates of both behaviors. Interventions can utilize the results of this study to target students who might be at a particularly higher risk. Implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals No One is on My Side: The Role of Abuse in Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
General Question ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
World Science ◽  
The Relationship

Eating disorders are considered some of the most difficult to treat and have the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders (Agras, 2001). Among them, anorexia nervosa is one of the psychiatric diagnoses with the highest mortality rate (Arcelus et al., 2011). In a longitudinal study conducted by Bulkin et al. (2007) from 1980 to 2005, it was found that – 80 – General question of world science applying medication and working with behavior yielded inconclusive results (Openshaw, et al. 2004). If eating disorders were solely dependent on food, it would make sense that changing eating behaviors makes it easier to get out of the disorder. Unfortunately, however, this is often not the case. The clinical case presented here is a clear example of the relationship between eating disorders and trauma, particularly sexual, emotional, power, and physical abuse.

scholarly journals No One is on My Side: The Role of Abuse in Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
The Relationship

Eating disorders are considered some of the most difficult to treat and have the highest mortality rate of all mental disorders (Agras, 2001). Among them, anorexia nervosa is one of the psychiatric diagnoses with the highest mortality rate (Arcelus et al., 2011). In a longitudinal study conducted by Bulkin et al. (2007) from 1980 to 2005, it was found that applying medication and working with behavior yielded inconclusive results (Openshaw, et al. 2004). If eating disorders were solely dependent on food, it would make sense that changing eating behaviors makes it easier to get out of the disorder. Unfortunately, however, this is often not the case. The clinical case presented here is a clear example of the relationship between eating disorders and trauma, particularly sexual, emotional, power, and physical abuse.

A Mediational Model of Autonomy, Self-Esteem, and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Frederick ◽  
Virginia M. Grow
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
College Women ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Mediational Model ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eating Disordered Behaviors

This study expands upon existing literature by examining how the relationship between autonomy deficits and low self-esteem may create a psychological environment conducive to the development of eating disordered behaviors. Findings supported a mediational model to account for eating disordered behaviors in 71 college women. In this model, lack of autonomy was related to decreased global self-esteem, which in turn was associated with bulimia, body dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness. Although only tentative and cross-sectional in nature, this study is of particular importance because it links autonomy and self-esteem in a coherent model predictive of eating disordered behaviors in college women. Developmental aspects of eating disorders and treatment implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Use of Drinking and Sexual Assault Protective Behavioral Strategies: Associations With Sexual Victimization and Revictimization Among College Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Neilson ◽  
Amanda K. Gilmore ◽  
Hanna T. Pinsky ◽  
Molly E. Shepard ◽  
Melissa A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Protective Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
College Sexual Assault

Despite consistent high rates of campus sexual assault, little research has examined effective strategies to decrease sexual assault victimization. Sexual assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may be important means of reducing sexual assault victimization risk on college campuses but need further examination. The current study examined the relationship among sexual assault in childhood, before college, and since college to evaluate the mitigating roles of both sexual assault PBS and drinking PBS on sexual assault victimization. Participants ( n = 620) were undergraduate women, 18 to 20 years old. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey assessing participants’ sexual assault PBS and sexual assault history. Sexual assault history was positively associated with future sexual assault experiences. Pre-college sexual assault was associated with increased since-college sexual assault and increased drinks per week. Since-college adolescent/adult sexual assault was associated with less use of sexual assault PBS. These findings suggest that PBS may have an important role in sexual assault victimization and future research should examine their usefulness in risk reduction programs for college women.

Eating Disorders: Implications for the 1990's*

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Garfinkel ◽  
David M. Garner ◽  
David S. Goldbloom
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Endogenous Opiates ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
The Relationship

In the past decade much has been learned about the clinical features, diagnosis and understanding of people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In order to provide the next level of improvement in our care for these patients, our understanding of certain problems must be addressed by empirical research. Areas which require further study include the definition of high risk groups, the refinement of diagnoses, understanding factors which result in chronicity, determining the complications of chronicity and comparative evaluations of different treatments. These five areas are outlined in this article. Populations at risk for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may be those who must be thin and achieve according to career choice, those with a particular family and personal psychiatric history; obesity and chronic medical illnesses may be further risks. Improved diagnostic understanding has occurred by the differentiation of bulimic from restricting subtypes of anorexia nervosa. Further work must determine the relationship between the bulimic subtype of anorexia nervosa and bulimia in normal weight women and to further clarify the relationship between eating disorders and affective disorders. A number of factors may result in a chronic illness. These have been described on a variety of levels. The consequences of starvation in altering an individual's thinking, feeling and behaviour do play a role. It is not clear what factors at a neurochemical level contribute to this. Elevated endogenous opiates decreased noradrenergic function and decreased serotonin may be important. Information about the chronic complications is required for clinicians to understand the broad range of difficulties that may develop over time so that clinicians may use this information in planning treatment strategies. Two examples, those of osteoporosis and the pregnant woman with an eating disorder, highlight this problem. Finally, treatment is briefly reviewed in terms of options available and the idea of developing a stepped-care approach to treatment.

scholarly journals Eating disorders in times of the COVID ‐19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of patients with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Schlegl ◽  
Julia Maier ◽  
Adrian Meule ◽  
Ulrich Voderholzer
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Online Survey

Depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between insomnia and eating disorders in college women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha J. Goel ◽  
Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit ◽  
Mickey Trockel ◽  
Rachael E. Flatt ◽  
Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
College Women ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Parental and Adult Attachment and Eating Symptomology in Eating Disorder Patients and Sine Morbo Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Dömötör Szalai ◽  
Edit Czeglédi M.A.
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Attachment can contribute to eating disorder symptomology through various paths, including emotion regulation. However, the relationship between parental and adult attachment and emotional eating and other eating disorder symptoms have been barely investigated on comparative samples. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online survey aimed to assess the relationship between parental and adult attachment qualities with the eating behavior severity, emotional eating, and the level of depression in 67 female anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder patients, compared to 67 female sine morbo individuals. Eating disorder patients less frequently had secure attachment, and were more often fearful or preoccupied than sine morbo individuals. In sine morbo individuals lower adult attachment security, but in patients, lower parental care was related to eating disorder symptoms. In sine morbo individuals, higher preoccupation, but in patients, higher fearfulness and lower care was related to emotional eating. Lower attachment security (OR = 0.54), younger age (OR = 0.93) and higher depression (OR = 1.04) explained 36.6% of the variance of diagnosed eating disorders. A complex interplay could be highlighted between dysfunctional attachment dimensions and eating symptomology in both groups—but with different patterns. Perceived parental care may be influential for eating disorder patients, whilst the degree of adult attachment security can be influential for sine morbo individuals. Lower attachment security was a predictor of eating disorders, which suggests the protective value of enhancing attachment security. However, further attachment-based interventions are required.

Reasoning About Sexual Assault: The Role of Consent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kaluza ◽  
Clare Conry-Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Freezing Response ◽  
The Relationship

One hundred and fifty-nine emerging adults (77 men, 82 women) completed an online survey evaluating consent and the acceptability of a sexual act in hypothetical scenarios which varied the response of the protagonist/victim and the length of the relationship. Judgments of the acceptability of sexual acts were strongly associated with judgments of consent. Judgments of consent and the acceptability, responsibility for and deserved-punishment for the sexual act differed depending on the victim responses and relationships lengths. Gender differences were most frequent in the conditions where the victim responded to sexual advances by freezing. Compared to women, men judged the freezing response to be more acceptable, and the perpetrator to be less responsible and less punish-worthy. In addition, men were less likely than women to label responses where the victim froze as rape, though they did indicate they were wrong.

Shameful “Victims” and Angry “Survivors”: Emotion, Mental Health, and Labeling Sexual Assault

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin M. Boyle ◽  
Jody Clay-Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assault Characteristics

Decades of research demonstrate that women frequently avoid the label “rape” when reflecting on nonconsensual sexual experiences. The current study focuses on self-labels to further understand the relationship between assault characteristics, emotion, mental health, and women’s labeling of sexual assault. We argue that emotions produced by various assault characteristics are important mechanisms for understanding self-labeling after a sexual assault. We draw from research on rape scripts and cultural discourses of victimhood, survivorhood, and emotion to examine labeling “rape” and self-labeling as a “victim” or “survivor” in an online survey of 138 undergraduate women at a southeastern university. Using a series of ordinal logistic regressions in which labels are regressed on emotions and measures of mental health, we find that the “victim” label is associated with shame and post-traumatic stress, while the “survivor” label is associated with anger and less depression.

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