scholarly journals The Effect of Ligands on Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems to the Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailee Shroff ◽  
Chad Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
The Brain

metal nanoparticles have been used to address these diseases in the brain, however very few of these formulations have made it through clinical trials. This review will be discussing the role of noble metal nanoparticles as drug delivery systems specifically to the brain. A common problem many researchers and clinical physicians are facing problems because they are unable to access the brain without highly invasive surgery. Nanoparticles allow access to the brain without invasive surgery. Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) are of particular interest because of their inherent characteristics which are amplified or reduced by ligands. The various ligands available change the method of transportation for a NMNPs traveling through the blood barrier. We will examine various ligands and their benefits and potential drawbacks. Furthermore, the optimal usage for each ligand and associated nanoparticle will also be examined. This review will go into detail about pure noble metal nanoparticle, glucose, PEG, CTAB, Transferrin, Anti-Microbial Peptide, and Chitosan as coatings. All of these are commonly used among researchers. The absorptivity into various cell types in the brain along with future implications will be examined.

Alzheimer’s disease and its related Dementia types: A review on their management via nanotechnology based therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
The Brain

Background: Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of de- mentias is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to the brain. Objective: The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being dis- cussed. Method: An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nan- otheranostics as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported. Results: The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostruc- tured lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nan- otherapeutics can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral, and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed. Conclusion: To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the cur- rent drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on mul- tifunctional and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy for Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Navas ◽  
N. Doreswamy ◽  
P. J. Joseph Francis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Nanomedicine ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration ◽  
Alternative Routes

Nanomedicine contributes to cancer therapeutics in several ways, harnessing some of the remarkable properties of nanomaterials to target tumor cells with increasing specificity. Nano-scale therapeutic strategies enable the simultaneous transport of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs across physical and physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Alternative routes of drug administration, such as the intranasal route, have become viable, with more promising therapies for highly lethal tumors like glioblastomas. Cancer nanomedicine allows increased solubility and bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs, reducing their toxicity. Multi-drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, noble metal nanoparticle drug delivery systems, nanoparticle-based theranostics, and nano-biomarkers may well bring about a sea change in cancer therapeutics. This review presents an overview of the scope of cancer nanomedicine, including immunotherapy for cancer.

Schizophrenia; A Review on Promising Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 3871-3883
Author(s):  
Ece Ö. Bülbül ◽  
Ioannis D. Karantas ◽  
Mehmet E. Okur ◽  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Neslihan Ü. Okur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia belongs to mental illnesses affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Its therapy is still unmet; thus, researchers aimed to develop new pharmacological molecules which can improve its management. Methods: Moreover, the current typical and atypical antipsychotics should be formulated in more efficacious systems that can deliver the drug in the brain with as few side effects as possible. Further, the development of long-acting efficient drug delivery systems could be significant in minimizing frequent dosing which is nonpreferred to schizophrenics. Results: Herein, authors focused on current developments of antipsychotic medications used in schizophrenia management. Various studies, which include the use of first and second-generation antipsychotics, were analyzed according to their efficacy. In fact, in this review, oral, injectable, transdermal and intranasal formulations entrapped antipsychotics are presented to be valuable guidance for scientists to formulate more effective drug delivery systems for schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: This review aimed to assist researchers working on schizophrenia management by summarizing current medications and newly synthesized drug delivery systems recently found in the literature.

Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Garg ◽  
Deepak N Kapoor ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Amit Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. Reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are currently being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tend to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.

Bioinspired nanophotosensitizers: synthesis and characterization of porphyrin–noble metal nanoparticle conjugates

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 724-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayeeta Bhaumik ◽  
Gitanjali Gogia ◽  
Seema Kirar ◽  
Lekshmi Vijay ◽  
Neeraj S. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization

Conjugatable and compact porphyrinic photosensitizer nanoparticle conjugates were developed through rational synthesis followed by conjugation with noble metal nanoparticles.

Bioactivity of noble metal nanoparticles decorated with biopolymers and their application in drug delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 496 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendra Rai ◽  
Avinash P. Ingle ◽  
Indarchand Gupta ◽  
Adriano Brandelli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Thermally Activated Noble Metal Nanoparticles Incorporated in Electrospun Fiber-based Drug Delivery Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza Fazio ◽  
Alessandro Ridolfo ◽  
Giulia Neri
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Visible Radiation

Background: Nanosystems based on PEG-PLGA copolymer have attracted increasing interest in several biomedicine fields, due to their unique properties. Commonly, PEG-PLGA copolymer was used to formulate nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Only recently, the engineering of polymeric nanofibrous membrane able to be use like drug nanocarrier was investigated. Objective: The goal of this work is the development of two new drug delivery systems based on PEGylated-PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds, obtained by electrospinning deposition, simultaneous loaded with: i) silibinin, a therapeutic agent, ii) Au/Ag and iii) non-toxic Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. Another interest aspect of the present work regards how the morphological structure can influence the drug release which has been fine-tuned by two external stimuli: a light source and a magnetic field. Methods: Noble metal nanocolloids were prepared in water by the pulsed laser ablation technique. The PEG-PLGA@Au/Ag-SLB added with Fe2O3-PVA nanofibers were fabricated by the electrospinning deposition method. Results: The use of “Surface Plasmon Resonance”-mediated localized photothermal effect, determined by the nanoparticles resonant absorption of visible radiation, allows to these systems to be able to employ for photothermal drug delivery therapies in proximity of tumor cells. All data obtained about the fiber scaffolds are compared to NPs based on the same PEG-PLGA copolymer, loaded with silibinin, Fe2O3 and Au/Ag nanoparticles alternatively. Nanofibers respects to NPs, showed interesting sustained responsive silibinin release for at least 60 h, without the burst effect. A diffusion-based theoretical model approach allowed to precisely describe the release mechanism. Conclusion: The effective and controlled silibilin drug release, upon application of either light irradiation or magnetic field for a definite time interval, has been demonstrated. Under the light stimulus, the fiber-shaped nanosystem reached a cumulative drug release value as high as 70% in the long time. On the overall, the information obtained could be useful to design suitable “on demand” nanocomposites in view of a therapeutic treatments protocol that requires a fast pharmacological action.

Eco-Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticle Related Materials by Home Electric Appliances

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamato Hayashi ◽  
Masahiro Inoue ◽  
Ichitito Narita ◽  
Katsuaki Suganuma ◽  
Hirotsugu Takizawa
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Noble Metal Oxides ◽  
Ecology And Economy ◽  
Suitable Process

Applications of various noble metal nanoparticles were investigated for newly, ecology and economy home electric appliances (microwave, ultrasonic) used system. Noble metal oxides have merit in metal particles fabrication, as one of these example example, there are decomposed by only heating in air. That is, noble metal oxide don't use strong reduction atmosphere. This reduction is ecologically clean, because many noble metal oxides are not toxic and during decomposition O2 is evolved. We have reduced noble metal oxides by microwave and ultrasound, and tried to fabricate noble metal nanoparticles, and investigated various processing. These energy are widely used by home electric appliances. By choosing suitable process and conditions, it is reasonable to expect that home electric appliances ecology and economy fabrications can be extended to obtain simply various noble metal nanoparticles related materials.

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