Schizophrenia; A Review on Promising Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 3871-3883
Author(s):  
Ece Ö. Bülbül ◽  
Ioannis D. Karantas ◽  
Mehmet E. Okur ◽  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Neslihan Ü. Okur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Brain

Background: Schizophrenia belongs to mental illnesses affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Its therapy is still unmet; thus, researchers aimed to develop new pharmacological molecules which can improve its management. Methods: Moreover, the current typical and atypical antipsychotics should be formulated in more efficacious systems that can deliver the drug in the brain with as few side effects as possible. Further, the development of long-acting efficient drug delivery systems could be significant in minimizing frequent dosing which is nonpreferred to schizophrenics. Results: Herein, authors focused on current developments of antipsychotic medications used in schizophrenia management. Various studies, which include the use of first and second-generation antipsychotics, were analyzed according to their efficacy. In fact, in this review, oral, injectable, transdermal and intranasal formulations entrapped antipsychotics are presented to be valuable guidance for scientists to formulate more effective drug delivery systems for schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: This review aimed to assist researchers working on schizophrenia management by summarizing current medications and newly synthesized drug delivery systems recently found in the literature.

Alzheimer’s disease and its related Dementia types: A review on their management via nanotechnology based therapeutic strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
The Brain

Background: Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of de- mentias is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to the brain. Objective: The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being dis- cussed. Method: An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nan- otheranostics as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported. Results: The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostruc- tured lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nan- otherapeutics can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral, and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed. Conclusion: To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the cur- rent drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on mul- tifunctional and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.

Long-acting drug delivery systems for schizophrenia treatment

2022 ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Vanteemar S. Sreeraj ◽  
Venkataram Shivakumar ◽  
Naren P. Rao ◽  
Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Long Acting

scholarly journals Injectable Lipid-Based Depot Formulations: Where Do We Stand?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Rahnfeld ◽  
Paola Luciani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Depot Formulation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Long Acting

The remarkable number of new molecular entities approved per year as parenteral drugs, such as biologics and complex active pharmaceutical ingredients, calls for innovative and tunable drug delivery systems. Besides making these classes of drugs available in the body, injectable depot formulations offer the unique advantage in the parenteral world of reducing the number of required injections, thus increasing effectiveness as well as patient compliance. To date, a plethora of excipients has been proposed to formulate depot systems, and among those, lipids stand out due to their unique biocompatibility properties and safety profile. Looking at the several long-acting drug delivery systems based on lipids designed so far, a legitimate question may arise: How far away are we from an ideal depot formulation? Here, we review sustained release lipid-based platforms developed in the last 5 years, namely oil-based solutions, liposomal systems, in situ forming systems, solid particles, and implants, and we critically discuss the requirements for an ideal depot formulation with respect to the used excipients, biocompatibility, and the challenges presented by the manufacturing process. Finally, we delve into lights and shadows originating from the current setups of in vitro release assays developed with the aim of assessing the translational potential of depot injectables.

Drug Delivery Systems and Strategies to Overcome the Barriers of Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Garg ◽  
Deepak N Kapoor ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Amit Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
Hydrophilic Drugs ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: The transport of drugs to the central nervous system is the most challenging task for conventional drug delivery systems. Reduced permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier is a major hurdle in delivering drugs to the brain. Hence, various strategies for improving drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier are currently being explored. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer several advantages, including high chemical and biological stability, suitability for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, and can be administered through different routes. Furthermore, the conjugation of suitable ligands with these carriers tend to potentiate targeting to the endothelium of the brain and could facilitate the internalization of drugs through endocytosis. Further, the intranasal route has also shown potential, as a promising alternate route, for the delivery of drugs to the brain. This can deliver the drugs directly to the brain through the olfactory pathway. In recent years, several advancements have been made to target and overcome the barriers of the brain. This article deals with a detailed overview of the diverse strategies and delivery systems to overcome the barriers of the brain for effective delivery of drugs.

Polymeric long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS) for treatment of chronic diseases: Inserts, patches, wafers, and implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 113957
Author(s):  
Hamdy Abdelkader ◽  
Zeinab Fathalla ◽  
Ali Seyfoddin ◽  
Mojtaba Farahani ◽  
Thilini Thrimawithana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Long Acting
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