CHANGES IN THE HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT AND IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME HUMIDIFICATION CONDITIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS DURING CLIMATE WARMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Brovka ◽  
Ivan V. Buyakov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Spatial Change ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture

It is important to study the heat and moisture supply of the territory under climate warming conditions in Belarus since 1989, as well as changes in the occurrence frequency of extreme moisture conditions. The features of the spatial change in the averaged hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period of climate warming (1989–2019) and the colder period preceding it (1960–1988) in the months of the growing season were revealed based on the maps constructed by interpolation. A decrease in the aridity of conditions in May and September in the southeast and east of the country, an increase in aridity in June and August (especially in the southern regions), an increase in the area with excessive moisture in July and its decrease in September were defined. The article shows the features of changes in the frequency of droughts (HTC ≤ 0,7), less arid conditions (HTC = 0,71–1,0) and excessive moisture (HTC > 1,6) from May to September in 1989–2019, according to compared with the period 1960–1988. It was found that during the period of climate warming from May to September, there is a significant increase in the droughts frequency at meteorological stations in various regions of Belarus. A decrease in the number of years with drought in May and June is observed at several eastern and southern meteorological stations, in August – at the Zhitkovichi meteorological station, in September – at the Kostyukovichi meteorological station. The frequency of arid conditions in May, July and September decreases at many meteorological stations, and its changes are characterized by territorial heterogeneity. An increase in the number of years with less arid conditions is observed in most of Belarus in June and August. A significant increase in the frequency of excessive moisture was noted in July in most of the territory of Belarus, in May – in some regions. A decrease in the frequency of excessive moisture is observed at many meteorological stations in June and August; the number of years with excessive moisture increases only in the northern region. Spatial heterogeneity and less pronounced changes in the frequency of excessive moisture are noted in September.

Water Consumption by a Young Apple Orchard of Intensive Type

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Perizat N. YESSENGELDIYEVA ◽  
Kydyraly K. MUSSABEKOV ◽  
Daulen M. NURABAYEV ◽  
Ainur O. ZHATKANBAYEVA ◽  
Nagima T. TUMENBAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Moisture Saturation ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Water consumption consists of the moisture reserves of the soil used by plants, atmospheric precipitation of the growing season, capillary recharge of groundwater (if their bedding is close to the surface) and irrigation water. Water consumption in the apple orchard during the growing season was compensated by precipitation, irrigation rate, and the use of soil moisture from the root layer. Along with the total water consumption of the apple orchard, water balance calculations were carried out on the distribution of water consumption by vegetation months at 70% of the HB humidification regime and moisture saturation depths according to years of research. The thickness of the moistened layer is from 0.40 to 0.60 m. Water balance calculations to determine the total water consumption of the apple orchard were carried out for four years of research, characterized by different heat and moisture supply, both for the whole year and for the growing months.

scholarly journals Combinational ability of crossing components and heterosis of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum by biomass yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Oksana Kibalnik ◽  
Dmitry Semin ◽  
Irina Efremova ◽  
Tatiana Larina
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Source Material ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Additive Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, the most promising direction of breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum, based on the identification and selection of parental forms with high combinational ability. The source material and F1 hybrids were grown in the arid conditions of the Saratov Right Bank (Russia): the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season was 0.68. The evaluation of the combinational ability of crossing components was carried out using the topcross method. As a result of the tests, the L-52/13 line was identified with high GCA effects (15.71), and the highest SCA dispersions were found in the Saratovskoe 90 variety and the L-39/12 line (91.80-189.27). It was found that the type of sterile cytoplasm of iso-nuclear CMS-lines had a significant impact on the manifestation of SCA in terms of biomass yield: higher dispersion indicators were noted in 9E Zheltozernoye 10 (36.66). Genes with an additive effect are involved in the genetic control of this trait in paternal forms, and non-additive genes in maternal forms. In addition, each hybrid combinationwas observed with superdomination: the coefficient of phenotypic dominance varied from 2.01 to 18.91. It is advisable to use the obtained information in the hybridization of sugar sorghum to obtain high-heterosis hybrids.

PRODUCTIVITY OF PASTURAL HERBS WITH PARTICIPATION OF FESTULOLIUM DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS OF VEGETATION PERIODS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Privalova ◽  
Ruslan Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Based on 13 years of research, data are presented on the productivity of pasture grass stands with the participation of festulolium (cultivar VIK 90) in years with different conditions of heat and moisture supply of vegetation periods. Productivity indicators, depending on weather conditions, changed 1.5 times.

Effects of moisture supply in the dry season and subsequent defoliation on persistence of the savanna grasses Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Mott ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
JH Richards ◽  
AD Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Themeda Triandra ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Sheath Material

The close correlation between grazing-induced mortality and major climatic patterns in Australian savannas, led us to the hypothesis that moisture conditions during the dry, non-growing season could affect sensitivity to grazing in the subsequent growing season. Using three widespread savanna species (Themeda triandra, Heteropogon contortus and Panicum maximum), this hypothesis was tested experimentally and the mechanisms controlling this response examined and quantified. In T. triandra drought during the dry season led to major mortality in defoliated plants in the next growing season. This mortality was caused by a synchrony of tillering at the commencement of the wet season, leaving few buds for replacement once parent tillers were killed by defoliation. T. triandra was also the most sensitive species to defoliation. This sensitivity was due to the poor ability of the plant to maintain positive carbon gain after defoliation. Several factors contributed to this poor ability, including: low total photosynthetic rate, low specific leaf area, and a large proportion of sheath material with poor photosynthetic capacity remaining after cutting. Both H. contortus and P. maximum growing under irrigated and fertilized conditions did not display any effects of previous moisture treatments when defoliated during the next wet season and were much less sensitive to defoliation than T. triandra.

Climate warming extends growing season but not reproductive phase of terrestrial plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-960
Author(s):  
Huiying Liu ◽  
Chunyan Lu ◽  
Songdan Wang ◽  
Fei Ren ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Reproductive Phase

FEATURES OF MOISTURE SUPPLY OF GRASSY COVER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ARBORETUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
C.V. Makarychev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Significant Deficit

From the analysis of the actual data, it follows that at the beginning of June 2014, there was a significant moistening of the humus horizon of Chernozem under the grass cover. But at the end of the month, the amount of available moisture decreased sharply and continued to decrease during July and August. This led to a shortage of water reserves, which could only be compensated by irrigation. 2016 was generally wetter, although the moisture content in the upper humus horizon was low when it emerged from winter in may. The drop in humidity in Chernozem continued until mid-June, when the ELVs decreased to unsatisfactory values. Since the end of June, regular precipitation has dramatically increased the available moisture reserves, remaining very good until the end of the growing season. As a result, a significant deficit of productive moisture was observed only in late may and early June. In June 2017, the productive moisture reserves in the humus-accumulative horizon were satisfactory. But in the illuvial horizon, the moisture reserves were estimated to be good, which did not require irrigation.

CRITERIA AND INDICATORS OF VULNERABILITY OF AGRARIAN LAND USE SOILS TO DROUGHT TO DEVELOP MEASURES TO MITIGATE THEIR CONSEQUENCES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BELARUSIAN POLESSYE REGION)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Yatsukhno ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Bachila ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

A system of criteria and indicators is proposed to determine the degree of vulnerability of soils of agricultural lands in Belarusian Polessye based on the analysis of climatic changes, natural and anthropogenic factors affecting their moisture supply during the growing season.

Irrigation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) grown in a Mediterranean environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Metochis
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Irrigation Requirement ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
South West ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Conditions

SUMMARYThe response of groundnut to different amounts of irrigation water and the effect of irrigation on the occurrence of chlorosis during the establishment period of the crop were studied in south-west Cyprus in 1984–88. The irrigation requirement of groundnut for the entire growing season was found to be 480 mm. Under-irrigation resulted in a soil water deficit and reduced production. Application of water in excess of requirement also reduced yield. Daily evapotranspiration under optimum soil moisture conditions increased from 1·5–2·0 mm at the beginning of the growing season to 7·0–7·5 mm at full crop development; it then decreased to 2·0–3·0 mm by the end of the season. In soils of low CaCO3 content, neither frequent water application nor over-irrigation during the crop establishment period caused any chlorotic symptoms or affected yield.

scholarly journals Positive coupling between growth and reproduction in young post-fire Aleppo pines depends on climate and site conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Francisco R. López-Serrano ◽  
Raúl Sánchez-Salguero ◽  
Daniel Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In fire- and drought-prone Mediterranean forests tree growth and regeneration depend on the moisture regime between fires. Therefore, post-fire tree regeneration will depend on moisture conditions and how they are altered by fire recurrence and climate warming. Aleppo pine forests are the most abundant Circum-Mediterranean ecosystems subjected to frequent wildfires and summer droughts. Because both stressors constrain their reproduction and growth patterns across diverse ecological conditions, these forests represent a suitable system to test how moisture availability drives post-fire regeneration. Aleppo pine is an obligate seeder species that reproduces at an early age after fire. Such precocious behaviour poses the question as to whether post-fire regeneration depends on moisture conditions and the coupling between female cone production and growth. Here, we evaluate if female cone production and radial growth are linked at the tree level in post-fire Aleppo pines by comparing a dry v. a very dry site and considering stands with three different tree densities in south-eastern Spain. We found that trees with higher basal areas produced more female cones and this positive association intensified as the water balance improved. Aleppo pines from the very dry site were more precocious in reproductive terms than pines of the same age from the dry site, but long-term cone production was lower at the very dry site. Lower tree density enhances the resilience of xeric post-fire Aleppo pine forests, in growth and reproduction terms, but this effect can be reversed by droughts. Overall, a more positive water balance improves post-fire regeneration by enhancing growth and cone production. Thus, silvicultural treatments such as thinning should be applied by taking into account the post-fire water balance to maximise growth and cone production in Aleppo pine stands. Our findings illustrate how climate warming could hamper post-fire tree regeneration by aggravating drought stress.

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