scholarly journals Combinational ability of crossing components and heterosis of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum by biomass yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Oksana Kibalnik ◽  
Dmitry Semin ◽  
Irina Efremova ◽  
Tatiana Larina

Currently, the most promising direction of breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids of sugar sorghum, based on the identification and selection of parental forms with high combinational ability. The source material and F1 hybrids were grown in the arid conditions of the Saratov Right Bank (Russia): the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season was 0.68. The evaluation of the combinational ability of crossing components was carried out using the topcross method. As a result of the tests, the L-52/13 line was identified with high GCA effects (15.71), and the highest SCA dispersions were found in the Saratovskoe 90 variety and the L-39/12 line (91.80-189.27). It was found that the type of sterile cytoplasm of iso-nuclear CMS-lines had a significant impact on the manifestation of SCA in terms of biomass yield: higher dispersion indicators were noted in 9E Zheltozernoye 10 (36.66). Genes with an additive effect are involved in the genetic control of this trait in paternal forms, and non-additive genes in maternal forms. In addition, each hybrid combinationwas observed with superdomination: the coefficient of phenotypic dominance varied from 2.01 to 18.91. It is advisable to use the obtained information in the hybridization of sugar sorghum to obtain high-heterosis hybrids.

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Brovka ◽  
Ivan V. Buyakov

It is important to study the heat and moisture supply of the territory under climate warming conditions in Belarus since 1989, as well as changes in the occurrence frequency of extreme moisture conditions. The features of the spatial change in the averaged hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period of climate warming (1989–2019) and the colder period preceding it (1960–1988) in the months of the growing season were revealed based on the maps constructed by interpolation. A decrease in the aridity of conditions in May and September in the southeast and east of the country, an increase in aridity in June and August (especially in the southern regions), an increase in the area with excessive moisture in July and its decrease in September were defined. The article shows the features of changes in the frequency of droughts (HTC ≤ 0,7), less arid conditions (HTC = 0,71–1,0) and excessive moisture (HTC > 1,6) from May to September in 1989–2019, according to compared with the period 1960–1988. It was found that during the period of climate warming from May to September, there is a significant increase in the droughts frequency at meteorological stations in various regions of Belarus. A decrease in the number of years with drought in May and June is observed at several eastern and southern meteorological stations, in August – at the Zhitkovichi meteorological station, in September – at the Kostyukovichi meteorological station. The frequency of arid conditions in May, July and September decreases at many meteorological stations, and its changes are characterized by territorial heterogeneity. An increase in the number of years with less arid conditions is observed in most of Belarus in June and August. A significant increase in the frequency of excessive moisture was noted in July in most of the territory of Belarus, in May – in some regions. A decrease in the frequency of excessive moisture is observed at many meteorological stations in June and August; the number of years with excessive moisture increases only in the northern region. Spatial heterogeneity and less pronounced changes in the frequency of excessive moisture are noted in September.


Author(s):  
N.V. Geraskina ◽  
V.V. Ognev

Представлены актуальные направления селекции баклажана для условий открытого и защищенного грунта. Выделен перспективный исходный материал для различных направлений использования. Дана характеристика перспективным образцам для использования в селекции. В качестве исходного материала для селекции целесообразно использовать сорта и гибриды F1 Эскимо, Халиф, Меч самурая Десерт Голиафа, Умка, Альбион и новый линейный материал Кит 53, Л 67, Л 83, 85/17, 94/16, Л 107.The perspective directions of selection of eggplant for conditions of open and protected soil are presented. The perspective source material for different directions of use is allocated. The characteristic of perspective samples for use in selection is given. As initial material for breeding it is advisable to use the obtained varieties and F1 hybrids Eskimo, Caliph, Sword of the samurai, Goliath Dessert, Umka, Albion, new line material Kit 53, L 67, L 83, 85/17, 94/16, L 107.


2018 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Drozd ◽  
Yevhen Zaika ◽  
T Pyvovar

In the first and second generation of hybrids revealed different character of inheritance of basic qualitative and quantitative traits – dominance, heterosis, over-domination and intermediate inheritance, which allows to assume high efficiency of individual selections in the following generations, with the selection of transgressive forms. The actual ratio of distribution groups in F2 hybrids and the genetic control of these traits in parental forms by weight of 1000 seeds were determined. The source material and the perspective hybrid combinations in the breeding nursery were studied and the perspective numbers were distinguished according to the complex of features.


2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jurial Baloch ◽  
Muhammad Siddique Depar ◽  
Qumar-Uddin Chacher

The improvement in sunflower breeding requires exploitation of combining ability of divergent male and female inbreds. Six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines and three testers were crossed in line ´ tester  design, thus 18 F1 hybrids were developed for evaluation of  general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of inbred parents for days to 90% maturity, stem girth, head size, achenes/plant, 1000-seed weight, achene yield kg/ha, oil and  protein%. The significant variances due to lines and testers both determined GCA variances revealed the predominance of additive genes whilst significance of lines ´ tester interactions indicated the importance of SCA variances and the involvement of non-additive genes in the expression of traits studied. The foremost role of non-additive genes was apparent when ratio s2 SCA/s2GCA was above 1.0. These results suggested the prevalence of dominant genes and possibility of hybrid crop development. The GCA effects indicated that CMS parents SF-187, 64-A-93 and ARG-0405 and tester RHP-46 were high general combiners, thus may be chosen for crossing  and  selection programmes, whereas F1 hybrids SF-187 ´ RHP-46, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46, PAC-ARG-0405   PAC-ARG-0106, 64-A-93 ´ RHP-46 and PSF-025 ´ RHP-64 which used parents with good ´ good and good ´ poor GCA estimates revealed higher positive SCA estimates for achene yield, oil and protein traits yet manifested desirable negative effects for 90% maturity. Such results suggested that these hybrids are desirable for the exploitation of hybrid crop development or selection of desirable plants from earlier filial generations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gabibova ◽  
Nadezda Geraskina

Eggplant selection is crucial for the south of Russia due to the concentration of production and processing capacities in this region. When selecting eggplants, regional characteristics, in particular specific stressors, should be taken into account. The main stressors are low temperatures in the initial period of plant growth and development, sharp changes in soil and air temperature and humidity during the growing season, high temperatures during crop formation, and harmful fungal and mycoplasma diseases. It is possible to reduce the dependence on imports by developing production in spring greenhouses, which will extend the consumption period by 3-4 months. This requires varieties and hybrids with specific properties: high productivity, high adaptability, compact habit of plants, lack of thorns, low pubescence, etc. F1 hybrids combining high productivity with adaptability and product quality can grow in greenhouses. When collecting linear materials for creating hybrids, it is advisable to use hard provocative backgrounds with a subsequent assessment of the combinational ability. This research aimed to develop new varieties and hybrids of eggplant for the south of Russia. The study was conducted in the Rostov Selection and Seed Center in 2010-2019 on fields and in spring greenhouses. Materials from different regions of the world were collected. Varieties and hybrids were evaluated by their valuable traits and properties. Linear materials were created for sources and donors of characters that are in demand. The collection of the best varieties was involved in selection programs for creating an assortment for the south of Russia. More than 10 eggplant varieties and hybrids with high productivity and adaptive qualities were obtained. Keywords: eggplant, source material, variety, hybrid, selection, signs, applications, stability, heterosis


Author(s):  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
Т. А. Barkovskaya

This article presents the results of a study of hybrid spring wheat populations. Revealed different patterns of inheritance of important traits in F1 hybrids, which is caused by hereditary features of the original forms and circumstances. Analysis of hybrid populations showed that the dominant role in the formation of 1000 grains mass belongs to productivity and weight of grain with an ear, correlation coefficient r = 0.90 and amounted to r = 0.73, respectively. Found that the hybrid population in F4-5, created on the basis of grades Moscow 35, Esther, Agatha, Rome, Saratovskaya 29 (Russia), Ostinka (Ukraine) are a valuable material for selection of highly productive genotypes for future use breeding process. 


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.


2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Р.Х. Беков

Рассмотрены важные аспекты использования геноносителей различных маркерных признаков при создании и селекции гетерозисных гибридов томата для защищенного грунта. Наряду с общими требованиями к родительским компонентам, касающимися продуктивности растений, скороспелости, устойчивости к болезням и т. д., сегодня при селекции на гетерозис для защищенного грунта к исходному материалу предъявляют более высокие требования по наличию хозяйственно полезных признаков. Эти требования касаются типа роста растений, формы, окраски и качества плодов, типа кисти, формы плодоножки и т. д. Представлены характеристики исходного материала для создания гетерозисных гибридов томата, а также даны характеристики полученных гибридов. Исследования, проведенные в отделе селекции ВНИИО (ВНИИ овощеводства – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО), показали большую перспективность использования при гетерозисной селекции томата для защищенного грунта геноносителей различных маркерных признаков, особенно признаков, определяющих коричневую окраску эндосперма семян (гены bs и bs-2) и несочлененную плодоножку (ген j-2). Созданные с использованием этих маркерных признаков гибриды и селекционные линии по-своему уникальны и являются приоритетным достижением этого научного учреждения, так как они представляют большой интерес для гетерозисной селекции томата в качестве исходного материала. Целый ряд гибридов F1 включен в Госреестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию (Удача, Голубчик, Клад овощевода, Заур и др.). В связи с развитием фермерского и любительского овощеводства в последние годы определенное внимание было уделено созданию новых мутантных линий с розовыми, малиновыми и темно-коричневыми плодами с высокими вкусовыми качествами (учитывая, что образцы такого типа пользуются повышенным спросом у населения и стоят дороже). При создании новых гетерозисных гибридов были учтены эти признаки родительских форм. Important aspects of the use of gene carriers of various marker traits in the creation and selection of heterotic tomato hybrids for greenhouse industry are considered. Along with the general requirements for the parent components concerning plant productivity, precocity, resistance to diseases, etc., today, when breeding for heterosis for greenhouse industry, higher requirements are imposed on the source material for the presence of economically useful features. These requirements relate to the type of plant growth, shape, colour and quality of fruits, brush type, stem shape, etc. The characteristics of the initial material for creating heterotic tomato hybrids are presented, as well as the characteristics of the resulting hybrids are given. Studies conducted in the breeding department of the ARRIVG (ARRIVG – a branch of the FSBI FSCV) showed great prospects for the use of gene carriers of various marker traits, especially those that determine the brown colour of the seed endosperm (bs and bs-2 genes) and an undifferentiated peduncle (j-2 gene) in the heterosis breeding of tomatoes for greenhouses. Hybrids and breeding lines created using these marker traits are unique in their own way and are a priority achievement of this scientific institution, since they are of great interest for the heterosis breeding of tomato as a basic material. A number of F1 hybrids are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements allowed for use (Udacha, Golubchik, Klad ovoschevoda, Zaur, etc.). Due to the development of farming and amateur vegetable growing in recent years, some attention has been paid to the creation of new mutant lines with pink, crimson and dark brown fruits with high taste qualities (given that samples of this type are in high demand among the population and are more expensive). When creating new heterotic hybrids, these features of the parent forms were taken into account.


2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
S. K. Shchukis ◽  
E. R. Shchukis

The article emphasizes the importance of peas as a source of vegetative protein, and indicates on insufficient areas under peas both in Russia and in the Altai. One of the reasons of reducing its acreage is the high costs on peas planting and protecting from pests, diseases and weeds. Climate changing contributes to rapid development of such harmful diseases as ascohitoz, bacteriosis, fusarium, rust, significant number of weevil, pea aphid and moth mullet. Considering the main directions in pea breeding, it should be emphasized that the Altai Area, with its vast territory and diverse natural and climatic conditions, requires highly productive, well-adapted varieties of different use which are capable to effectively use agro-climatic resources of different zones. All this requires the active study of the source material, the selection of new, economically valuable forms and their introduction into the breeding process. It has been noted that the production requires more advanced varieties, the development of which is impossible without the presence of diverse source material. The purpose of the study was to identify the best productive plants in the pea collection of 2012-2017. The material has been represented by 113 variety samples of domestic and foreign selection. The varieties with best productivity were ‘Mnogoplodny 163’, ‘Rheinperle’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘806’9, ‘Varyag’, ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Pioner’, ‘LittleMarwel’, ‘Mnogoplodny 27’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Ryadovoy’, ‘576/80’. The best forage productivity was produced by ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’, ‘Zeleny Tsukat’, ‘Mnogoplodny 105’. The most fast-ripening varieties were ‘Rheinperle’ and ‘Pyrama’. The samples ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Varyag’, ‘Pino’ and ‘8067’ were characterized with high plant height. The samples ‘Pyrama’, ‘Flagman 12’, ‘Novosibirets’, ‘Sihirobana-Kinusaja’, the line ‘312’ produced large-sized kernels. The great lodge resistance has been shown by ‘Altaisky Usaty’, ‘Svetozar’, ‘Kamerton’, ‘Flagman 12’.


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