This paper elaborates the view of Islamic organizations in Indonesia about the application of Islamic criminal law in the form of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, and examining them based on human rights law. The Islamic Organizations whose views are explored here are Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), and Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). This article concludes, first, there are two different views of the Islamic Organization studied: one sees its application as a necessity or mandatory, and the other views it as the state responsibility that needs to consider the social interests according to its context. Of the four Islamic organizations studied, the first view was reflected in MMI and JAT, and the second view was on NU and Muhammadiyah. Second, the law of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, which for some Islamic organizations is seen as the right to practice worship and belief, cannot be justified by human rights norms. Although the rights to religion and belief are rights that are categorized as non derogable right, the implementation and application of religious teachings is actually categorized as derogable rights. Therefore, for reasons of protection of public security, public order, public health, morals, and fundamental rights and freedoms of others, the application of religious teachings, in this case the punishment for cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, can be limited.
Abstrak
Artikel ini menguraikan pandangan atau pemikiran organisasi Islam di Indonesia tentang penerapan hukum pidana Islam berupa hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, dan menelaahnya berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia. Organisasi Islam yang digali pandangannya di sini adalah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), dan Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). Artikel ini menyimpulkan, pertama, ada dua pandangan berbeda dari Organisasi Islam yang diteliti: yang satu memandang pemberlakuannya sebagai keharusan atau wajib, dan yang satu lagi memandangnya sebagai tanggungjawab negara yang perlu mempertimbangkan kepentingan sosial masyarakat sesuai konteksnya. Dari empat Organisasi Islam yang diteliti, pandangan pertama tercermin pada sikap MMI dan JAT, dan pandangan kedua pada NU dan Muhammadiyah. Kedua, hukum potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, yang bagi sebagian organisasi Islam dilihat sebagai hak untuk menjalankan ibadah dan keyakinan, tidak dapat dibenarkan oleh norma hak asasi manusia. Sekalipun hak beragama dan berkeyakinan merupakan hak yang terkatagori non derogable right, implementasi dan penerapan ajaran agama sesungguhnya terkatagori derogable rights. Karena itu, dengan alasan perlindungan keamanan publik, ketertiban publik, kesehatan publik, moral, serta hak dan kebebasan fundamental orang lain, maka implementasi ajaran agama, dalam hal ini hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, menjadi bisa dibatasi.
ON THE QUESTION OF PERSONAL NON-PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF QUARANTINE MEASURES TO PREVENT THE DISTRIBUTION OF COVID-19 ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
