scholarly journals Effect of combined use of tillage and nutrient management practices on soil quality indicators and indices under maize (Zea mays) based cropping system in rainfed inceptisols

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
K.L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Available N ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Combined Use

An experiment was conducted in the rainfed Inceptisols of Rakhdhiansar in Kandi areas of Western Himalayas of South Kashmir and Kumaon, India for four years to assess the influence of combined use of tillage and nutrient management treatments on soil quality under maize based cropping system. The experiment was initiated in a split plot design with three main and three sub-treatments using maize (Kanchan-510) as the test crop. The main experimental treatments were: T1: Conventional Tillage (CT) +Two Intercultures (Two IC), T2: Low Tillage (LT) +Two Intercultures (Two IC) and T3: Low Tillage (LT) + Weedicide + One Interculture (One IC). The three sub treatments were, T1: 100% N through organic sources (compost), T2: 50% N through organic sources + 50% N through inorganic sources and T3: 100% N through inorganic sources. The results of the present study clearly revealed that the tillage treatments did not significantly influence most of the soil quality parameters except available S, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and Mean weight Diameter of Soil Aggregates (MWD). When averaged over nutrient levels, among the tillage practices, conventional tillage + Two IC recorded the highest available S of 20.87 kg ha-1. However, sub-sub treatments viz nutrient management significantly influenced the organic carbon (OC), available N, P S and boron, dehyrogenase assay (DHA), labile carbon (LC), bulk density (BD) and MWD. When averaged over tillage levels, the application of nutrients through inorganic sources recorded significantly highest available N (160.50 kg ha-1), P (30.67 kg ha-1) and K (207.87 kg ha-1 in soil. Finally, in terms of Relative Soil Quality Indices (RSQI), Low tillage + Two IC (0.87) and Low tillage + Weedicide + One IC (0.89) proved superior compared to Conventional Tillage + 2 IC (0.82). Similarly, when averaged over tillage levels, the order of performance of nutrient management treatments was:100% N through organic sources (0.93) > 50% N through organic sources + 50 % N through inorganic sources (0.84) > 100% N through inorganic sources (0.82). Though the interactions between tillage levels and nutrient management were not significant, but the combination of Low tillage practices with 100 % organic Source of nutrients was quite superior in maintaining relatively higher RSQI. Thus, the results of the present study and methodology used will be highly useful to different stake holders associated withland and soil quality management

Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Tillage Practices on Fodder Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjun . ◽  
Hardev Ram ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Magan Singh ◽  
R. K. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Available N ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
N Management ◽  
Plot Design

Background: Agriculture and its allied sectors is an important sector in employment, income and food security. The increasing demands for food grains and cash crops, the area under fodder crops has been static since last 3-4 decades (8.4 mha) resulted into a net deficit in dry and green fodder is around 10 and 35%, respectively making livestock rearing more challenging. Conventional agriculture has largelybeen characterized by conventional tillage which caused soil degradation and negative impacts on soil physical and biological activity. To mitigate these negative effects, resource conservation technologies (RCTs) was tested and adopted to save substantial quantity of irrigation water, reducing the cost of cultivation, timely sowing, improve input use efficiency and left indirect effect on mitigating the adverse effect of climate changes. Biological N2 fixation (BNF) can make plants self-sustaining for N nutrition and avoiding the need for mineral N fertilization. The current study aimed enhancing fodder production by adoption of modern tillage practices and efficient N management. Methods: In this field-laboratory investigation during 2017-18, experiment was laid out in the split plot design consisting of three tillage practices zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and raised bed (RB) and six N management viz., N0, N75, N75+Rhizo, N100, N100+Rhizo and N125%. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture having pH 7.30, EC; 0.35 dS/m, medium in organic carbon (0.63%), low in nitrogen (188.48 kg/ha), medium in phosphorus (23.56 kg/ha) and potassium (271.12 kg/ha). The recommended dose of fertilizer and other cultural practices was applied as per treatments with standard process. The crop was harvested at 60 days after sowing and weighed for green fodder yield. The observations growth, yields and quality parameters was recorded as per the standard method. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance in split plot design. Result: ZT practices significantly improved growth attributes, fodder yield and available nitrogen. Higher fodder yield of cowpea was recorded with ZT as compared to CT and it was statistically similar in RB. The nitrogen management practices had significant effect on root length and root nodules, plant growth attributes, fodder yield and available N, P and K. The significant fodder yield was increase with successive increase of N application up to 75% N + rhizobium, over 0 and 75% N alone. The present work shows that adoption of ZT and inoculation of rhizobia had significantly improved soil health and stabilized fodder yield of cowpea besides decrease fertilizer nitrogen requirement in the irrigated agro-ecosystem of T-IGP.

Evaluation of long-term soil management practices using key indicators and soil quality indices in a semi-arid tropical Alfisol

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Sharma ◽  
J. Kusuma Grace ◽  
Uttam Kumar Mandal ◽  
Pravin N. Gajbhiye ◽  
K. Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Semi Arid

Alfisol soils of rainfed semi-arid tropics (SAT) are degrading due to several physical, chemical, and biological constraints. Appropriate soil-nutrient management practices may help to check further soil degradation. A long-term experiment comprising tillage and conjunctive nutrient use treatments under a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)–mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilkzec) system was conducted during 1998–05 on SAT Alfisols (Typic Haplustalf) at the Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad. The study evaluated soil and nutrient management treatments for their long-term influence on soil quality using key indicators and soil quality indices (SQI). Of the 21 soil quality parameters considered for study, easily oxidisable N (KMnO4 oxidisable-N), DTPA extractable Zn and Cu, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates, and hydraulic conductivity (HC) played a major role in influencing the soil quality and were designated as the key indicators of ‘soil quality’ for this system. The SQI obtained by the integration of key indicators varied from 0.66 (unamended control) to 0.83 (4 Mg compost + 20 kg N as urea) under conventional tillage (CT), and from 0.66 (control) to 0.89 (4 Mg compost + 2 Mg gliricidia loppings) under reduced tillage (RT). Tillage did not influence the SQI, whereas the conjunctive nutrient-use treatments had a significant effect. On an average, under both CT and RT, the sole organic treatment improved the soil quality by 31.8% over the control. The conjunctive nutrient-use treatments improved soil quality by 24.2–27.2%, and the sole inorganic treatment by 18.2% over the control. Statistically, the treatments improved soil quality in the following order: 4 Mg compost + 2 Mg gliricidia loppings > 2 Mg Gliricidia loppings + 20 kg N as urea = 4 Mg compost + 20 kg N as urea > 40 kg N as urea. The percentage contribution of the key indicators towards the SQI was: MBC (28.5%), available N (28.6%), DTPA-Zn (25.3%), DTPA-Cu (8.6%), HC (6.1%), and MWD (2.9%). The functions predicting the changes in yield and sustainability yield index with a given change in SQI were also determined.

scholarly journals Effect of rice establishment methods and nutrient management practices on subsequent wheat crop grown under different establishment methods and nutrient management practices at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Puspa Dulal ◽  
◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Transplanted Rice

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of land management practices and residual effect of nutrient management practices of rice on the performance of subsequent wheat crop in the rice-wheat cropping system in Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during June 2018-March 2019. The experiment was executed in a split-plot, included two establishment methods viz. (i) conventional tilled dry direct-seeded rice followed by (fb) zero tillage wheat (CT-DDSR fb ZT) (ii) puddled transplanted rice followed by conventional tillage wheat (Pu-TPR fb CT) as main plot treatments, and four nutrient management practices: (i) 100% recommended dose (100% RDF; 150:45:45 and 80:60:40 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 respectively for rice and wheat), (ii) Residue retention @ 5 t ha-1 of wheat on rice fb residue of rice on wheat + 75% RDF of each crop (RR +75%RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (140:56:53; 140:60:45 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1 for rice and wheat respectively), (iv) Brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice fb rice residue @ 3.5 t ha-1 in wheat +75% RDF of each crop (BM/GM fb R+75% RDF) as subplot treatments with three replications. The variety of wheat ‘Bijay’ was sown @120 kg ha-1 with spacing 20 cm × continuous. The data on phenology, yield, yield attributes, and economics were recorded and analyzed by R studio. The study revealed that none of the yield attributes and yield of wheat were significantly influenced by the establishment methods. Significantly more effective tillers (281.94 m-2) and grains per spike (44.48) and higher straw yield (5.95 t ha-1) were recorded under NE dose. The grain yield of wheat was 21% and 16% more under NE dose and BM/GM fb R+75% RDF respectively compared to 100% RDF. CT-DDSR fb ZT wheat had slightly less net returns (NRs. 4523 ha-1) than Pu-TPR fb CT-wheat. NE dose was the most profitable. Hence, rice establishment methods were indifferent but NE dose was the best nutrient management practice for better production and profitability for the wheat in the rice-wheat system.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Management through Target Yield Approach on Uptake and Soil Microflora in Maize – Wheat/Chickpea Sequence Cropping System under Different Tillage Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
K. A. Hiremath ◽  
A. S. Halepyati ◽  
B. M. Dodamani ◽  
M. A. Bellakki ◽  
B. M. Chittapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
Stover Yield

A field trial was carried out during July month of kharif and October month of rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi to study the effect of nutrient management through target yield approach on uptake and soil microflora in maize – wheat/chickpea sequence cropping system under different tillage practices. The results indicated that the yield parameters of maize, wheat and chickpea at harvest did not influence due to tillage practices. All these yield parameters were relatively higher in zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 when compared to conventional tillage. Grain and stover yield of maize did not differ significantly due to different tillage management practices. But, zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 produced relatively higher yield (65.9 q ha-1) than the zero tillage (64.3 q ha-1) followed by conventional tillage (55.8 q ha-1). The higher organic carbon and soil microflora at different stages were noticed with zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1. The higher available NPK and their uptake by maize crop were also recorded in zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 followed by zero tillage compared to conventional tillage and zero tillage. The lower available NPK and their uptake by maize crop were recorded in conventional tillage and RDF. Further, due to nutrient management through target yield approach, the yield parameters of maize were differed significantly. Target yield of 10 t ha-1 exhibited significantly higher yield attributes at harvest when compared to other treatments except the targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF. The lowest values of these attributes were recorded in farmer’s practice of nutrient management followed by RDF. The grain yield and stover yield (69.9 q ha-1and 89.5 q ha-1, respectively) of maize was significantly higher with a targeted yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF. The lowest grain and stover yield (53.6 q ha-1 and 74.3 q ha-1, respectively) was recorded in farmers practice followed by RDF. Significantly higher soil microflora, available NPK and their uptake by the maize crop was noticed in target yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 and 150% RDF as compared to other treatments. The lowest soil microflora, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) and their uptake by the maize was recorded in farmers practice followed by RDF. The same trend was followed statistically for organic carbon due to different treatments. Non significant differences for grain and stover yield of maize was recorded due to interaction of tillage and nutrient management practices. Similar trend was also followed due to interaction of tillage and nutrient management practices for succeeding wheat and chickpea. The yield and yield parameters of wheat and chickpea did not differ due to tillage practices and target yield approaches followed for maize. Maize equivalent yield of wheat and chickpea and system productivity were followed same trend as that of maize yield. Among different tillage practices, zero tillage and zero tillage with mulch at 5 t ha-1 were recorded maximum net returns and higher BC ratio. Similarly, among different nutrient management practices, the target yield of 10 t ha-1 followed by targeted yield of 8 t ha-1 was recorded maximum net returns and higher BC ratio as compare to other treatments.

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Health through Residue Management and Conservation Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Zahid ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed ◽  
Nadeem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Straw Management ◽  
Long Run

In South Asia, soil health degradation is affecting the sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). Indeed, for the sustainability of the soil quality, new adaptive technologies, i.e., conservation tillage and straw management resource conservation, are promising options. This investigation was focused on the interaction of tillage and straw management practices and their effects on Aridisols, Yermosols soil quality, and nutrients dynamics with different soil profiles within RWCS. The long-term field experiment was started in 2014 with the scenarios (i) conventional tillage (SC1), (ii) residue incorporation (SC2), (iii) straw management practices (SC3 and SC4) and conservation tillage (SC5). Conservation tillage practice (SC5) showed significant impact on properties of soil and availability of nutrients in comparison with that of conventional farmers practice (SC1) at the studied soil depths. The SC5 showed significant results of gravitational water contents (25.34%), moderate pH (7.4), soil organic-matter (7.6 g kg−1), total nitrogen (0.38 g kg−1), available phosphate (7.4 mg kg−1), available potassium (208 mg kg−1) compared to SC1 treatment at 0 to 15 cm soil depth. Whereas, DTPA-extractable-Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration were significantly higher, i.e., 1.12 mg kg−1, 2.14 mg kg−1, and 4.35 mg kg−1, respectively under SC5 than conventional farmer’s practices, while DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable Fe (6.15 mg kg−1) was more in straw management practices (SC4) than conventional and conservation tillage. Therefore, conservation tillage (SC5) can surge the sustainability of the region by improving soil assets and nutrients accessibility and has the potential to minimize inorganic fertilizers input in the long run.

scholarly journals Modern Tillage and Integrated Nutrient Management Practices for Improving Soil Fertility and Productivity of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Rainfed Farming System

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Patil ◽  
B.C. Balakrishna Reddy ◽  
S.C. Chitgupekar ◽  
B.B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Rainfed Farming

The field experiment was conducted with four tillage and three nutrient management practices at Agronomy field unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The results of the study indicated that, higher groundnut pod yield (1307 and 1282 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2733 and 2889 kg ha-1) was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations and integrated application of 50% organics and 50% inorganics, respectively as compared to rest of the treatments. Further, the same treatments noticed higher availability of N, P2O5 and K2O in soil after harvest of groundnut, but greater improvement in soil organic carbon content was observed with conventional tillage + one intercultivation (0.62%) as compared to rest of the tillage practices. The maximum net returns and benefit-cost ratio was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations (Rs. 11,287 ha-1 and 1.75, respectively) and integrated application of 50% organics + 50% inorganics (Rs. 10,462 ha-1 and 1.69, respectively). However, interaction effect of tillage and nutrient management practices were not influenced significantly on soil fertility and productivity of groundnut under rainfed farming system.

scholarly journals Effects of tillage practices and nutrient management on crop productivity and profitability in Jute-T. aman rice- onion cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Salahin ◽  
MK Alam ◽  
NC Shil ◽  
ATM AI Mondol ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Tillage Practices

Conservation agriculture (CA) with appropriate nutrient management can help increase crop production, improve soil health and bring economic return. An experiment was conducted at farmer’s field of Rajbari district under Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-12) during 2017-2018 to evaluate the effects of tillage and nutrient management on the system productivity and profitability in the jute - T. Aman rice- onion cropping system. Strip tillage (ST) for jute, non-puddling for T. Aman rice and one pass minimum tillage (MT) for onion was contrasted with conventional crop establishment practice (CT). Four different nutrient management practices were NM1: farmer’s practice (FP), NM2: soil test based (STB) fertilizer, NM3:25% extra of STB and NM4: organic amendments (20 % nutrients from cowdung). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications by assigning tillage practices in main plots and nutrient management in sub-plots. The yield attributes of jute, T. Aman rice and onion responded similarly to tillage practices. On the other hand, the system productivity and yield of component crops varied due to different nutrient management practices (p<0.05). The highest fibre yield of jute (3.64 t ha-1) was obtained in 25% extra of STB fertilizer dose; the highest T. Aman yield (6.02 t ha-1) and the highest onion bulb yield (16.0 t ha-1) in 20 % organic nutrient management, followed by25 % extra of STB fertilizer dose. The highest system productivity was also produced by 20 % organic amendments (33.6 t ha-1), followed by 25 % extra of STB fertilizer dose (32.3 t ha-1). The lowest yield of crops and system productivity was recorded in FP (28.6 t ha-1).The increased yield of T. Aman rice and onion in 20 % organic amendment by cowdung and ST resulted in the highest net return (NR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR), while 25% extra of STB and FP under CT gave the lowest NR and BCR. Residual nutrient from successive use of cowdung combined with chemical fertilizers outperformed other management practices in terms of crop yield and economic return. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(3): 387-399, September 2019

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LONG TERM DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL QUALITY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)-POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM)-GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) CROPPING SYSTEM IN NEW ALLUVIAL SOIL ZONE OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bose ◽  
M. Roy ◽  
P.K Patra ◽  
P.K Patra ◽  
P.K Patra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Available N ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
The Mean

We analyzed data from a long-term rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence to evaluate the effects of different nutrient management practices on yield trends, economics and soil fertility of the system. In this study, most of the organic and integrated treatments showed significantly higher mean system yield in terms of rice-equivalent yield (REY) of the 13th and 14th crop cyclethan that of with purely inorganic source. Highest mean rice-equivalent system yieldwas obtained in the treatment with 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB (14.96 t ha-1). In contrast with the yield result, purely inorganic treatment showed better performance compare to all other organic and integrated treatments from the economical point of view during last two 13th and 14 th cropping year. The organic nutrient-management packages increased the mean soil organic carbon and soil macronutrients (available N, P and K) at the end of 13th and 14 th cropping system cycle over the control (fallow land) and the buildup was maximum in the soil, applied with 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB (0.98%, 301.8, 61.1 and 173.3 kg/ha for organic carbon, N, P and K). The mean microbial population after thirteenth and fourteenth cropping year in terms of colony forming units increased in a higher rate in soils with organic nutrient supply system (bacteria 3.7 to 14.5 cfu g-1, fungi 3 to 12.3 cfu g-1) compared to the control as against the respective increases of 1.2 cfu g-1 and 1.8 cfu g-1 in the soils receiving nutrients through chemical fertilizers. Application of 33% of recommended N each from FYM, vermicompost and Neem cake along with Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB was the best organic nutrient management practice compare to other studied management practices for rice–potato–groundnut cropping system in new alluvial zone of West

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