scholarly journals Dose Distribution of 192Ir HDR Brachytherapy Source Measurement using Gafchromic® EBT3 Film Dosimeter and TLD-100H

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 691-708
Author(s):  
Nor Shazleen Ab Shukor ◽  
Marianie Musarudin ◽  
Reduan Abdullah ◽  
Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distance ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Radial Dose Function ◽  
Brachytherapy Source ◽  
Anisotropy Function ◽  
Radial Dose ◽  
Good Agreement

This study aims to measure the radial dose function and anisotropy function F(r, θ) of high Dose Rate (HDR) 192Ir source in a fabricated water-equivalent phantom using Gafchromic® EBT3 film and TLD-100H and to compare the results obtained with the MCNP5 calculated values. The phantom was fabricated using Perspex PMMA material. For, the EBT3 films with a required dimension and TLD-100H chips were placed at r=1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 cm from the source. The F(r, θ) measurements were carried out at r=1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 cm with the angle range from 10° to 170°. The result of from EBT3 film and TLD-100H was in good agreement (2.10%±1.99). Compared to MCNP5, the differences are within 0.31% to 11.47% for EBT3 film and 0.08% to 10.58% for TLD-100H. For the F(r, θ), an average deviation with the MCNP5 calculation is 4.94%±2.7. For both and F(r, θ), the effects are prominent at r=10 cm. At this distance, the response of both Gafchromic® EBT3 film and TLD-100H shows less sensitivity as the dose followed the inverse square law. This work demonstrates that Gafchromic® EBT3 film dosimeter and TLD-100H are suitable dosimeters in 192Ir dosimetric measurements at a radial distance of ˂5 cm

scholarly journals Standardization and Validation of Brachytherapy Seeds’ Modelling Using GATE and GGEMS Monte Carlo Toolkits

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Konstantinos P. Chatzipapas ◽  
Dimitris Plachouris ◽  
Panagiotis Papadimitroulas ◽  
Konstantinos A. Mountris ◽  
Julien Bert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Statistical Uncertainty ◽  
Radial Dose Function ◽  
Pulsed Dose Rate ◽  
Anisotropy Function ◽  
Radial Dose ◽  
Good Agreement

This study aims to validate GATE and GGEMS simulation toolkits for brachytherapy applications and to provide accurate models for six commercial brachytherapy seeds, which will be freely available for research purposes. The AAPM TG-43 guidelines were used for the validation of two Low Dose Rate (LDR), three High Dose Rate (HDR), and one Pulsed Dose Rate (PDR) brachytherapy seeds. Each seed was represented as a 3D model and then simulated in GATE to produce one single Phase-Space (PHSP) per seed. To test the validity of the simulations’ outcome, referenced data (provided by the TG-43) was compared with GATE results. Next, validation of the GGEMS toolkit was achieved by comparing its outcome with the GATE MC simulations, incorporating clinical data. The simulation outcomes on the radial dose function (RDF), anisotropy function (AF), and dose rate constant (DRC) for the six commercial seeds were compared with TG-43 values. The statistical uncertainty was limited to 1% for RDF, to 6% (maximum) for AF, and to 2.7% (maximum) for the DRC. GGEMS provided a good agreement with GATE when compared in different situations: a) Homogeneous water sphere, b) heterogeneous CT phantom, and c) a realistic clinical case. In addition, GGEMS has the advantage of very fast simulations. For the clinical case, where TG-186 guidelines were considered, GATE required 1 h for the simulation while GGEMS needed 162 s to reach the same statistical uncertainty. This study produced accurate models and simulations of their emitted spectrum of commonly used commercial brachytherapy seeds which are freely available to the scientific community. Furthermore, GGEMS was validated as an MC GPU based tool for brachytherapy. More research is deemed necessary for the expansion of brachytherapy seed modeling.

scholarly journals OC-0183: Independent validation of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy source localisation using an EPID

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. S71-S72
Author(s):  
R.D. Franich ◽  
R.L. Smith ◽  
M.L. Taylor ◽  
A. Haworth ◽  
L.N. McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
Source Localisation ◽  
Independent Validation ◽  
Brachytherapy Source

scholarly journals Study the Calibration of the High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Radioactive Source 60Co

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Tania Afroz ◽  
Pretam K. Das ◽  
S. I. Chawdhury ◽  
Shudeb K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Air Kerma Rate ◽  
Brachytherapy Source

Aim of this work is to calibrate the high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy source 60Co. The radioactive source calibration is a very important part of the quality assurance program for dosimetry of brachytherapy source. The goal of this project is the calibration of HDR Brachytherapy source in radiation therapy is the measurement of the air kerma rate which required actual dose to deliver. The source calibration is an essential part of the quality assurance program for dosimetry of brachytherapy source. This research will help the patient who is involving brachytherapy treatment. HDR brachytherapy source 60Co is inserted directly or in close to the tumor. Most commonly using method for calibration of HDR brachytherapy source 60CO is well type ionization chamber. Calibration of the radioactive source 60Co brachytherapy source is very important for the treatment of cancer patient. We have got the variation between RAKR from TPS and measured Air Kerma Rate of 60Co brachytherapy source are 3.2% and 3.04% and which give very good agreement with the Air Kerma Rate (RAKR) is 5% (from BEBIG protocol, Germany). So, our results were satisfied for brachytherapy treatment. From these results, it must be concluded that, 60Co brachytherapy source is suitable for brachytherapy cancer treatment. It is very difficult to calculate treatment deliver dose without calibrating AKR of HDR brachytherapy source. It is very important to verify the calculated Air Kerma Rate by TPS Air Kerma Rate.

scholarly journals Dose Distributions of an192Ir Brachytherapy Source in Different Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. H. Wu ◽  
Y. J. Liao ◽  
Y. W. Hsueh Liu ◽  
S. K. Hung ◽  
M. S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lung Dose ◽  
Dose Distributions ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Glass Dosimeter ◽  
Radial Dose Function ◽  
Anisotropy Function ◽  
Radial Dose

This study used MCNPX code to investigate the brachytherapy192Ir dose distributions in water, bone, and lung tissue and performed radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter measurements to verify the obtained MCNPX results. The results showed that the dose-rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function in water were highly consistent with data in the literature. However, the lung dose near the source would be overestimated by up to 12%, if the lung tissue is assumed to be water, and, hence, if a tumor is located in the lung, the tumor dose will be overestimated, if the material density is not taken into consideration. In contrast, the lung dose far from the source would be underestimated by up to 30%. Radial dose functions were found to depend not only on the phantom size but also on the material density. The phantom size affects the radial dose function in bone more than those in the other tissues. On the other hand, the anisotropy function in lung tissue was not dependent on the radial distance. Our simulation results could represent valid clinical reference data and be used to improve the accuracy of the doses delivered during brachytherapy applied to patients with lung cancer.

Radiochromic film measurement of anisotropy function for high-dose-rate Ir-192 brachytherapy source

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 4065-4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Sharma ◽  
C Bianchi ◽  
L Conte ◽  
R Novario ◽  
B C Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Brachytherapy Source ◽  
Anisotropy Function

scholarly journals Determination of TG-43 dosimetric parameters for photon emitting brachytherapy sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mozaffari ◽  
M Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Treatment Planning Systems ◽  
Radial Dose Function ◽  
Anisotropy Function ◽  
Radial Dose ◽  
Good Agreement

Objective: Brachytherapy sources are widely used for the treatment of cancer. The report of Task Group No. 43 (TG-43) of American Association of Physicists in Medicine is known as the most common method for the determination of dosimetric parameters for brachytherapy sources. The aim of this study is to obtain TG-43 dosimetric parameters for 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd brachytherapy sources by Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: In this study, 60Co (model Co0.A86), 137Cs (model 6520-67), 192Ir (model BEBIG) and 103Pd (model OptiSeed) brachytherapy sources were simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code. To simulate the sources, the exact geometric characterization of each source was defined in Monte Carlo input programs. Dosimetric parameters including air kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy function were calculated for each source. Each input program was run with sufficient number of particle histories. The maximum type A statistical uncertainty in the simulation of the 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd sources, were equal to 4%, 4%, 3.19% and 6.50%, respectively. Results: The results for dosimetry parameters of dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy function for the 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir and 103Pd sources in this study demonstrated good agreement with other studies. Conclusion: Based on the good agreement between the results of this study and other studies, the TG-43 results for Co0.A86 60Co, 67-65200 137Cs, BEBIG 192Ir and OptiSeed 103Pd sources are validated and can be used as input data in treatment planning systems (TPSs) and to validate the TPS calculations.

scholarly journals Determination of contributions of scatter and distance error to the source strength of 192Ir HDR brachytherapy source

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Shwetha Bondel ◽  
Manickam Ravikumar
Keyword(s):  
High Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
Iterative Technique ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Distance Error ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Air Kerma Rate ◽  
Brachytherapy Source

Abstract High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy commonly employs a 192Ir encapsulated source to deliver high dose to the malignant tissues. Calibrations of brachytherapy sources are performed by the manufacturer using a well-type chamber or by in-air measurement using a cylindrical ionization chamber. Calibration using the latter involves measurements to be carried out at several distances and room scatter can also be determined. The aim of the present study is to estimate the scatter contribution from the walls, floor and various materials in the room in order to determine the reference air kerma rate of an 192Ir HDR brachytherapy source by in-air measurements and also to evaluate the error in the setup distance between the source centre and chamber centre. Air kerma measurements were performed at multiple distances from 10 cm to 40 cm between the source and chamber. The room scatter correction factor was determined using the iterative technique. The distance error of −0.094 cm and −0.112 cm was observed for chamber with and without buildup cap respectively. The scatter component ranges from 0.3% to 5.4% for the chamber with buildup cap and 0.3% to 4.6% without buildup cap for distances between 10 to 40 cm respectively. Since the average of the results at multiple distances is considered to obtain the actual air kerma rate of the HDR source, the seven distance method and iterative technique are very effective in determining the scatter contribution and the error in the distance measurements.

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