Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Management And Conservation

<em>Abstract</em>.—Reported predators of lamprey include a variety of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and predation on lamprey is known in both marine and freshwater habitats. Although lampreys are not typically prominent in the reported diets of predators, it does not follow that predation is not an important source of lamprey mortality. Concentrations of migrating and spawning lampreys may be especially vulnerable. Assemblages of predators on lampreys have changed through human activities such as stocking and harvest of fishes. In southeastern Minnesota, for example, most of the 1,145 km in 139 streams that currently are managed for trout now support brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>, an exotic species that has been reported to prey on several species of lamprey. Prior to its establishment, relatively few fish in these streams would have been capable of feeding on large ammocoetes or adult lampreys.

scholarly journals Conservation of endangered galaxiid fishes in the Falkland Islands requires urgent action on invasive brown trout

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Minett ◽  
Daniel M. Fowler ◽  
Josh Jones ◽  
Paul Brickle ◽  
Glen T. Crossin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Native Salmonids ◽  
Urgent Action

Non-native salmonids are protected in the Southern hemisphere where they sustain aquaculture and valuable sport fisheries, but also impact on native galaxiid fishes, which poses a conservation conundrum. Legal protection and human-assisted secondary releases may have helped salmonids to spread, but this has seldom been tested. We reconstructed the introduction of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to the Falkland Islands using historical records and modelled its dispersal. Our results indicate that establishment success was ~88%, and that dispersal was facilitated by proximity to introduction sites and density of stream-road crossings, suggesting it was human assisted. Brown trout has already invaded 54% of Falkland rivers, which are 2.9-4.5 times less likely to contain native galaxiids than uninvaded streams. Without strong containment we predict brown trout will invade nearly all suitable freshwater habitats in the Falklands within the next ~70 years, which might put native freshwater fishes at a high risk of extinction

A discreet invasion: distribution, origins, and expansion of the European slug complex Arion subfuscus s.l. in Quebec

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érik L’Heureux ◽  
Bernard Angers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Arion Subfuscus

Accurate identification of species and their geographic origins is crucial to assess the impacts of exotic species. This is particularly relevant when multiple introductions are suspected. Species complexes are therefore problematic, as different species can be treated as a single taxon. The highly diversified European complex Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) s.l. is abundant throughout northeastern North America. However, surveys performed in the United States have reported a low mitochondrial diversity associated with a single species. To assess whether regions characterized by different human activities harbor different diversities, the taxonomic identities, distributions, and origins of the species of this complex in Quebec (Canada) were determined. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene was analyzed in 526 specimens from 69 locations. Both Arion fuscus (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) s. str. (lineages S1 and S2) were detected. Arion fuscus was the most abundant species, contrasting with previous studies conducted in North America. An explosive range expansion occurred during the last 50 years. Moreover, the presence of different haplotypes confirmed multiple introductions of these species. These results emphasize the importance of not considering an exotic species complex as a single taxon, especially in regions with different human activities.

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kurhalyuk ◽  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
K. Pałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Reactive Substance ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

Evaluation of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) fillets’ shelf life: Fed with a humic supplemented diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100675
Author(s):  
Muhammed Atamanalp ◽  
Arzu Ucar ◽  
Esat Mahmut Kocaman ◽  
Gonca Alak
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

scholarly journals Higher mortality of the less suitable brown trout host compared to the principal Atlantic salmon host when infested with freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) glochidia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janhavi Marwaha ◽  
Per Johan Jakobsen ◽  
Sten Karlsson ◽  
Bjørn Mejdell Larsen ◽  
Sebastian Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Freshwater Pearl Mussel ◽  
Host Interaction

AbstractThe freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is a highly host-specific parasite, with an obligate parasitic stage on salmonid fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta f. trutta and Salmo trutta f. fario) are the only hosts in their European distribution. Some M. margaritifera populations exclusively infest either Atlantic salmon or brown trout, while others infest both hosts with one salmonid species typically being the principal host and the other a less suitable host. Glochidial abundance, prevalence and growth are often used as parameters to measure host suitability, with the most suitable host species displaying the highest parameters. However, it is not known if the degree of host specialisation will negatively influence host fitness (virulence) among different host species. In this study we examined the hypothesis that glochidial infestation would result in differential virulence in two salmonid host species and that lower virulence would be observed on the most suitable host. Atlantic salmon and brown trout were infested with glochidia from two M. margaritifera populations that use Atlantic salmon as their principal host, and the difference in host mortality among infested and control (sham infested) fish was examined. Higher mortality was observed in infested brown trout (the less suitable host) groups, compared to the other test groups. Genetic assignment was used to identify offspring from individual mother mussels. We found that glochidia from individual mothers can infest both the salmonid hosts; however, some mothers displayed a bias towards either salmon or trout. We believe that the differences in host-dependent virulence and the host bias displayed by individual mothers were a result of genotype × genotype interactions between the glochidia and their hosts, indicating that there is an underlying genetic component for this parasite-host interaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document